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Physics of Stuttering II

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Short Communication | DOI: https://doi.org/  10.31579/2639-4162/032

Physics of Stuttering II

  • Paul T E Cusack 1
  • 1 BScE, DULE, 23 Park Ave. Saint John, NB, E2J 1R2, Canada

*Corresponding Author: Paul T E Cusack, BScE, DULE, 23 Park Ave. Saint John, NB, E2J 1R2, Canada.

Citation: Paul T E Cusack (2020) Physics of Stuttering II.General Medicine and Clinical Practice. 3(3) DOI: 10.31579/2639-4162/032

Copyright: ©2020. Paul T E Cusack This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Received: 17 August 2020 | Accepted: 25 September 2020 | Published: 29 September 2020

Keywords: stuttering; adrenaline; nitrate

Abstract

This paper provides a mathematical investigation of the physics of stuttering. We see that the stutter’s frequency of the operation of his mind is 10x’ that of a normal frequency.  Adrenalin makes things worse for stutters because it contains nitrate ions which upset the chemical balance of a normal electrical potential of 105 mV.

I had a friend in university who stuttered.  Most of the time, his speech was fluent; but when he was under stress, he would get stuck on one syllable. If I reassured him with a nod, he would speak smoothly.  When he was under stress he stuttered.  This indicates to me that there was nothing mechanically wrong with his speech apparatus because it worked fine when he was not under stress. So what was it about stress.  It is the release of adrenaline.

The chemical formula for adrenaline is C9H13NO3    Take note of the nitrate ion. In the nerve cell , there are neurotransmitters Cl-  Na+ K+ and Pr-  The Pr- includes the Gasotransmitter NO. See figure 1.

I theorize that this NO causes too much negative charge in the Intercellular fluid, thus causing a hyperpolarization.  The regular resting state is -70mV.   We will use -90 mV.  The discharge of the potential goes up to +35mV. Which is a difference of 105mV. These numbers appear in what follows.

Chlorine Cl- is also a negative ion. Too much chlorine would have the same affect on the discharge of a nerve fibre having excessive negative charges.  Chlorine is in our tap water. Chlorine is also absorbed by the body in the shower -up to 1 litre. It is injected in salt, however this is balanced by sodium  in the NaCl molecule.

Figure 1  Nerve Cell Potential

I have determined that the human mind has an internal clock that runs at t=1330.

Freq=1/1330= 0.75=3/4=1/s

E=(1-Ln π)7

=0.00001330

0.000001330/t=0.000001330/1330=0.00001~1=E

Mind =( 1-vs/vL)

=(12-343/2.99792458)

=113.3

 Mind=(1-ts/tL)

=113.3=1-tS/tL

113.3=1-ts/2.99792458

tN=337

v=d/t

343=d/337

d=1.0403

1/d=1/s=961

EN=(1-Ln 0.337)^7

=172.83

~√3

Freq=t=KE=1/2Ρ v²

=1/2 (4/Pi)(1/√2)²

FreqN=1/Π

Freq AB=t=KE Ab=1/2(40/Π)(1/√2)²

Freqab=10/Π

tAb=Freq Ab=3.183

E=(1-Ln t)7

=(1-Ln 3.183)7

EAB=243.9~244

Mind=(1-ts/tL)

=(1-3.183/299792458)

=-0.6173

Mind ~-0.618  Root of the /Golden Mean Parabola

V=d/t

343=d/3.183

d=1.0917

1/s=916

S=|E||t|sin theta

10917=244t sin 60°

T=5166~517

V=d/t

=10917/517

=Vab=2113

VN/ VAb=343/211.3

=1623~1.618  Root of the Golden Mean Parabola

VAb/VN=0.618

 Adrenalin.

C9H13N +Ca++==> CaO +C9H13N==>

C9H13N+ 2 H20 +O  ==> C9H13+NO +2H2O==>

8CH2+CO2+NO + H+

Molecular mass=9.0058

M=9.00=Ln t

t=0.810

E=(1-Ln t)7

(1-0.810)7

=0.000008938

=c²

E=Mc²

c²=Mc²

M=1=M=Ln t

t=2.71828=e1

tSST=e1+3.183=59.0

tN=e1+0.337

=305.5

tSt/tN=519.305=1/517

tN=0.5169~517

E=(1-Ln  π)7

=0.000001330 

Internal Clock

tN=KE=1/2 Mv²

=1/2(4)(1/√2)²

=1 

tN=1

E=[1-Ln (1/0.517)]

=[1-Ln (193.4)]7

=105

=|-70|+35mV

=Nerve Signal

E st=(1-Ln t st)^7

 E stuttering=105

E Norm=(1-Ln tN)7

=(1-Ln (1))7

EN=1

v=d/t=2.113

v²=4.465

=1/2239

Vab=1/ΔV=1/22.39

22.39=1/c²R

 R=198.7~2=L

1/R=0.503=tmin

V=iR

22.39=1/c²R

R=2.49~2.5

2 syll/sec= x 2.5=5 syll/ sec

217.39/5 syll/sec=43.478 sec/syll =(1/23.00) sec /syll

 Normal:

5 syll /sec x 1/23sec/syll =217

Stuttering

2 syll/sec x 1/23 sec/syll=217  

Normal

5xt0=5x 6.366=0.3183=1/π=freq.=tnorm

Stuttering

2 x 6.366=12.73=40/π=freq=tstut

40/π=127.3 =10 x’s density

K.E.=1/2 ρv²

t=KE=1/2(4/π)(1/√2)²

=3183

=10/π

=freq of the stuttering mind  =10x’s Normal.

 VN=1/ΔV=1/105

V=iR

1/105=(1/c²)R

 R=0,.856 

1/R=116.83

 ΔE=ΔV=(1-Ln t)7

(1-Ln 1.330)7

=104.8~105

=|-70|+35 mV

105/22.39=1/213  Cf. 217

Figure 2 ACT* Model of the Brain with formulas 

M=9.00

Normal Output=1/c²

M=1/c²

9=1/c²=E/81=E/c4

ΔV=iR

 105=1/c4R

 R=85.05  Cf. 0.856

E=(1-Ln t)7

tstuttering =10 tNormal

E=(1-Ln 10(517))7

E=0.04538

~0.454

t=1/E=220 =200+20 msec

Figure 3 Plasticity of the brain.

V=iR

=(4/3)(0.4233+(1/π)-2))

=(4/3)(1/258)

=1/677=1/595

1/595 x 220=e1

 

t=1

Figure 4 Binomial Decision Tree

222=419=1/238

10/9.00=1.11111…=1/105.4~1/105=1/V=1/E=t

t=10/9.0=1/11111

105+(|-7-|+35)

=125=1/8=Emin

SE=(1/8)+(1/9)=138.8=1/720

 E=(1-Ln 0.720)7

=(1.327)7

~1.3307=723.6=1=1/1358    Cf. 1330

 Δt=594

SE=138.8=t²-t-1

t=²-t-38.8 

t=112.5;1.25

112.5²-122.5-38.8=125

1/8=Emin

(1/8)²-1/8-38.8

=389

=1257

2 x 1/257=514

V=iR

ΔR=1+10/ sqrt3

=6.773

 ΔV=4/3(6.773)

=9.03~9.0

=molar mass

Conclusion

We see that stuttering can be modelled by a dysfunctional potential caused by too man negative ions in the cellular fluid, particularly Nitrate. The frequency of the stuttering mind is 10 x’s that of a normal speaker.

References

  1. Diamond, M. et al The Human Brian Coloring Book., Collins., USA 1985.
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