Short Communication | DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.31579/2639-4162/032
*Corresponding Author: Paul T E Cusack, BScE, DULE, 23 Park Ave. Saint John, NB, E2J 1R2, Canada.
Citation: Paul T E Cusack (2020) Physics of Stuttering II.General Medicine and Clinical Practice. 3(3) DOI: 10.31579/2639-4162/032
Copyright: ©2020. Paul T E Cusack This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 17 August 2020 | Accepted: 25 September 2020 | Published: 29 September 2020
Keywords: stuttering; adrenaline; nitrate
This paper provides a mathematical investigation of the physics of stuttering. We see that the stutter’s frequency of the operation of his mind is 10x’ that of a normal frequency. Adrenalin makes things worse for stutters because it contains nitrate ions which upset the chemical balance of a normal electrical potential of 105 mV.
I had a friend in university who stuttered. Most of the time, his speech was fluent; but when he was under stress, he would get stuck on one syllable. If I reassured him with a nod, he would speak smoothly. When he was under stress he stuttered. This indicates to me that there was nothing mechanically wrong with his speech apparatus because it worked fine when he was not under stress. So what was it about stress. It is the release of adrenaline.
The chemical formula for adrenaline is C9H13NO3 Take note of the nitrate ion. In the nerve cell , there are neurotransmitters Cl- Na+ K+ and Pr- The Pr- includes the Gasotransmitter NO. See figure 1.
I theorize that this NO causes too much negative charge in the Intercellular fluid, thus causing a hyperpolarization. The regular resting state is -70mV. We will use -90 mV. The discharge of the potential goes up to +35mV. Which is a difference of 105mV. These numbers appear in what follows.
Chlorine Cl- is also a negative ion. Too much chlorine would have the same affect on the discharge of a nerve fibre having excessive negative charges. Chlorine is in our tap water. Chlorine is also absorbed by the body in the shower -up to 1 litre. It is injected in salt, however this is balanced by sodium in the NaCl molecule.
I have determined that the human mind has an internal clock that runs at t=1330.
Freq=1/1330= 0.75=3/4=1/s
E=(1-Ln π)7
=0.00001330
0.000001330/t=0.000001330/1330=0.00001~1=E
Mind =( 1-vs/vL)
=(12-343/2.99792458)
=113.3
Mind=(1-ts/tL)
=113.3=1-tS/tL
113.3=1-ts/2.99792458
tN=337
v=d/t
343=d/337
d=1.0403
1/d=1/s=961
EN=(1-Ln 0.337)^7
=172.83
~√3
Freq=t=KE=1/2Ρ v²
=1/2 (4/Pi)(1/√2)²
FreqN=1/Π
Freq AB=t=KE Ab=1/2(40/Π)(1/√2)²
Freqab=10/Π
tAb=Freq Ab=3.183
E=(1-Ln t)7
=(1-Ln 3.183)7
EAB=243.9~244
Mind=(1-ts/tL)
=(1-3.183/299792458)
=-0.6173
Mind ~-0.618 Root of the /Golden Mean Parabola
V=d/t
343=d/3.183
d=1.0917
1/s=916
S=|E||t|sin theta
10917=244t sin 60°
T=5166~517
V=d/t
=10917/517
=Vab=2113
VN/ VAb=343/211.3
=1623~1.618 Root of the Golden Mean Parabola
VAb/VN=0.618
Adrenalin.
C9H13N +Ca++==> CaO +C9H13N==>
C9H13N+ 2 H20 +O ==> C9H13+NO +2H2O==>
8CH2+CO2+NO + H+
Molecular mass=9.0058
M=9.00=Ln t
t=0.810
E=(1-Ln t)7
(1-0.810)7
=0.000008938
=c²
E=Mc²
c²=Mc²
M=1=M=Ln t
t=2.71828=e1
tSST=e1+3.183=59.0
tN=e1+0.337
=305.5
tSt/tN=519.305=1/517
tN=0.5169~517
E=(1-Ln π)7
=0.000001330
Internal Clock
tN=KE=1/2 Mv²
=1/2(4)(1/√2)²
=1
tN=1
E=[1-Ln (1/0.517)]
=[1-Ln (193.4)]7
=105
=|-70|+35mV
=Nerve Signal
E st=(1-Ln t st)^7
E stuttering=105
E Norm=(1-Ln tN)7
=(1-Ln (1))7
EN=1
v=d/t=2.113
v²=4.465
=1/2239
Vab=1/ΔV=1/22.39
22.39=1/c²R
R=198.7~2=L
1/R=0.503=tmin
V=iR
22.39=1/c²R
R=2.49~2.5
2 syll/sec= x 2.5=5 syll/ sec
217.39/5 syll/sec=43.478 sec/syll =(1/23.00) sec /syll
Normal:
5 syll /sec x 1/23sec/syll =217
Stuttering
2 syll/sec x 1/23 sec/syll=217
Normal
5xt0=5x 6.366=0.3183=1/π=freq.=tnorm
Stuttering
2 x 6.366=12.73=40/π=freq=tstut
40/π=127.3 =10 x’s density
K.E.=1/2 ρv²
t=KE=1/2(4/π)(1/√2)²
=3183
=10/π
=freq of the stuttering mind =10x’s Normal.
VN=1/ΔV=1/105
V=iR
1/105=(1/c²)R
R=0,.856
1/R=116.83
ΔE=ΔV=(1-Ln t)7
(1-Ln 1.330)7
=104.8~105
=|-70|+35 mV
105/22.39=1/213 Cf. 217
M=9.00
Normal Output=1/c²
M=1/c²
9=1/c²=E/81=E/c4
ΔV=iR
105=1/c4R
R=85.05 Cf. 0.856
E=(1-Ln t)7
tstuttering =10 tNormal
E=(1-Ln 10(517))7
E=0.04538
~0.454
t=1/E=220 =200+20 msec
V=iR
=(4/3)(0.4233+(1/π)-2))
=(4/3)(1/258)
=1/677=1/595
1/595 x 220=e1
t=1
222=419=1/238
10/9.00=1.11111…=1/105.4~1/105=1/V=1/E=t
t=10/9.0=1/11111
105+(|-7-|+35)
=125=1/8=Emin
SE=(1/8)+(1/9)=138.8=1/720
E=(1-Ln 0.720)7
=(1.327)7
~1.3307=723.6=1=1/1358 Cf. 1330
Δt=594
SE=138.8=t²-t-1
t=²-t-38.8
t=112.5;1.25
112.5²-122.5-38.8=125
1/8=Emin
(1/8)²-1/8-38.8
=389
=1257
2 x 1/257=514
V=iR
ΔR=1+10/ sqrt3
=6.773
ΔV=4/3(6.773)
=9.03~9.0
=molar mass
Conclusion
We see that stuttering can be modelled by a dysfunctional potential caused by too man negative ions in the cellular fluid, particularly Nitrate. The frequency of the stuttering mind is 10 x’s that of a normal speaker.
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