Climate Change adversely impacts on plant biology and livestock pests (weeds, insects and microbes) Rising average temperature and CO2 concentration in air can increase range of distribution of pest their impact and vulnerability of host plants and wildanimals. Increased use of pesticides can trigge contamination in fields that will influence on the whole food chains. Climate Change combined with social, economic and political conditions can increase vulnerability of such groups of population as:  infantsand young children, pregnant women, elderly people, low-income population and people with immune systems who are more susceptible to adverse effects of climate change, food safety and nutrition. 

Climate change directly affects food security and nutrition. It undermines current efforts to protect the lives and livelihoods and end the suffering of the over billion food insecure people and will increase the   risk of hunger and malnutrition by an unprecedented scale within the next decades. Undernutrition is   already the single largest contributor to the global burden of disease, killing 3.5 million people every year, almost all of them children in developing countries. Unless urgent action is taken, it will not be possible to ensure the food security of a growing world population under a changing climate. Climate change acts as a multiplier of existing threats to food security: makes natural disasters more frequent and intense, land and water scarcer and more difficult to access, and increases in productivity even harder to achieve. The implications for people who are poor and already food insecure and malnourished are immense. It is especially evident in undeveloped countries and small island states, where livelihoods of the poor and vulnerable people, including women, children and marginal people are at great risk to suffer from to the potential impacts of climate change. 

Climate change will affect all dimensions of food security: availability, accessibility and stability.  It will reduce food availability, because it negatively affects the basic elements of food production: soil, water and biodiversity. Rural communities face increased risks including crop failure, loss of livestock and reduced availability of fisheries and forest products. Changing temperatures and weather patterns furthermore create conditions for the emergence of new pests and diseases that affect animals, trees and crops. It has direct effects on the quality and quantity of yields as well as the availability and price of food. At the same time, more extreme weather events will have serious impacts on livelihood assets in both rural and urban areas and threaten the stability of food supply. 

 In the last fifty years the world population has more than doubled: from 3 billion to 6.7 billion people. Over one billion of them are undernourished – an unacceptable situation and a big challenge to global efforts to end hunger and poverty. In the next 25 years, world population will increase by another 50 %, reaching more than 9 billion by 2050. Such a large population will put enormous additional pressure on food production systems. Regardless to climate change, demand for food will increase, while resources needed for its production, such as land, water and petrol-based fertilizers are becoming scarcer. The risk of hunger is very likely to increase by a large extent in the next decades due to a number of factors described below – even if the climate was not changed.

Over the past few decades, climate was understood not only as an environmental issue, but as a multidimensional crisis that crosses borders and affects every sector of society. From prolonged droughts in the horn of Africa to intensifying hurricanes in the Caribbean, and from rising sea levels in the Pacific to intense heatwave in southern Europe, the consequences of rapid climate change are becoming more frequent, destructive and interconnected.

According to the World Food Programme (WFP), over 343 million people across 74 countries are currently facing emergency levels of hunger, largely due to the increasing number of conflicts, inflation and climate-related disasters. This situation is not only limited to the Global South. The current war in Ukraine, for example proved how deeply interconnected global food systems can be. Disruptions to grain exports and fertilizer supply chains had severe repercussions all over the world, rising not only prices but also threatening access to food on other continents far beyond the conflict zone.

 The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the fragility of global supply chains, causing shortages, price volatility and barriers to food access, even in high-income countries. As climate change continues to affect food systems which are often considered as the first targets of environmental stress, it is becoming clearer that food insecurity needs synergistic collaboration among diverse sectors, and the progress in one area often spurs advances in others.