AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Research Article
*Corresponding Author: Isezuo KO, Department of Paediatrics, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto
Citation: Isezuo KO., Sani UM., Waziri UM., Garba BI., Adamu A., et al (2021) Pattern of Congenital Heart Diseases in Children with Congenital Malformations: An Echocardiographic study from a Tertiary Health facility in Sokoto, Nigeria. J. Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, 4(7); Doi:10.31579/2641-0419/143
Copyright: © 2021 Isezuo KO, This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 12 February 2021 | Accepted: 30 March 2021 | Published: 08 April 2021
Keywords: congenital malformations; congenital heart disease; echocardiography; pattern
Background: Children with congenital malformations (CM) may have congenital heart diseases (CHDs) which may be initially asymptomatic. These need to be recognised and managed early in order to reduce unnecessary morbidity in affected patients. We report the pattern of CHDs in children with congenital malformations who had echocardiography over a one year period in UDUTH, Sokoto.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out in the Paediatric Cardiology Unit from 1st January to 31st December 2019. Children presenting with CM were recruited and had echocardiagraphic screening for CHDs. Data were analysed with SPSS 23 version. Statistical significance was taken at p < 0.05.
Results: 81 children were seen with CM, comprising 42 females and 39 males (M:F=0.93:1); age range of 2 days to 13 years. Most frequent malformationswere anorectal malformations (ARM) in 28 (34.6%), Down syndrome in 17 (21.0%), multiple CM 10 (8.1%) and ocular abnormalities in 4 (4.9%). Thirty two (39.5%) of the patients with CM were diagnosed with CHD, out of which 24 (29.6%) had cardiac murmur. Most frequent CHD was atrioventricular septal defect in 9 (28.1%) followed by ventricular septal defect in 8 (25.0%) and patent arterial duct in 4 (12.5%). CHDs were found in all (100%) those with ocular abnormalities, in 76.5% of Down syndrome and in 14.3% of patients with ARM. Presence of murmur was significantly associated with CHD (χ2=18.0; p=0.001; OR=8.2; 95% C.1=2.8 – 24.1).
Conclusion: Congenital malformations, particularly Down syndrome and ocular abnormalities, are significantly associated with CHDs. Cardiac murmurs were suggestive of CHD in children with congenital malformations.
Congenital malformations (CM) are structural abnormalities or conditions that arise in the fetus conesquent to preconceptional and intragestational factors and are present at birth, but can also be diagnosed prenatally or much later in life. [1] Congenital malformations are permanent changes produced by an intrinsic abnormality in the development of a body structure prenatally. [1] Congenital malformations can potentially affect the childs health, development and survival because they can be associated with abnormalities in many body systems including congenital heart disease (CHD). [2]
Congenital heart diseases (CHD) consist of defects of the cardiac architecture which interfere with the venous drainage, septation of the cardiac segments and their sequences and regular function of the valve apparatuses. [3]
Some Congenital malformations may require emergent surgical intervention and the presence of a comorbid cardiac defect may be an anaesthetic risk. [2]Such risks may warrant delay of surgical inteventions if echocardiography is not available to rule out significant CHD. [4]These need to be recognised and managed early in order to reduce unnecessary morbidity in affected patients.
Screening such children for CHD is therefore important and those conditions more frequently associated with CHD must be recognized clinically by presence or absence of symptoms and signs of cardiac disease. The aim of the study was to ascertain the proportion and types of CHD in children with external Congenital malformations and compare with their cardiac symptoms.
Materials and Methods
This study was carried out in the Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Paediatrics department of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto which is the major tertiary health facility in Sokoto State. The unit receives referrals of children with cardiac conditions from other units within the department and hospital as well as other health facilities within and outside the state and neighbouring border countries in the West African sub-region.
It was a cross-sectional study of children aged 15 years and below presenting to the Paediatric Cardiology Unit between January 2019 to December 2019. Children presenting with external Congenital malformations were recruited and had echocardiagraphic screening for CHDs.
Sampling method: Universal sampling method was used.
Inclusion criteria: All children presenting with major external congenital malformations that gave informed consent shall be recruited.
Exclusion criteria: Those who were very ill, limiting full examination for congenital and screening echo.
Case definition: Visible external congenital malformations affecting 1 or more systems OR >2 minor malformations as defined in the CDC checklist of surveillance of birth defects. [5]
The specific type of Congenital malformations which was the reason for their echo request was additionally confirmed before echocardiography by a complete physical examination.
Echocardiography: Cardiac diagnosis was done using two- dimensional and Doppler transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Patients were examined in the supine and left lateral positions. The younger ones who were not cooperative were distracted with colourful toys and other techniques with the participation of the parents. The heart was examined through the standard parasternal, apical, subcostal, and suprasternal views using the Hewlett Packard Sonos 5500 echocardiography machine (Bloomfield CT 06002, USA) and 8MHz transducer.
The specific echocardiographic diagnosis was confirmed by 2 or 3 independent echocardiographers with complete agreement in all the cases.
Data Collection: A structured proforma was used to collect their demographic characteristics including age, gender, social status of the parents. The cardiac diagnosis at echocardiography was also recorded.
Ethical issues: Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Ethics and Research Committee of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto (UDUTH/HREC/2021/1023/V1) while consent was obtained from the parents of the children. Confidentiality was maintained as well as privacy.
All relevant data were entered into a proforma sheet then analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 23. Quantitative data were expressed as means and standard deviation while categorical variables were expressed as proportions. Chi-square or where necessary, Fisher’s Exact test, was used to test for statistical significance. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Eighty-one children were seen with external Congenital malformations, comprising 42 females and 39 males (M:F= 0.93:1); age range of 2 days to 13 years.
Most frequent malformations were anorectal malformations (ARM) in 28 (34.6%), Down syndrome in 17 (21.0%), multiple anomalies 10 (8.1%), isolated anomalies 22 (27.1%) and ocular abnormalities (cataract) in 4 (4.9%) (Table 1).
The source of referral of the cases of CM was mainly from the Paediatric surgical unit, followed by Paediatric neurology and Neonatalogy. (Figure 1)
Of the 81 patients with CM, 32 (39.5%)were diagnosed with CHD while 49 (60.5%) did not have CHD. CHDs were found in all (100%) those with ocular abnormalities,in 76.5% of Down syndrome and in 14.3% of patients with ARM. Table 2 shows there was a high association of CM with CHD with ocular abnormalities and Down syndrome. For those with multiple CM, 50% had CHD, while CHD was completely absent in polydactyly and encephalocele.
Most frequent CHD was atrioventricular septal defect9 (28.1%) followed by ventricular septal defect 8 (25.0%) and patent arterial duct 4 (12.5%). AVSD occurred predominantly in Down syndrome while PDA occurred predominantly in those with ocular abnormalities. Majority had acyanotic CHD (87.5%) while 4 had cyanotic CHD (12.5%) of which 3 had multiple CM.
Majority 22 (68.8%) of those with CHD were asymptomatic while other symptoms detected were fast breathing 6 (18.8%), poor growth 3 (9.3%) and chest bulge 1 (3.1%).
The presence of cardiac murmur on auscultation was also examined for associationwith eventual diagnosis of CHD. Out of the total of 81 patients with CM, 24 (29.6%) had cardiac murmur. Presence of murmur was significantly associated with CHD (χ2= 18.0; p=0.001; OR=8.2; 95% C.1=2.8 – 24.1) (Table 4).
Table 2: Frequency of occurrence CHD in different CM
Most frequent CHD was atrioventricular septal defect9 (28.1%) followed by ventricular septal defect 8 (25.0%) and patent arterial duct 4 (12.5%). AVSD occurred predominantly in Down syndrome while PDA occurred predominantly in those with ocular abnormalities. Majority had acyanotic CHD (87.5%) while 4 had cyanotic CHD (12.5%) of which 3 had multiple CM.
Table 3: Showing type of CHD seen in the different types of external CM
ARM was the commonest CM presenting for echocardiography in this study and this is consistent with a report by Lawal which was an overview of studies from all over Africa where ARM has been documented to be the most common structural occuring in children. [6] This is unlike the finding in a similar echocardiographic study by Oyati et al from Zaria, Nigeria, [7] located within the same northwestern region as the study area, where cleft lip and palate was the commonest surgical anomaly (38.3%), followed by ano-rectal malformation (26.7%). In this study, cleft lip was seen only in one child co-existing with other multiple major anomalies. The relative paucity of facial clefts among our cohort could be due to the presence of a facility in the study area which is specifically dedicated to catering for congenital and acquired facial clefts. [8] Another study by Ekure [9] showed that Down syndrome as the commonest CM presenting for echocardiography accounting for more than half (53.4%) of those presenting with CM while in this study Down syndrome was the 2nd commonest indication.
CHD was detected in 39.5% of our cases similar to 35% reported by Oyati. [7] The study by Ekure also showed a much higher figure of 73% having CHD as most of their patient cohort there had recognizable syndromes associated with CHD. [9] The commonest anomaly in our study was AVSD while in the Zaria and Lagos studies, [7,9] it was ASD and VSD respectively reflecting probably the different proportions of the anomalies.
The incidence of CHD in ARM, the commonest CM in this study appeared low (14.3%) compared to other reports like that of Kamal and Azhar [10] who reported the occurrence of CHD in 24.6% patients and Hashemizadeh [10]from Turkey reported 23.7% incidence of CHD among cases of ARM. Two studies from Iran revealed similar higher incidence rate of CHD of 30% and 50.4% in newborns with ARM. [11,12] Half of the patients with ARM in this study had ASD which has also been reported as the most prevalent CHD in those with ARM in other studies as they usually have less of complex CHD. [11,12] This is of import as opined by Nasr et al who examined records to ascertain if routine echocardiography is necessary for all neonates with some CM or if appropriate patients who are not at risk could be selected without preoperative echocardiography. [13]
The commonest CHD in those with DS was AVSD which is seen associated with this anomaly in several reports. [14-16] Also, all those with ocular anomalies had CHD which wasmainly PDA which could be due to genetic causes. [17-18] Two of the ocular anomalies were cataracts which is associated with Congenital rubella syndrome of which the cardiac component is PDA. A study in Italy has reported significant association between ocular anomalies and CHD. [19]
Although, majority of the patients seen were asymptomatic, those who had detectable cardiac murmurs eventually turned out positive for CHD. However, some did not also have any murmur and were diagnosed with complex defects. Some authors have opined for routine screening for all those with CM due to observations of increased morbidity and mortality with combined malformations, [20,21] while others suggest that in emergency conditions, pre-operative echo may not be absolute if not available especially in a CM not commonly associated with CHD. [4]
Congenital malformations, particularly Down syndrome and ocular abnormalities, are commonly associated with CHDs. ARM has a relatively low incidence of CHD, which were not complex defects. Cardiac murmurs were suggestive of CHD in children with congenital malformations. However, due to significant number who were asymptomatic that were still diagnosed with CHD, it is importance that all children with CM should be screened for CHD.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
