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Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2637-8914/187
1 Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Medical Sciences, PMB 536 Ondo-City, Ondo State, Nigeria
2 Department of Chemistry, University of Medical Sciences, PMB 536 Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria.
3 Department of Biochemistry, University of Medical Sciences, PMB 536 Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria.
4 Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic PMB 1019 Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria.
*Corresponding Author: Jacob Olalekan Arawande, Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Medical Sciences, PMB 536 Ondo-City, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Citation: Jacob O. Arawande, Olamide R. Orimoloye, Adekemi R. Adeleke, Mulikat A. Adewole, Adenirann O. Aladejimokun, et al, (2024), Phytochemical Screening and Quantitative Determination of Antioxidant Properties of Watermelon Rinds and Seeds, J. Nutrition and Food Processing, 7(1); DOI:10.31579/2637-8914/187
Copyright: © 2024, Jacob Olalekan Arawande. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 20 November 2023 | Accepted: 19 January 2024 | Published: 30 January 2024
Keywords: phytochemicals; antioxidant properties; solvent extracts; watermelon rinds and seeds
Abstract:
In this present age of food insecurity, it is essential to source for agricultural waste that can be nutritionally beneficial to humans and animals. Watermelon rinds and seeds are regarded as agricultural wastes which need to be utilized for human and animal nutrition. This research work is aimed at examining the extractive values, qualitative and quantitative determination of phytochemicals and antioxidants properties in watermelon rinds and seeds and their solvent extracts using six different solvents. The rinds and seeds of watermelon fruits were obtained, rinsed, cut into smaller pieces, air-dried, ground into powdery sample, and sieved with 40 mm mesh size. 20 g each of sample was extracted using 200 mL of six different solvents (acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol and water) for 72 h. Each solvent extract was screened for twelve phytochemicals (flavonoid, phenol, reducing sugar, tannin, saponin, alkaloid, volatile oil, quinone, cardiac glycoside terpenoids, steroids and phlobatannin). The extractive values of watermelon rinds ranged from 1.51±0.26% to 13.56±0.20% while that of watermelon seeds ranged from 3.54±0.16% to 10.17±0.19% in all the six solvents used. Acetone and methanol had the higher extractable phytochemicals (41.67%) in watermelon rinds while methanol, ethyl acetate and ethanol (58.33 – 66.67%) had the highest extractable phytochemicals in watermelon seeds. Water and methanol extracts of watermelon rinds had higher total phenol, DPPH and Iron (Fe2+) chelation assay than raw sample of watermelon rinds. Water and methanol extracts of watermelon rinds had higher iron (Fe2+) chelation assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) than raw sample of watermelon seeds. Methanol extract of watermelon seeds had higher total flavonoid, total phenol and DPPH than raw sample of watermelon seeds.
Watermelon belongs to the cucurbitaceae or gourd family. It is an herbaceous trailing plant with stems as long as 400 cm. the roots are shallow (40-50 cm) and extensive (60-90 cm), with taproot and many lateral roots (ITFNET, 2021). Temperature range of 24-27 0C is considered as optimum for the growth of the vines (Kumar et al, 2020). They are characterized by five-angled stems, coiled tendrils, and alternate leaves. Curcurbits are usually monoecious meaning they produce separate male and female flowers on the same plant (IUE, 2021). The juice or pulp from watermelon is used for human consumption while rind and seeds are major solid wastes. Different carotenoids patterns were observed in red-fleshed and yellow-fleshed watermelon. The red-fleshed watermelon varieties contain high lycopene and varying amount of β-carotene (Tadmor et al. 2005). Watermelon is a warm season crop grown mainly in sub-tropical and hot-arid regions. It requires a long growing season in the subtropics, but fast growing in the tropical regions (ITFNET, 2021). Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) botanically considered as the fruit is belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae (Edwards et al., 2003). Watermelon rind is also high in citrulline, an amino acid the body uses to make another amino acid, arginine (used in the urea cycle to remove ammonia from the body). Watermelon seeds are known to be highly nutritional; they are rich sources of protein, vitamins B, minerals and fat among others as well as phytochemicals (Braide et al., 2012).
Watermelon plants need a long and warm growing season of at least 70 to 85 days, depending on the variety to produce sweet fruit (Almanac, 2021). Watermelon plants need an area with full sun to develop completely. Watermelon grows best in fertile, well-draining, sandy loam soils (UIE, 2021). Most soils benefit from incorporating a few inches of organic compost before planting and some fertilizer as well. Watermelon plants need lots of space to grow and spread out (UIE, 2021). Watermelon is drought tolerant because it has a deep-root system. They can thrive in both humid and semi-arid environments but may develop fungal foliage diseases in humid areas more frequently than in dry areas. They grow best when day time temperatures fall between70-80 oF and nighttime temperatures fall between 65-70 oF. Watermelon are planted preferably in a soil between pH 6.0-7.0 which makes it slightly acidic (Almanac, 2021). It can also tolerate a pH of 5.5-7.5 (Tropical, 2021).
Watermelons are used for a variety of purposes and some of the traditional uses of watermelon include using the seeds in treatment of urinary tract infections, bed wetting, dropsy and renal stones., watermelon rinds are fermented, blended and consumed as juice and its high antioxidant activities have been reported on food products via microbial fermentation (Oseni and Okoye, 2013; Salah et al., 1995), watermelon leaves are being cooked and used as vegetables (Tropical. 2021), extracting edible oil from water melon seeds (Facciola, 1990)., utilizing watermelon seed in cosmetics, for making soap and for lighting (Rosengarten, 1984). Face masks made from the fruit are used as a cosmetic on delicate skins (Chiej, 1984), and using emulsion of the seeds and crushed leaves as an excellent cataplasm anti-inflammatory agent in treatment for intestinal inflammation (DeFilipps et al., 2021).
There is very limited literature available on the types of phytochemicals and the antioxidant properties present in the watermelon rinds and seeds. The phytochemical screening and antioxidant properties on rinds and seeds of watermelon are usually limited to about two solvent extracts. The extraction of high-value bioactive compounds from watermelon rinds and seeds may lead to the development of new agro-waste-based industries which can create employment. Hence the focus of this research is to determine the solvent extractive values using six different solvents (chloroform, acetone, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol and water), phytochemicals in each of the solvent extracts of watermelon seed and rinds as well as determining the antioxidant properties of two extracts with highest extractive values of watermelon seeds and rinds.
Preparation and extraction of water melon rinds and seeds
Water melon rinds and seeds were separately obtained and cut into smaller pieces for easy air-drying. The dried samples were ground separately using electric blending machine (Solitarire Mixer Grinder VTCL Heavy Duty 750 Watts) and each part was sieved with 40 mm mesh size. Each of the powdered samples was divided into portions, packed in air tight containers labelled appropriately prior to extraction. 20 g of each sample was extracted separately with 200 mL of each solvent (acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol and water) for 72 h during which it was intermittently shaken on a shaking orbit machine. The resulting mixture was filtered through a 0.45 μm nylon membrane filter. The extracts were desolventised to dryness under reduced pressure at 40 oC by a rotary evaporator (BUCHI Rotavapor, Model R-124, Germany). The extractive values of the solvent were calculated and the dry extracts were stored in a refrigerator (4 0C) prior to analysis (Arawande et al., 2021; Arawande and Aderibigbe, 2020; Bopitiya and Madhujith, 2014).
Phytochemical screening of solvent-extracts of water melon rinds and seeds
The phytochemicals were qualitatively determined using standard methods described by Trease and Evans, 1989; Evans, 2002 and Sofowora, 2008.
Test for tannin
About 0.2 g of the extract was taken and 2 mL of 10
Statistical significance tests were performed using SPSS (v. 20, IBM SPSS Statistics, US) at p < 0>
Note: * = Result values are expressed as mean value of triplicate determinations ± standard mean deviation Different letter in the same column showed significant difference (p<0>
Table 1: Percentage yield of solvent extracts of water melon rinds and seeds
Percentage yield of solvent extracts of water melon rinds and seeds is presented in Table 1. The percentage yield of watermelon rinds was 13.56±0.20 in methanol, 11.21±0.22 in water, 8.70±0.20 in ethyl acetate, 7.34±0.34 in ethanol, 5.33±0.19 in acetone and 1.51±0.26 in chloroform. The percentage yield of watermelon seeds was 11.02±0.18 in chloroform, 10.17±0.19 in methanol, 9.59±0.35 in water, 5.30±0.31 in ethyl acetate, 3.64±0.40 in ethanol and 3.54±0.16 in acetone. There was no significant difference (P˂0.05) in extractive values of methanol and water of watermelon rinds. In similar vein, there was no significant difference (P˂0.05) in extractive values of ethanol and ethyl acetate of watermelon rinds. For watermelon seeds, there was no significant difference (P˂0.05) in extractive values of methanol, water and chloroform. There was no significant difference (P˂0.05) in extractive values of acetone and ethanol. There was high extractive values in methanol and water extracts of watermelon rinds but its chloroform extract had the lowest extractive value. Hence methanol and water were very good solvents in extracting bioactive ingredients from watermelon rinds. There was high extractive values in chloroform, methanol and water extracts of watermelon seeds but its acetone extract had the lowest extractive value. Chloroform, methanol and water were potent solvents for extraction of phytochemicals from watermelon seeds. Extractive value of solvents is an index of the potency of solvents to extract bioactive components of any living organism either plant or animal. The extractive value of solvent is a measure of the capacity of the solvent to extract bioactive ingredients from a given organic material (Arawande et al., 2018). The solvent ability in obtaining extract from watermelon rinds decreases in order: methanol > water > ethyl acetate > ethanol > acetone > chloroform while that of watermelon seeds decreases in order: chloroform>methanol > water > ethyl acetate > ethanol > acetone. The selection of solvent system for extraction largely depends on the specific nature of the bioactive compound being targeted. Also, different solvent systems are available to extract the bioactive compound from natural products. Extraction efficiency is affected by the chemical nature of phytochemicals, the extraction method used, sample particle size, the solvent used, as well as the presence of interfering substances. Under the same extraction time and temperature, solvent and composition of sample are known as the most important parameters (Arawande et al., 2023; Alachaher, et al. 2018).
| Solvent Extracts | ||||||
| Phytochemical | Acetone | Chloroform | Ethanol | Ethyl acetate | Methanol | Water |
| Alkaloid | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Flavonoid | + | - | - | + | - | - |
| Saponin | + | - | - | - | - | + |
| Cardiac glycoside | - | - | - | - | + | - |
| Reducing sugar | + | - | - | + | + | + |
| Tannin | - | - | - | - | + | - |
| Quinone | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Volatile oil | + | + | + | + | - | - |
| Phenol | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Terpenoids | - | - | - | - | + | + |
| Phlobatannin | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Steroid %Phytochemical extractable | - 41.67 | + 25.00 | - 16.67 | - 33.33 | - 41.67 | - 33.33 |
KEY: (+) =Present (-) =Absent
Table 2: Qualitative phytochemical screening of solvent extracts of watermelon rinds
Qualitative phytochemical screening of solvent extracts of watermelon rind was depicted in Table 2. There were twelve phytochemicals screened for in six different solvent extracts. The acetone extracts of the watermelon rinds showed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoids, saponin, reducing sugar and volatile oil. Chloroform extracts of watermelon rinds showed the presence of alkaloid, volatile oil and steroid. It was only alkaloid and volatile oil that were present in ethanol extract of watermelon rinds. Ethyl acetate extract of watermelon rinds contained alkaloids, flavonoid, reducing sugar and volatile oil. Water extract of watermelon rinds had alkaloid, saponin, cardiac glycoside, reducing sugar and terpenoids. For the methanol extracts of watermelon rinds, there were alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugar, tannin and terpenoids present. Acetone and methanol extracts had 41.67% phytochemical extractable while ethyl acetate and water had 33.33% phytochemical extractable. Ethanol and chloroform extracts has the lowest phytochemicals extractable among the five solvents used. The percentage phytochemical extractable were 16.67% and 25.00% in ethanol and chloroform respectively.
| Solvent Extracts | ||||||
| Phytochemical | Acetone | Chloroform | Ethanol | Ethyl acetate | Methanol | Water |
| Alkaloid | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Flavonoid | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Saponin | - | - | + | + | + | - |
| Cardiac glycoside | + | + | + | + | + | - |
| Reducing sugar | + | + | + | + | + | - |
| Tannin | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Quinone | + | - | + | + | + | - |
| Volatile oil | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Phenol | - | - | - | - | + | - |
| Terpenoids | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Phlobatannin | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Steroid %Phytochemical extractable | + 50.00 | + 41.67 | + 58.33 | + 58.33 | + 66.67 | - 16.67 |
KEY: (+) =Present (-) =Absent
Table 3: Qualitative phytochemical screening of solvent extracts of watermelon seeds
Qualitative phytochemical screening of solvent extracts of water melon seeds is presented in Table 3. There were twelve phytochemicals screened for in six different solvent extracts. Acetone extract of watermelon seeds contained alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugar, quinone, terpenoids and steroid; this amounted to 50% phytochemical extractable. There were presence of alkaloid, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugar, terpenoids and steroids in chloroform extract of watermelon seeds and this accounted for 41.67% extractable phytochemicals. Ethanol extract of watermelon seeds showed the presence of alkaloids, saponin, cardiac glycoside, reducing sugar, quinone, terpenoids, and steroids. There was 58.33% phytochemical extractable in ethanol extract of watermelon seeds. The ethyl acetate extract of watermelon seeds contained alkaloids, saponin, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugar, quinone, terpenoids, and steroids. There was 58.33% phytochemical extractable in ethyl acetate extract of watermelon seeds. There was presence of alkaloids, saponin, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugar, tannin, quinone, phenol, terpenoids and steroids in methanol extract of watermelon seeds and this gave 66.67% phytochemical extractable. The water extract of watermelon seeds contained only alkaloids and terpenoids and this amounted to 16.67% phytochemical extractable. It was obvious that methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate had the highest values of phytochemical extractable while water showed the lowest phytochemical extractable in watermelon seeds.
| Antioxidant Properties | Watermelon Rinds * | ||
| Raw Sample | Methanol extract | Water extract | |
| Total flavonoid (mg/100g) | 0.040b±0.002 | 0.020a±0.001 | 0.020a±0.001 |
| Total Phenol (mg/100g) | 0.060b±0.004 | 0.110 a±0.003 | 0.180a±0.007 |
| DPPH (%) | 79.210ab±0.391 | 94.950b±0.611 | 85.730a±0.232 |
| Iron (Fe2+) chelation assay (%) | 20.558b±0.109 | 21.357a±0.190 | 35.728a±0.228 |
| Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (Garlic Acid Equivalent) | 0.251b±0.014 | 0.555a±0.008 | 0.220b±0.011 |
NOTE * = Result values are expressed as mean value of triplicate determinations ± standard mean deviation Different letter in the same row showed significant difference (p<0>
Table 4: Antioxidant properties of watermelon rinds
Antioxidant properties of water melon rinds is shown in Table 4. The table contains the antioxidant properties of raw, methanol extract and water extract of watermelon rinds. The antioxidant properties considered were total flavonoid, total phenol, DPPH, iron (Fe2+) chelation assay, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)
The concentration of total flavonoid (mg/100g) ranged between 0.020±0.001 and 0.040±0.002 in the watermelon rinds. The powdered raw sample had total flavonoid of 0.040±0.002 mg/100g and that of methanol and water extracts was 0.020±0.001 mg/100g. The total phenol content (mg/100g) of watermelon rinds was between 0.060±0.004 and 0.180±0.007. The highest value was for water extract while the lowest value was for raw sample of watermelon rinds and that of methanol extract was 0.110±0.003.The radical scavenging activity of watermelon rinds was measured using the DPPH radical assay. 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging (%) of watermelon rinds ranged between 79.210±0.391 and 94.950±0.611. The DPPH value was highest in methanol extract and least in raw sample while it was 85.730±0.232% in water extract of watermelon rinds. The iron chelating power (%) ranged between 20.558±0.109 and 35.728±0.228 with highest value in water extract and the least value in raw sample of watermelon rinds; and it was 21.357±0.190 in methanol extract. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (Garlic Acid Equivalent (GAE)) of watermelon rinds had the highest (0.555±0.008) in methanol extract and lowest value (0.220±0.011) in water extract while it was 0.251±0.014 in raw sample. The reducing capacity of a compound may serve as an important indicator of its potential antioxidant activity (Ho et al., 2012). There was no significant difference (P˂0.05) in total flavonoid, total phenol, Iron (Fe2+) chelation assay of methanol and water extracts of watermelon rinds. There was no significant difference (P˂0.05) in Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (Garlic Acid Equivalent) of raw sample and water extract of watermelon rinds. Water and methanol extracts of watermelon rinds had higher total phenol, DPPH and Iron (Fe2+) chelation assay than raw sample of watermelon rinds
| Antioxidant Properties | Watermelon Seeds * | ||
| Raw Sample | Chloroform extract | Methanol extract | |
| Total flavonoid (mg/100g) | 0.130b±0.000 | 0.030a±0.001 | 0.430a±0.002 |
| Total Phenol (mg/100g) | 0.050b±0.001 | 0.050a±0.000 | 0.250a±0.012 |
| DPPH (%) | 92.660ab±0.119 | 92.418b±0.110 | 96.310a±0.213 |
| Iron (Fe2+) chelation assay (%) | 14.571b±0.101 | 26.946ab±0.119 | 35.529a±0.221 |
| Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (Garlic Acid Equivalent) | 0.230b±0.010 | 0.831a±0.085 | 1.110a±0.010 |
NOTE * = Result values are expressed as mean value of triplicate determinations ± standard mean deviation Different letter in the same row showed significant difference (p<0>
Table 5: Antioxidant properties of watermelon seeds
Antioxidant properties of watermelon seeds is presented in Table 5. The table contains the antioxidant properties of raw, chloroform extract and water extract of watermelon rinds. The antioxidant properties considered were total flavonoid, total phenol, DPPH, iron (Fe2+) chelation assay, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The concentration of total flavonoid (mg/100g) ranged between 0.130±0.000 and 0.430±0.002 in the watermelon seeds. The total flavonoid (mg/100g) of raw sample, chloroform and methanol extracts were 0.130±0.000, 0.030±0.001 and 0.430±0.002 respectively. There was no significant difference (P˂0.05) in total flavonoid of chloroform and methanol extracts of watermelon seeds. The total phenol content (mg/100g) of watermelon seeds ranged between 0.050±0.001 and 0.250±0.012. The highest value was for methanol extract while the lowest value was for raw sample and chloroform extract of watermelon seeds. There was no significant difference (P˂0.05) in total phenol of raw sample and chloroform extract of watermelon seeds. The radical scavenging activity of watermelon seeds was measured using the DPPH radical assay. 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging (%) of watermelon seeds ranged between 92.418±0.110 and 96.310±0.213. The DPPH value was highest in methanol extract and least in chloroform extract while it was 92.660±0.119% in raw sample of watermelon seeds. There was significant difference (P˂0.05) in DPPH of raw sample, chloroform and methanol extracts of watermelon seeds. The iron chelating power (%) ranged between 14.571±0.101 and 35.529±0.221 with higher value in methanol extract and the least value in raw sample of watermelon seeds; and it was 26.946±0.119% in chloroform extract. There was significant difference (P˂0.05) in iron chelating power of raw sample, chloroform and methanol extracts of watermelon seeds. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (Garlic Acid Equivalent (GAE)) of watermelon seeds had the lowest value (0.230±0.010) in raw sample and highest (1.110±0.010) in methanol extract while it was 0.831±0.085 in chloroform extract. There was significant difference (P˂0.05) in ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of chloroform and methanol extracts of watermelon seeds. Water and methanol extracts of watermelon rinds had higher iron (Fe2+) chelation assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) than raw sample of watermelon seeds. Methanol extract of watermelon seeds had higher total flavonoid, total phenol and DPPH than raw sample of watermelon seeds
The watermelon rinds and seeds contained essential phytochemicals. The phytochemicals in watermelon seeds are best extracted using chloroform, methanol and ethyl acetate while that of watermelon rinds are best extracted with methanol and water. Watermelon seeds is richer in phytochemicals than watermelon rinds. Methanol is a very potent solvent in extracting bioactive compounds of high antioxidant properties for both watermelon seeds and rinds. However, further research can be conducted in investigating the antioxidant activity of methanol, water and chloroform extracts of both watermelon seeds and rinds on edible oils in comparison with synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA).
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I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
