info@auctorespublishing.com
+1-(302)-520-2644
+1-(302)-520-2644

Review on Health Benefits of Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) and Its Inter-cropping Advantage with Maize (Zea mays L.)

  1. Home
  2. Journals
  3. Nutrition and Food Processing
  4. Archives
Submit Guidelines

Review

Review on Health Benefits of Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) and Its Inter-cropping Advantage with Maize (Zea mays L.)

  • Desta Abayechaw 1*
  • Tarekegn Yoseph 2
  • 1* Wondogenet Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ethiopia.
  • 2 School of Plant and Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, Ethiopia.

*Corresponding Author: Desta Abayechaw, Wondogenet Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ethiopia.

Citation: Desta Abayechaw and Tarekegn Yoseph. (2021). Review on Health Benefits of Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) and Its Inter-cropping Advantage with Maize (Zea mays L.). J. Nutrition and Food Processing, 4(6); DOI:10.31579/2637-8914/060

Copyright: © 2021, Desta Abayechaw. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Received: 19 July 2021 | Accepted: 05 August 2021 | Published: 16 August 2021

Keywords: mentha spicata; health benefit; inter-cropping; slender spikes; bioactivity; aromatic herbaceous; thiobarbituric acid

Abstract

Traditional medicine provides an important health care service and can be used as an alternate therapy. Plants are rich in phytochemical compounds that offer a source of dietary ingredients used to treat various ailments and problems. Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) belongs to the family Lamiaceae and is a rich source of polyphenols. These polyphenols have shown numerous biological activities and health benefits. Also, conserve biodiversity and manage soil-borne pests as well as enhance soil and plant health. Therefore, the review of the present study shows the bioactivity, health effects, and inter-cropping advantages of spearmint.

Introduction

Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.), is an aromatic herbaceous, rhizomatous, and perennial herb belonging to the Lamiaceae family [4]. The plants of this family are a rich source of polyphenols and thus possessing strong antioxidant properties [20,8]. Spearmint is indigenous to northern England [46] and is cultivated in areas with a climate ranging from tropical to temperate, such as America, Europe, China, South Africa, and [20,39]. Nowadays, spearmint is widely grown throughout all regions of the world [15]. Spearmint is also known as brown mint, garden mint, lady’s mint, and sage of Bethlehem [48]. Spearmint is a creeping rhizomatous and herbs [24,28] . The leaves are broad and sharply serrate. The trademark of the mint family is the square-shaped stem [11]. Spearmint produces rightly and long pink or white flowers in slender spikes. Spearmint leaves possess a characteristic aromatic odor and pungent taste. However, in contrast to peppermint and Japanese mint, the cooling after-effect is absent in spearmint [11,24].

Discussion

Mentha plants are one of the most popular herbs that have been used for their medicinal and aromatherapeutic properties since ancient times. Spearmint has a long tradition of medicinal use. It was taken as a tea to treat general digestive problems. Spearmint is widely used in a commercially manufactured product, cooking, and medicine for its aromatic and flavorsome qualities. There are numerous health benefits of spearmint essential oil such as it can reduce fever, provide relief from depression and asthma [12]. Mint was originally used as a medicinal herb to treat stomach ache and chest pains, and it is commonly used in the form of tea as a home remedy to help alleviate stomach pain. During the middle Ages, powdered mint leaves were used to whiten teeth. Its tea is a strong diuretic. Also aids digestion, in a way that it breaks down the fats. In recent years, it has been often recommended for treating obesity. It has been well known that spearmint essential oils have antimicrobial and antioxidant effects [44]. Also, a common need is the availability of natural extracts with a pleasant taste or smell combined with a preservative action, aimed to avoid lipid deterioration, oxidation, and spoilage by microorganisms [49]. It is essential oil did not show any evidence of mutagenicity in the Ames test [1]. Spearmint has also been described as having excellent antioxidant activity comparable to BHT [30].  Due to both its antioxidant activity and its common use to season lamb in South Asian cuisine, it has been studied as an additive to radiation-processed lamb meat and was found effective in delaying oxidation of fats and reducing the formation of harmful substances, which can be detected using thiobarbituric acid as a reagent [30]. Spearmint has been studied for antifungal activity; it is essential oil was found to have some antifungal activity, although less than oregano [1]. 

Spearmint is mainly consumed and used in Mediterranean, European, and Indian cultures as a flavor ingredient in tea, beverage, and cooked meat preparations [38,56]. Recently, M. spicata has become a subject of scientific interest because of other potential uses of its essential oil and extracts, for the most part, as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents [40]. 

In addition to the health benefit of spearmint as explained by [6] intercropping spearmint with maize at a 42cm inter-row spacing of spearmint followed by 36cm inter-row spacing is biologically efficient, economically feasible, and more profitable and provides opportunities for the producers than planting alone. However, recent scientific studies showed spearmint consumption its associated health benefits and advantages in the cropping system especially with maize which needs scientific evidence in an advance and through intensive research. With these in mind, the main aim of this review was to reports works done with a wide-ranging overview of the health benefits of spearmint and its intercropping advantages with maize.

Major Chemical Compounds of Spearmint

The constituents found in spearmint are shown in (Table 1) below.

(Adapted from Shahbazi, 2015)        Table 1. Result of MS essential oil analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

The main flavor compounds present in spearmint are limonene, dihydro carvone, dihydrocarveol carveol, and carvone [38,56]. The most abundant compound in spearmint oil is R (-) carvone, which gives spearmint its distinctive smell. Spearmint oil also contains significant amounts of limonene, dihydro carvone, and 1,8-cineol [25]. Spearmint has a flavor and pungent taste due to the high content of essential oils like carvone [47]. Carvone, a phenolic compound, is the main constituent found in spearmint oil, followed by limonene [20,28]. Carvone is reported to be potential in inhibiting bacterial growth, as well as to act as fungicide and insect repellent. Carvone also reversibly suppresses the sprouting in stored potatoes or flower bulbs.

Carvone renders the characteristic smell of spearmint. The smell is smooth and near analogous to fennel oil. However, (S)-carvone and (R)- carvone contribute to the odor of spearmint and caraway seeds respectively. Both are enantiomers of biological material but elicit a different response. Also, S-carvone possesses high antioxidant activity [11].

Bioactivity 

Phenolic compounds extracted from Mentha have various applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries, including antioxidant properties due to the presence of phenolic compounds such as caffeic acid, eugenol, rosmarinic acid, and α-tocopherol [2]. The main bioactive compounds in spearmint oil are phenolic compounds, essential oils, and long-chain hydrocarbons. It is reported that spearmint possesses antioxidant activity [9] on account of the presence of phenolic acids, flavonoids, carvone, and ascorbic acid in leaves. According to [51] spearmint can become an alternate form for synthetic antioxidants that bring harmful effects. The biological activities of spearmint also include anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and sedative [31]. The good antimicrobial activity is attributed to the high concentration of carvone [51]. Besides, spearmint is carminative, antispasmodic, and diuretic [57].

The contents of phenolic compounds in spearmint oil are 8.9mg/100g for caffeic acid, 1344mg/100g for rosmarinic acid, and 16.8mg/100 g for luteolin [62]. Many volatile compounds have been identified in spearmint including flavonoid, thymonin, carvone, and limonene [3]. Reported that extracted phenolic compounds from spearmint have been used for medical purposes.

The major extracted phenolic compounds from Mentha aquatica L. are luteolin-7-O-glucoside, eriocitrin, and rosmarinic acid, whereas hesperidinin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, eriocitrin, and rosmarinic acid are the major phenolic compounds in Mentha piperita L. [9,17,34,41,60] reported that rosmarinic acid is the predominant phenolic identified in different species of Mentha.

The Excellent Benefits of Spearmint:

Both fresh and dried spearmint plants are widely used in a variety of applications [37]. Since ancient times, both western and eastern cultures have been practiced spearmint as medical and aromatic plants [44].  In terms of biological uses, spearmint acts as insecticides [49], antispasmodics, and anti-platelets [58]. Moreover, spearmint is used as antimicrobial [55] and antioxidant agents [40]. 

In terms of medicinal benefits, spearmint is considered as an herbal medicine in folkloric remedies for treating colds and flu, respiratory tract problems, gastralgia, hemorrhoids, and stomachache [7,57,59]. Spearmint is extracted in the form of oil and is regularly used in medicine [7] states that spearmint leaves are generally taken as a tea in which its carminative properties can help to treat digestive disorders, fever, and minor ailments [46]. Furthermore, spearmint has broadly been applied to treat various illnesses. For instance, nausea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal disorders [26,36]. Also, spearmint flavonoids, thymonin, caffeic acid, rosmaric acid, carvone, and limonene, have been used for medical purposes to address such issues as smooth muscle spasms, increase blood circulation, relieve pain, antiseptic, morning sickness, nausea, menstrual cramps, flatulence, flu, and vomiting [3]. Recently, phenolic compounds in mint have been investigated to repair DNA damage in cancer. Non-volatile components of Mentha species have beneficial effects in human health due to antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiallergic properties [9,19,28,41,53,56].

Golden benefits of spearmint according to [45] consumption of a proprietary spearmint extract (PSE) can sustainably improve cognitive performance in young, healthy adults. Many published works of literature support that PSE can improve aspects of attention [42]. Consumption of PSE has been shown to improve attention and concentration when administered both acutely and chronically for 30 days in an open-label trial of older individuals with self-reported memory impairment [42]. Moreover, 3 small-scale studies in healthy men and women between the ages of 18 and 50 found trends for improvements in objective measures of attention as well as subjective reporting of increased feelings of alertness after acute supplementation with PSE [42]. In addition to the existing human clinical data, the polyphenol molecules contained in PSE have been shown to increase neurotransmitter levels in the brain related to attention [13,61]. Specifically, the polyphenols rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B have both been shown to inhibit the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine in the brain [13,61]. In an animal model, rosmarinic acid has been shown to increase levels of acetylcholine in the brain following acute administration [13]. Although the role of acetylcholine in learning and memory has been known for some time, more recent studies have revealed the additional function of acetylcholine for attention in both human and animal studies [33]. In the current study, daily supplementation with spearmint led to an 11% increase in sustained attention performance. So, sustained attention is an essential component of daily life and refers to the capacity to maintain focus on a specific item or task over an extended period [50]. (Table 2)

Abbreviations: SEM, standard error of the mean.     Table 2. Subject Global Impression (SGI) scale of cognition questionnaire scores at the end of treatment in response to spearmint supplementation [29].

The SGI questionnaire was administered at the end of the 30-day treatment and subjects were asked to compare their current condition to their condition before inclusion in the study.  Scores were coded as: 1 = very much improved, 2 = much improved, 3 = minimally improved, 4 = no change, 5 = minimally worse, 6 = much worse, 7 = very much worse. 

P-values were calculated from Wilcoxon sign rank test, testing the difference from 4 (no change; n = 10) at the end of treatment in the modified intention-to-treat sample.

According to [35] aqueous spearmint extract, containing higher rosmarinic acid content relative to extracts from typical commercial lines, was well-tolerated and bioavailable in older subjects (50-70 years) with self-reported memory impairment. In addition, the aqueous spearmint extract may have implications in cognitive health and warrant further investigation.

Spearmint is commonly used as a domestic herbal remedy. A tea made from the leaves has traditionally been used in the treatment of fevers, headaches, digestive disorders, and various minor ailments [14]. The herb is antiemetic, antispasmodic, carminative, diuretic, restorative, stimulant, and stomachic [10,16,39]. The leaves should be harvested at the time of flower initiation of the plant and can be dried for later use [16]. The essential oil of the plant is antiseptic, though it is toxic in large doses [14]. The essential oil and the aerial stems are often used in folk remedies for cancer and a poultice prepared from the leaves (macerated leaves) is said to remedy tumors [10].

Phenolic compounds are among the bioactive food components with potential health benefits [21]. Dietary phenolics are well documented to decrease the risk of chronic diseases (e.g., type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, and some cancers), and to have antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, laxative, and anti-inflammatory activities [21].

Another benefit in terms of food uses, spearmint is used in food, confectionery, and chewing gum industries [7,26,37]. Spearmint contributes to food preservation [52] and imparts food taste and aroma [26]. Spearmint is used in Iran as a flavoring agent in food products such as cheese and doogh [54]. Besides, spearmint is added in Indian and Italian cuisine, either in fresh or dried form, to fish and shellfish plates before or after cooking [32,57]. Owing to the antioxidant, antiradical and chelating properties it possesses, the incorporation of spearmint in food can help to maintain the equilibrium of redox status in an organism as well as to improve safety and effect on human wellbeing [20]. Spearmint has been used broadly in cosmetics and soap [7,26,37] as well as toothpaste, breath freshener, an antiseptic mouth rinse [26,36].

Spearmint Intercropping Advantages with Maize

Many studies have emphasized the advantage of medicinal plants in intercropping systems, such as cassava/okra, Okra with chili pepper, saffron with chamomile, and spearmint with maize, were also reported. Also, to conserve the biodiversity, presence of medicinal plants in intercropping will also enhance their yield quantity. For instance, intercropping peppermint plants with soybean produced a significantly higher amount of essential oil when compared to monoculture plants, and the oil yield increased by 50%.  Also, intercropping of spearmint with maize has advantages on weed suppression. Spearmint increased soil organic C and N by 32% and 47% within 2 years, respectively.

According to [6] in intercropping of maize with spearmint there was no significant (p>0.05) yield variation in the two consecutive two cropping years. Similarly, the overall pooled mean showed there was no significant variation between intercropped and sole treatments and between each intercropped treatment. Even if no significant variation was observed in the pooled mean, the highest yield was recorded at 42cm inter row spacing of spearmint intercropped with maize which was similar to the individual harvesting seasons. This was possibly due to no shading effect of spearmint on maize and less competitiveness for the resources from the associated crops. Similar finding was reported by Prasad and Brook (2004) who observed that maize yield was not significantly influenced by soybean in maize- soybean intercropping systems under various densities of maize. (Figure 1)

Figure 1. Influence of maize-spearmint intercropping on grain yield of maize

The benefits of spearmint in an intercropping system suggest that mint may benefit the management of soil-borne pests as well as enhance soil and plant health. Soil health is the capacity of a soil to function within its ecosystem boundaries to sustain biological productivity, maintain environmental quality, and promote plant and animal health [60]. (figure 2)

Sources: Lulie et al. (2014)        Figure 2. Mint plants in the field

Summary and Conclusion

Spearmint is an aromatic herbaceous, rhizomatous, and perennial herb belonging to the Lamiaceae family. The main flavor compounds present in spearmint are limonene, dihydro carvone, dihydrocarveol carveol, and carvone. Also, the main bioactive compounds in spearmint oil are phenolic compounds, essential oils, and long-chain hydrocarbons. Phenolic compounds in spearmint were exhibited many biological activities. Thus, spearmint has great potential to be used in medical value especially according to Paul consumption of a proprietary spearmint extract can sustainably improve cognitive performance in young, healthy adults and functional foods applications. Spearmint has benefits in the intercropping system by sustaining biological productivity, maintain environmental quality, and promote plant and animal health. But the updated information worldwide about health benefits and its intercropping advantages of spearmint was scanty. So, further studies and advanced researches are needed to enhance its cropping system, properties, and increase its applications.

Acknowledgement

The first author would like to thanks the instructor Dr. Tarekegn Yoseph for his advice and guidance in the entire scientific paper writing. 

References

  1. Adam K, Sivropoulou A, Kokkini S, Lanaras T, and Arsenakis M. (1998). Antifungal Activities of Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum, Mentha spicata, Lavandula angustifolia, and Salvia fruticosa Essential Oils against Human Pathogenic Fungi. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 46: 1739-1745.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  2. Al-Sereiti, M.R., Abu-Amer, R.M., and Sen P. (1999). Pharmacology of rosemary (Rosmarinus officials Linn.) and its therapeutic potentials. Indian J. Exp. Bio. 37, 124–130.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  3. Alu’datt, M.H., Rababah, T., Alhamad, M.N., Ereifej, K., Al-Mahasneh, M., Brewer, M.S., and Rawshdeh, M. (2016). Optimization extraction conditions for phenolic compounds, antioxidant and inhibitory activities of the angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE), α-glucosidase, and α-amylase from Mentha spicata L. J. Food Biochem. 40 (3), 335–344.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  4. Arzani, A., Zeinali, H, and Razmjo, K. (2007). Iron and magnesium concentrations of mint accessions (Mentha spp.). Plant Physiol. Biochem., 45, 323–329.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  5. Asekun OT., Grierson DS., Afolayan AJ. (2007). Effects of drying methods on the quality and quantity of the essential oil of Mentha longifolia L. subsp. Capensis. Food Chem 101: 995-998.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  6. Belstie Lulie1., Haymanot Getu, and Tesfa Bogale. (2014). Intercropping of maize (Zea mays L.) with Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) as Supplementary Income Generation at Wondo Genet Agricultural Research Center, South Ethiopia. International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS). pp: 31-43.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  7. Bensabah F., Houbairi S., Essahli M., Lamiri A., and Naja, J. (2013). Chemical Composition and Inhibitory Effect of the Essential Oil from Mentha Spicata Irrigated by Wastewater on the Corrosion of Aluminum in 1 Molar Hydrochloric Acid. Port Electro Chimica Acta 31: 195-206.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  8. Bimakr M., Rahman RA., Taip FS., Ganjloo A., and Salleh LM. (2011). Comparison of different extraction methods for the extraction of major bioactive flavonoid compounds from spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) leaves. Food Bioprod Process 89: 67-72.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  9. Dorman HJ., Koşar M., Kahlos K., Holm Y., and Hiltunen R. (2003). Antioxidant properties and composition of aqueous extracts from Mentha species, hybrids, varieties, and cultivars. J Agr Food Chem 51: 4563-4569.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  10. Duke JA., and Ayensu ES. (1985). Medicinal plants of China, Reference Publications, Inc. ISBN 0- 917256-20-4.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  11. Elmastaş M., Dermirtas I., Isildak O., and Aboul‐Enein HY. (2006). Antioxidant Activity of S‐Carvone Isolated from Spearmint (Mentha Spicata L. Fam Lamiaceae). J Liquid Chromate Related Technol 29: 1465-1475
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  12. El-Moghazy MA. (2008). Chemical inhibition effects of some plant extract on spoilage microorganisms in food. Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  13. Fale PL, Madeira PJ, Florencio MH, Ascensao L, and Serralheiro ML. (2011). The function of Plectranthus barbatus herbal tea as neuronal acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Food Funct; 2:130–136.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  14. Foster S., and Duke JA. (1990). A field guide to medicinal plants: Eastern and Central N. America, Houghton Mifflin Co. ISBN 0395467225.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  15. Ghderi PGhderi P., Ahmadi R., Balkanyian F., Moridikyia A., and Mahdavi E. (1975). The essential oils.5th printing, D. Van. Nostard Company, Inc. (Princeton, New Jersey), I: 50-83; III: 676-683.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  16. GRIEVE. (1984). A modern herbal, Penguin, ISBN 0-14-046-440-9.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  17. Guedon, D.J., and Pasquier, B.P. (1994). Analysis and distribution of flavonoid glycosides and rosmarinic acid in 40 Mentha x piperita clones. J. Agric. Food Chem. 42 (3), 679–684.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  18. Guimarães R, Barreira J, Barros L, Carvalho AM, Ferreira IC. (2011). Effects of oral dosage form and storage period on the antioxidant properties of four species used in traditional herbal medicine. Phytother Res 25: 484-492.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  19. Gulluce, M., Sahin, F., Sokmen, M., Ozer, H., Daferera, D., Sokmen, A., Polissiou, M., Adiguzel, A., and Ozkan, H. (2007). Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the essential oils and methanol extract from Mentha Longifolia L. Ssp. Longifolia. Food Chem. 103 (4), 1449–1456.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  20. Hajlaoui H, Trabelsi N, Noumi E, Snoussi M, Fallah H. (2009). Biological activities of the essential oils and methanol extract of two cultivated mint species (Mentha longifolia and Mentha pulegium) used in the Tunisian folkloric medicine. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 25: 2227-2238.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  21. Han, X., Shen, T., Lou, H. (2007). Dietary polyphenols and their biological significance. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 8, 950–988.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  22. Herrlinger KA, Lewis BJ, Lasrado JA, Sanoshy KD, Baldwin JM, Mah E, et al. Acute effects of a proprietary spearmint extract on cognition in healthy men and women. Soc Neurosci 2016; 88(27).
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  23. http://www.mountainroseherbs.com/spearmint.php, (2010).
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  24. Husain A, Janardhanan KK. (1965). Stolon rot of Japanese mint. Curr Sci 34: 156-157.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  25. Hussain AI, Anwar F, Nigam PS, Ashraf M, Gilani AH. (2010).
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  26. Igoumenidis PE, Lekka EG, Karathanos VT. (2016). Fortification of white milled rice with phytochemicals during cooking in aqueous extract of Mentha spicata leaves. An adsorption studies. LWT-Food Sci Technol 65: 589-596.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  27. Inoue, T., Sugimoto, Y., Masuda, H., Kamei, C. (2002). Antiallergic effect of flavonoid glycosides obtained from Mentha piperita L. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 25 (2), 256–259.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  28. Jirovetz L, Buchbauer G, Shahabi M, Ngassoum MB. (2002). Comparative investigations of the essential oil and volatiles of spearmint. Perfume Flavor 27: 16-22.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  29. Jonker C, Geerlings MI, Schmand B. (2000). Are memory complaints predictive for dementia? A review of clinical and population-based studies. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 15:983-991.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  30. Kanatt SR, Chander R, Sharma A. (2007). Antioxidant potential of mint (Mentha spicata L.) in radiation-processed lamb meat. Food Chem 100: 451-458.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  31. Kiselova Y, Ivanova D, Chervenkov T, Gerova D, Galunska B. (2006). Correlation between the in vitro antioxidant activity and polyphenol content of aqueous extracts from Bulgarian herbs. Phytother Res 20: 961-965.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  32. Kizil S, Hasimi N, Tolan V, Kilinc E, Yuksel U. (2010). Mineral content, essential oil components, and biological activity of two mentha species (M. Piperita L, M. spicata L.). Turk J Field Crops 15: 148-153.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  33. Klinkenberg I, Sambeth A, and Blokland A. Acetylcholine and attention. Behav Brain Res 2011; 221:430–442.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  34. Kosar, M., Dorman, H.D., Can Baser, K.H., Hiltunen, R. (2004). Screening of free radical scavenging compounds in water extracts of Mentha samples using a postcolumn derivatization method. J. Agric. Food Chem. 52 (16), 5004–5010.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  35. Kristin M.N., Kristen D.S., Letizia B., Arianne L.S., Kathleen M.K., Andrea L.L., Michael A.C., Kevin C.M., Daniele D.R., Kelli A.H. (2015). Tolerance, bioavailability, and potential cognitive health implications of a distinct aqueous spearmint extract. Functional Foods in Health and Disease 2015; 5(5):165-187.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  36. Kumar P, Mishra S, Malik A, Satya S. (2011). Insecticidal properties of Mentha species: a review. Indus. Crops Prod 34: 802-817.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  37. Lawrence BM. (2006). Mint: the genus Mentha. CRC Press.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  38. Lawrence, B.M. (2007). Mint. The Genus Mentha. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, New York.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  39. LUST J. (1983). The herb book, Banton books ISBN 0-553-23827-2.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  40. Mata AT, Proença C, Ferreira AR, Serralheiro MLM, Nogueira JMF. (2007). Antioxidant and anti acetylcholinesterase activities of five plants used as Portuguese food spices. Food Chem 103: 778-786.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  41. McKay, D.L., and Blumberg, J.B. (2006). A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of peppermint tea (Mentha piperita L.). Phytother. Res. 20 (8), 619–633.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  42. Nieman KM, Sanoshy KD, Bresciani L, Schild AL, Kelley KM, Lawless AL. (2015). Tolerance, bioavailability, and potential cognitive health implications of a distinct aqueous spearmint extract. Funct Foods Health Dis 2015; 5:165–187.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  43. Özer H, Sökmen M, Güllüce M, Adigüzel A, Sahin F. (2007). Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oil and methanol extract of Hippomarathrum mirocarpum (Bieb.) from Turkey. J Agric Food Chem 55: 937-942.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  44. Park KJ, Vohnikova Z, Brod FPR. (2002). Evaluation of drying parameters and desorption isotherms of garden mint leaves (Mentha crispa L.). J Food Eng 51: 193- 199.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  45. Paul H. Falcone, Kristin M. Nieman, Aaron. Tribby, Roxanne M. Vogel, Jordan M. Joy, Jordan R. Moona, Chantelle A. Slaytona, Micah M. Henigmana, Joanne A. Lasrado , Brandon J.Lewis , Brenda. Fonsecab, Kelli. Herrlinger. (2018). The attention-enhancing effects of spearmint extract supplementation in healthy men and women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2018.11.012
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  46. Peter KV. (2006). Handbook of herbs and spices (Vol. 3). The composition of commercially important mints.Mint: Genus Mentha. Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL, pp: 88-89.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  47. Ramesh, S.Y., Sandeep, K., and Anupam, D. (2006). Antifungal properties of essential oil of Mentha Spicata L. var. MSS-5. Indian J. Crop Sci. 1 (1–2), 197–200.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  48. Sacchetti G, Maietti S, Muzzoli M, Scaglianti M, Manfredin S. (2005). Comparative evaluation of essential oils of different origin as functional antioxidants, antiradicals, and antimicrobials in foods. Food Chemistry 91: 621-632.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  49. Samarth RM, Kumar A. (2003). Mentha piperita (Linn.) leaf extract provides protection against radiation-induced chromosomal damage in the bone marrow of mice. Indian J Exp Biol 41: 229-237.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  50. Sarter M, Givens B, Bruno JP. (2001). The cognitive neuroscience of sustained attention: where top-down meets bottom-up. Brain Res Rev 2001; 35:146–160.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  51. Scherer R, Lemos MF, Lemos MF, Martinelli GC, Martins JDL. (2013). Antioxidant and antibacterial activities and composition of Brazilian spearmint (Mentha spicata L.). Indus. Crops Prod 50: 408-413.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  52. Shahbazi Y. (2015). Chemical Composition and In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Mentha spicata Essential Oil against Common Food-Borne Pathogenic Bacteria. J Pathog 2015: 5.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  53. Shen, D., Pan, M.H., Wu, Q.L., Park, C.H., Juliani, H.R., Ho, C.T., and Simon, J.E. (2011). A rapid LC/MS/MS method for the analysis of nonvolatile antiinflammatory agents from Mentha spp. J. Food Sci. 76 (6), C900–C908.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  54. Singh R, Shushni MA, Belkheir A. (2015). Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Mentha piperita L. Arab J Chem 8: 322-328.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  55. Sulieman AME, Abdelrahman SE, Rahim AMA. (2011). Phytochemical analysis of local Spearmint (Mentha spicata) leaves and detection of the antimicrobial activity of its oil. J Microbiol Res 1: 1-4.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  56. Tang, K.S., and Konczak, I., Zhao, J. (2016). Identification and quantification of phenolics in Australian native mint (Mentha australis R. Br.). Food Chem. 192, 698–705.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  57. Tetik F, Civelek S, Cakilcioglu U. (2013). Traditional uses of some medicinal plants in Malatya (Turkey). J Ethnopharmacol 146: 331-346.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  58. Tognolini M, Barocelli E, Ballabeni V, Bruni R, Bianchi. (2006). Comparative screening of plant essential oils: phenylpropanoid moiety as basic core for antiplatelet activity. Life Sci 78: 1419-1432.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  59. Tyagi AK, Malik A. (2011). Antimicrobial potential and chemical composition of Mentha piperita oil in liquid and vapour phase against food spoiling microorganisms. Food Control 22: 1707-1714.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  60. Wang H., Provan G.J., and Helliwell, K. (2004). Determination of rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid in aromatic herbs by HPLC. Food Chem. 87 (2), 307–311.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  61. Yin G, Li YM, Wei W, Jiang SH, Du WH. Interactions of acetylcholinesterase with salvianolic acid B and rosmarinic acid from Salvia miltiorhiza water extract investigated by NMR relaxation rate. Chin Chem Lett 2008; 19:747–751.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  62. Zheng W., and Wang S.Y. (2001). Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in selected herbs. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49 (11), 5165–5170.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar

Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.

img

Virginia E. Koenig

Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.

img

Delcio G Silva Junior

Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.

img

Ziemlé Clément Méda

Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.

img

Mina Sherif Soliman Georgy

We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.

img

Layla Shojaie

The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.

img

Sing-yung Wu

Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.

img

Orlando Villarreal

Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.

img

Katarzyna Byczkowska

Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.

img

Anthony Kodzo-Grey Venyo

Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.

img

Pedro Marques Gomes

Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.

img

Bernard Terkimbi Utoo

This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.

img

Prof Sherif W Mansour

Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.

img

Hao Jiang

As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.

img

Dr Shiming Tang

Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.

img

Raed Mualem

International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.

img

Andreas Filippaios

Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.

img

Dr Suramya Dhamija

Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.

img

Bruno Chauffert

I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!

img

Baheci Selen

"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".

img

Jesus Simal-Gandara

I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.

img

Douglas Miyazaki

We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.

img

Dr Griffith

I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.

img

Dr Tong Ming Liu

I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.

img

Husain Taha Radhi

I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.

img

S Munshi

Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.

img

Tania Munoz

“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.

img

George Varvatsoulias

Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.

img

Rui Tao

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.

img

Khurram Arshad

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.

img

Gomez Barriga Maria Dolores

The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.

img

Lin Shaw Chin

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.

img

Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.

img

Dr Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.

img

Dr Maria Regina Penchyna Nieto

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.

img

Dr Marcelo Flavio Gomes Jardim Filho

Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”

img

Zsuzsanna Bene

Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner

img

Dr Susan Weiner

My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.

img

Lin-Show Chin

My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.

img

Sonila Qirko

My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.

img

Luiz Sellmann