Investigation of Suitable Pakistani Wheat Cultivars for Preparation of Quick Cooking Bulgur

Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2637-8914/216

Investigation of Suitable Pakistani Wheat Cultivars for Preparation of Quick Cooking Bulgur

  • Shahnah Qureshi 1
  • Mian Kamran Sharif 1
  • Muhammad Issa khan 1
  • Muhammad Anjum Zia 2
  • Asfand Raheel 2
  • Muhammad Arshad Ullah 3*

1Faculty of Food Nutrition and Home Sciences, National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

2Department of Biochemsitry. Faculty of Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

3National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan.

*Corresponding Author: Muhammad Arshad Ullah, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Citation: Shahnah Qureshi, Mian Kamran Sharif, Muhammad Issa khan, Muhammad Anjum Zia, Asfand Rahee, et al, (2024), Investigation of Suitable Pakistani Wheat Cultivars for Preparation of Quick Cooking Bulgur, J. Nutrition and Food Processing, 7(5); DOI:10.31579/2637-8914/216

Copyright: © 2024, Muhammad Arshad Ullah. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Received: 29 April 2024 | Accepted: 16 May 2024 | Published: 30 May 2024

Keywords: aflatoxin; brown rice; basmati; elisa; quality management

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the aptness of Pakistani commercial wheat cultivars Durum-97, Faisalabad-8, Punjab-11, Galaxy-13, Ujala-16 and Annaj-17 aptnessfor bulgur preparationthrough thousand kernel weight (43-47 g), grain size (length 5-7, width 2-3, thickness 2-3 mm), particle size index (16-24 %), single kernel characterization system (hardness 45-74 HI, weight 34-36 mg, moisture 9-10 %, diameter in-between 2mm) respectively. All varieties were parboiled for 3 suitable periods (regarding in dimensions40, 60, 80 min) at constant temperature. Bulgur was evaluated in various nutritional and quality attributes. Color analysisvalue was (L* 56-64, a* -1˗ -3, b* 17-21 of colorimeter). SDS-sedimentation test (19-25 mL), zeleny value (46-60 mL) and SDS-PAGE friabilin protein (presence and absence) while Durum-97 and Anaj-17 lack these proteins. Proximate analysis of wheatcarries (ash 0-1, crude protein 12-15, crude fiber 1-2, and crude fat 1-3 %). Likewise proximate analysis of bulgur shows (0-1 ash, 12-15 crude protein, 1-2 crude fat and crude fiber). Mineral analysis revealed (Ca 367-534, Fe 49-33, Zn 23-18, Na 311-171, K 774-952 mgkg-1). Consumers overall acceptance (sensory evaluation) recommends Anaj-17 and Punjab-11 among allvarieties. Conclusively, there is a need to explore more indigenous wheat cultivars as this is the staple food and a value added product.

Introduction

Cereals are vital product concerning humans. Among cereals, wheat is the most leading crop which is produced, traded and consumed worldwide and remains staple food throughout the history (Badawi et al., 2017). In Pakistan, wheat is consumed in form of flat bread and in cereals; contribution of wheat is 80% of food intake. In 2021, Pakistan’s annual wheat production was 26 million tons (GOP, 2021). Consumers categorize wheat into its growth pattern, color and quality. Furthermore, the quality character is determined into hard and soft texture (Iftikhar and Ali, 2017). The large particle size was easily passes away from sieves (Haraszi et al., 2016). Durum kernel is considered as the hardest kernels among others which are usually radiant, large and golden amber (Fu et al., 2017).

Bulgur a (pre-cooked wheat) is prepared from the variety (Tritium durum) which is an appealing product. It is a popular and trendy cuisine due to its high nutritional value and shelf life resistant to microorganisms and radiation includes mites and insects at a very affordable price (Bayram, 2005). The consumer’s choices are shifts from old cuisines to new and healthy products, so the demand of natural product has been increased by health conscious societies (Vignola et al., 2018). Coating of bran grain comprises on 14 to 15 % which protects the germ comprised of Vitamins B some other minerals including iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn) and other dietary fibers. Unsaturated fats, antioxidants, Vitamin B and E in the sprouting section of grain germ i.e. 2-3 % provides nutrition to the seeds while 83 % endosperm provides minerals (macro and micro), proteins and carbohydrates (Aune et al., 2016). Thus the whole grain proven against many minor and severe maladies. Due to presence of minerals and very low crude fat contents, the whole bran grain protects and promotes the many heart conditions (Jensen et al., 2004). As compared to refined grain consumers, persons with high whole grain consumption reduce more weight and proved efficient against obesity (Katcher et al., 2008). 

Bulgur is already accepted as nutritious diet because it contains an adequate amount of dietary fibers which is 18.3g per 100 grams. As we compared it with rice and wheat flour, the dietary fiber content is 3.5 times greater in amount and 1.1 times than barley (Bayram, 2006). With high levels of protein and less percentage of fats, carbohydrates in bulgur provide enormous energy. Major mineral like potassium who act as vasodilator that release out the nerve pressure which ultimately promotes heart health are a part of bulgur. The presence of iron content avoids anemia which is helpful in producing red blood cells. The zinc helps in synthesis of protein and divisions of cells which ultimately increases immunity. Bulgur contains folic acid (B complex) as B9 and B3 niacin promotes sex hormones and releases energy making desirable for babies and also for pregnant women because it is stimulator for brain formation with the breakdown of fats and proteins. High amounts of minerals in bulgur serves as good source for bones health which affect low mineral deposition (Bayram, 2007).

Realizing all the local and international attributes of whole wheat kernels in balanced diet sheets, the work aimed to highlight the commercial Pakistani wheat cultivars for the preparations of quick cooking bulgur for diversification in diet charts and value additions. The major objectives of the research study are evaluation and cooking of quick bulgur from different wheat cultivars and its nutritional and physiochemical assessment keeping in view the consumer’s acceptability through sensory evaluation methods.

Materials and Methods

Experiment was performed in (NIFSAT) Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences, University of Agriculture; Faisalabad.Wheat varieties (Durum-97, Faisalabad-8, Punjab-11, Galaxy-13, Ujala-16 and Annaj-17) were obtained from Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Faisalabad, Pakistan in 2018. All healthy and selected wheat samples were analyzed. Thousand kernels weight was determined by using AACC (2006) on electric balance. Grain sizewas measured in length, width and thickness with micrometer. Particle size index were sifted through sieves aperture (200-mesh) to measure and quantifies grains. The single kernel characterization system is measured by following method of AACC (2006) method no 55-31.01 in an automatic manner of the properties like moisture, weight, diameter and hardness. Dimension of best cooking time (60 min) was selected for evaluation of quick cooking bulgur in comparison with (40, 60 and 80 min) with a short side test. Different samples of bulgur were analyzed for color analysis by colorimeter in which L* value (positive value indicates lightness while negative darkness), a* value indicates difference in red and green color while b* value determines yellow and blue color. All wheat varieties seeds were soaked overnight in water (1L) followed by cooking for various durations until starch gelatinization. Afterwards, wheat samples were dried in hot air oven at 55ᵒC upto 10% moisture. Dried samples were crushed into coarse fractions. Samples were marked and percent change in dimensions was measured before and after cooking following standard method. Sedimentation test is to check hardness by holding wheat into acidic solution for swelling of proteins. 3.2g of wheat sample added in 100ml graduated cylinder which already contains 50ml of water were mixed for 5minutes, later record the SDS value according to the method No. 56-70 of AACC (2006). Each cultivar’s Zeleny value was observed through omega analyzer in which the sample poured in the instrument and with the help of computer operating beam it determines different values and characters of whole grain. For gel electrophoresis, each sample of variety was according to the Richard et al. (2000) method later results were read-on staining gel. Mineral composition in wheat flour was determined through AOAC (2016) method of wet digestion. Bulgur’s overall acceptance was evaluated by panel of judges NIFSAT department comprised on 15 members using 9 points agenda of Hedonic scale (Meilgaard et al., 2007). To measure ash content of wheat flour, method No. 08-01 was used. Crude fat was measured according to (30-25) method however, fat measured by Soxhlet’s apparatus. Crude fiber estimated by Labcono Fiber tech given in standard procedure mentioned in No. 32-10 of AACC 2006. The NFE calculated all parameters; protein, crude fat and fiber, ash by subtracting from 100. The results of data collected were subjected to analysis of variance under Complete Randomized Design and Factorial Design for the evaluation of means square and mean values of analysis (Steel et al., 1997).

Results and Discussions

Table-1 indicated the physical properties of Pakistani wheat varieties for the preparation of cooking bulgur. Highest thousand kernel weight value (47.08g) attained by Durum-97 while the lowest gained in Faisalabad-8 (41.01g). Variations due to agronomic, environmental and genetic factors. Ramya et al. (2010) proposed, by selecting heavier kernels indirectly picks larger seeds resulting higher yield. Grain size is also very important parameter in bulgur formation. Durum-97 got the maximum grain size (7.38mm) while lowest in Ujala-16 (5.32mm).Highest width value (3.08mm)  was recorded in Durum-97 ,  whereas lowest in Ujala-16 (2.93mm). Highest thickness value (3.08mm) was measured in Durum-97 and the lowest in Ujala-16 (2.62mm). Pasha et al., (2010) reported that length, width, thickness of grain affect due to wheat cultivars.

In particle size index value Galaxy-13 was the top to get (24.70%), however lowest (16.56%) was in Durum-97. Differences in PSI are due to environmental and genetic conditions of wheat cultivars (Ahmad et al., 2001). Similar results are summarized in research conducted by Pasha et al. (2009, 2010). The parameter of hardness through single characterization system (SKCS) is the most important feature of bulgur. Highest hardness value (74.36%) was determined by Durum-97, while Galaxy-13 attained the minimum (45.26%). Anaj-17 got the highest weight value (39.43mg) and lowest in Ujala-16 (34.22mg). (10.86%) was the highest moisture value in Anaj-17 cultivar but the lowest in Galaxy-13 (9.92%). Punjab-11 ranked first position in diameter (2.97mm) and lowest position in Galaxy-13(2.72mm). Results differed due to various genetic characters and wheat cultivars. According to AACC (2010), SKCS of Pakistani wheat cultivars were ranged from semi hard to hard wheat. Best cooking time (60 min) was selected for wheat cultivars based on percent change in dimensions. Length, width and crease width; Durum-97 decreased (3.45%), (51.4%) and (25.01%) respectively. Other treatments showed similar pattern regarding to this. Bayram et al. (2004) explained the dimensions of kernels effect by time and temperature significantly while cooking bulgur which increased the weight and volume of the kernels. Highest L* color analysis value got Anaj-17 (64.280) and lowest Ujala-16(56.287). Highest negative a* value Anaj-17 (-3.0200), lowest Galaxy-13 (-1.1333). Highest b* value Anaj-17(21.913) while lowest in Ujala-16 (17.223). Mentioned ranges of L*, a* and b* are similar with findings by Ertas (2017). Bayram and Oner (2006) studied the effect of color sorting system in preparations of bulgur and reported that using color sorter, quality and product acceptability of bulgur increase.

Means with different letters are significantly different at 5% level of probability.

TK= Thousand Kernel, GS= Grain Size (length, width, thickness), PSI= Particle Size Index, SKCS= Single Kernel 

Characterization System (hardness, weight, moisture, diameter), D= Dimensions (length, crease width, width), CA= Color Analysis (L* lightness - darkness, a* greenness - redness, b* yellowness - blueness).

Table 1: Physical properties of Pakistani Wheat cultivars for Bulgur

Table-2 showed the detail of various chemical properties of Pakistani wheat varieties especially for cooking bulgur. Sodium Dodeyl Sulfate (SDS) was found highest in Ujala-16 (25.35 ml) whereas lowest SDS-sedimentation was observed in Durum-97(19.83 ml). Higher zeleny value in Ujala-16 (60.46 ml) and lowest in Faisalabad (46.16 ml). Pasha et al., (2010) that sedimentation values distinguished due to different in wheat varieties and the crop years they were in grown. Iqbal et al. (2015) stated that sedimentation values ranges from (20 to 30 ml) when physical, chemical and rheological properties were analyzed. Randhawa et al. (2002) found the SDS- sedimentation values ranging from 18.17 to 28.33 ml. The results shows that Durum-97 and Anaj-17 lack the friabilin protein i.e. 15kDa polypeptide band whereas Galaxy-13 shows intense 15kDa band. Results indicated that wheat varieties lacking friabilin proteins are inflexible while those having friabilin protein were soft textured wheat. Presence and absence of the friabilin protein in different wheat varieties were because of genetic variation and not influenced by any other factor. Morris et al. (2007) concluded that mutation of puroindolines results in wheat hardness. Highest Ca concentration observed in Anaj-17 (535mg/kg) whereas lowest in Punjab-11(367mgkg-1). Highest Fe value observed in Ujala-16 (49.33mg/kg) whereas lowest was in Durum-97 (33.66 mgkg-1). Highest mean value depicts Annaj-17(23.33) and lowest observed in Galaxy-13. Highest mean value of Na observed in Ujala-16(311 mgkg-1) whereas lowest was in Punjab-11(171 mgkg-1). Mean value of K highest observed in Anaj-17(952 mgkg-1) while lowest in Faisalabad-08 (774 mgkg-1). Lamhamdi et al. (2013) studied the effect of lead (Pb) on mineral profile of wheat and testified that reduce level of Na, K, Ca, Fe and Zn are due to lead (Pb) concentrations in soil. Maximum acceptance of bulgur by panelist was prepared from Anaj-17(8.00±0.98) however lowest acceptance was observed in Ujala-16 bulgur (6.00±0.70). Panelist reported that overall wheat samples are suitable for bulgur although cooking of wheat for up-to 60 mins when all starch gelatinized and grains coarse particles after milling of bulgur enhanced its overall acceptability. These results are similar to the findings of  Hayta et al. (2003) that cooking bulgur increases its overall acceptability and remained well on score up-to six months of storage period (Singh et al., 2014).

Means with different letters are significantly different at 5% level of probability.

SDS= Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (sedimentation, zeleny), PAGE= Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (friable protein, band intensity), Mineral Analysis=(calcium, iron, zinc, sodium, potassium), SE= Sensory Evaluation (overall acceptability).

Table 2: Chemical properties of Pakistani wheat cultivars for cooking bulgur.

Nutritional properties of wheat varieties and wheat bulgur were presented in table-3. Ash contents were the maximum in Durum-97 (1.67%) whereas lowest in Faisalabad-08 (0.84%), Pasha et al., 2010 checked the significance of ash content on different wheat varieties as well as the crop years they were grown. The higher ash content also had relationship with kernel size, lower the kernel size resulted in higher bran portion and lower endosperm and relatively higher ash content (Butt et al., 2001). Protein value in wheat varieties is one of the best criteria of bulgur preparation. The highest value observed in Ujala-16 (15.18%) and lowest protein content by Punjab-11 (12.58%), The present study results were supported by Anjum and Walker (2000) where protein range from 6 to 20% influenced by edaphic factors like environment, soil conditions and application of fertilizers. The result was similar to studies who reported protein content to be 10.31-15.41% (Ahmad et al., 2001). The highest fat content was determined in Anaj-17(3.01%) whereas lowest was in Faisalabad-08 (1.74%), The similar results were reported by Iqbal et al. 2015 in which they studied fat contents difference in varieties due to genetic variability, climatic condition or difference in crop years growth. Durum-97 got the highest value of fiber content (2.08%) whereas lowest by Galaxy-13 (1.45%). The difference in crude fiber among wheat varieties might be due to their genetic diversity, Similar findings reported by Qazi et al. (2003) in which fiber ranged from 1.60 to 2.00

Conclusion

The sensory evaluation was performed according to consumer likeness and acceptability. The preferred quick cooking bulgur was Anaj-17 and Punjab-11 due to attractive color and texture, appealing taste.>Anaj-17 and Punjab-11 which are superior to other wheat cultivar’s bulgur and their sensory evaluation was performed according to consumer likeness and acceptability due to their attractive color, texture and appealing taste. There are significant differences among wheat cultivars while there are no as such differences between them which are notable in bulgur form. Wheat bulgur is deliberated and claimed as a whole grain product. It is mostly consumed in many forms and in bakery products which are usually prepared from flour. There is a need to enhance whole grain diet to benefit the mass and diet diversification.

References

Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.

img

Virginia E. Koenig

Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.

img

Delcio G Silva Junior

Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.

img

Ziemlé Clément Méda

Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.

img

Mina Sherif Soliman Georgy

We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.

img

Layla Shojaie

The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.

img

Sing-yung Wu

Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.

img

Orlando Villarreal

Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.

img

Katarzyna Byczkowska

Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.

img

Anthony Kodzo-Grey Venyo

Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.

img

Pedro Marques Gomes

Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.

img

Bernard Terkimbi Utoo

This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.

img

Prof Sherif W Mansour

Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.

img

Hao Jiang

As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.

img

Dr Shiming Tang

Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.

img

Raed Mualem

International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.

img

Andreas Filippaios

Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.

img

Dr Suramya Dhamija

Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.

img

Bruno Chauffert

I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!

img

Baheci Selen

"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".

img

Jesus Simal-Gandara

I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.

img

Douglas Miyazaki

We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.

img

Dr Griffith

I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.

img

Dr Tong Ming Liu

I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.

img

Husain Taha Radhi

I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.

img

S Munshi

Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.

img

Tania Munoz

“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.

img

George Varvatsoulias

Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.

img

Rui Tao

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.

img

Khurram Arshad

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.

img

Gomez Barriga Maria Dolores

The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.

img

Lin Shaw Chin

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.

img

Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga