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Characterization of the elderly in the Popular Medical Clinic of Macareito, Venezuela

Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2639-4162/234

Characterization of the elderly in the Popular Medical Clinic of Macareito, Venezuela

  • Luis Anrrit Navarro Gómez 1
  • María del Rosario Díaz Pérez 2
  • Lázaro Rogelio Morell León 3
  • Dayma Margarita Clavo Basulto 4
  • Adrian González Méndez 5*

1 Doctor en Medicina. Especialista de Primer Grado en Medicina General Integral. Master in Longevity Satisfactoria. Professor Instructor. Policlínico de Meneses, Yaguajay, Sancti Spíritus, Cuba.
2 Licenciada en Imagenología y Radiofísica Médica. Profesora Instructora Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Sancti Spíritus, Cuba.
3 Doctor Especialista Segundo Grado Higiene y Epidemiologia. Master in Superior Medical Education. Professor Titular Consultante. Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Sancti Spíritus, Cuba.
4 Ingeniera Industrial. Master in Direction. Subdelegación de Ciencia y Tecnología Sancti Spíritus, Cuba.
5 Licenciado en Tecnología de la salud perfil Terapia Física y Rehabilitación. Professor Auxiliar. Investigador Agregado. Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Sancti Spíritus, Cuba.

*Corresponding Author: Adrian González Méndez, Licenciado en Tecnología de la salud perfil Terapia Física y Rehabilitación. Professor Auxiliar. Investigador Agregado. Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Sancti Spíritus, Cuba.

Citation: Luis Anrrit N. Gómez, María del R. Díaz Pérez, Lázaro R. M. León, Dayma Margarita C.B, Adrian G. Méndez (2024), Characterization of the elderly in the Popular Medical Clinic of Macareito, Venezuela, J. General Medicine and Clinical Practice, 7(8); DOI:10.31579/2639-4162/234

Copyright: © 2024, Adrian González Méndez. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Received: 10 October 2024 | Accepted: 18 October 2024 | Published: 23 October 2024

Keywords: older adults; risk factors; diseases in older adults

Abstract

Introduction: Aging constitutes a stage of life, which should not be considered the terminal stage, but rather as part of the process in which the human being continues to be active in society. 
Objective: Characteristics of the elderly in the Popular Medical Clinic of Macareito , Venezuela in the period between May 2021 and August 2022. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 88 inhabitants of the population aged 60 years and over belonging to the Popular Medical Clinic of Macareito belonging to the Tucupita Municipality of the Delta Amacuro State of Venezuela. 
Results: The age group that was most prevalent in the study sample was between 70 and 74 years old (26,13 %) followed by the age group between 65 and 69 years old (23,86 %). The female sex (54,54 %) was the most prevalent. Among the diseases suffered by the study sample, high blood pressure (63.63%) and ischemic heart disease (7.95%) stood out. The predominant risk factors were sedentary lifestyle (46,59 %), hyperlipidemia (15,90 %) and obesity (14,77 %). 
Conclusions: The elderly were characterized at the Macareito Popular Medical Clinic. In this way, it was possible to have knowledge of the environment where they live with their relatives and see what illnesses and needs this group of people should have, so the family can help and contribute to the work of the family doctor.

Introduction

Aging constitutes a stage of life, which should not be considered as the terminal stage, but as part of the process in which the human being continues to be active in society [1].
For the Organization Mundial de la Salud (OMS), aging from a biological perspective consists of a combination of molecular and cellular deterioration processes that lead to a gradual decline in physical and cognitive functions, which can increase the probability of acquiring diseases.seguidas de la muerte [2]. Para la geriatría, el envejecimiento es la diminución de la capacidad para mantener la homeostasis, que se manifesta de manera characteristica como una difficidade de adaptarse ante stituulis estresantes internos/externos [3]. La OMS reporta que entre 2000 y 2050 la proporciona de la population mundial de 60 años y más se duplicará, pasando del 11 % al 22 %. At the same time, it is expected that the total number of people aged 60 or more will increase from 900 million in 2015 to 1400 million in 2030 and 2100 million in 2050. una verdadera inversion de la pirámide poblacional) [4]. Como respuesta al envejecimiento de la población, la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas convocó, en los años 1982 y 2002, a assemblyas mundiales para tratar este problema, en las que se estableció un compromiso mediate una declaración politica y un plan de acción internacional [5]. The demographic forecast determines an increase in life expectancy and therefore population aging. In the year 2020 in Spain 9 057 193 persons older than 65 years were registered, un 19,3 % of the population, being Asturias the comunidad autónoma que mayor prevalence de envejecimiento presenta in Spain (25,7 %) [6]. It is expected that by the year 2030, 30.3% of the Cuban population will be older than 60 years and that together with Argentina and Uruguay will be the three oldest countries in Latin America [7].
Cuba is a developing country with an important population aging. El 17,8

Methods

retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the population of 60 years and older perteneciente al Consultorio Médico Popular de Macareito perteneciente al Municipio Tucupita del Estado Delta Amacuro de Venezuela, en el periodo comprendido entre mayo del 2021 a agosto del 2022.
La población estuvo compuesta por los 2 477 habitantes mayores de 60 años perteneciente al Consultorio Médico Popular de Macareito . La muestra de estudio estuvo conformada por 88 (3,55 %) habitantes que cumplieron con los criteria de inclusion. The sample technique used was probabilística por conglomerados donde se dividió to the study subjects in groups of different sizes. Luego, they selected some of these groups at random and they included all the elements within the conglomerates selected in the sample. Para la selección de la muestra de estudio se tomaron en cuenta los siguientes criteria de inclusion y exclusión.
Inclusion criteria:
Pacientes de 60 años o más de both sexes que pertenezcan en al Consultorio Médico Popular de Macareito y que den su consentente informado de participar en el estudio.
Criteria of exclusion:
Pacientes menor de 60 años que pertenezcan en al Consultorio Médico Popular de Macareito oa otra área de salud. Pacientes de 60 años o más de both sexes que pertenezcan en al Consultorio Médico Popular de Macareito who refuse to participate, who are not psychologically apt to respond adequately or who abandon the study. Las variables del estudio fueron: grupo de edades, sexo, nivel escolar, occupation, estado civil, enfermedades que padecen, factores de riesgos, grado de validismo, funcio que occupa en la familia, relaciones interpersonales e intergenerationacionales y estado emocional (números y porcientos). Los datos del estudio fueron recolectados donde se visited the homes of the patients or saw them in medical consultation to be able to obtain the information related to the objective of the investigation. Los datos relacionados con los adultos mayores including los datos del examen physico y results de los ámenes psychologicos fueron recogidos de las historias clinicas individuales y corroboradas con each uno de los pacientes individually during a survey y tabulados en una base de datos en Microsoft Office with the Excel tool. The investigation was approved by the Committee of Ethics and the Scientific Council of the Cuban Medical Brigade that worked in the Delta Amacuro State of Venezuela, taking into account the fulfillment of the principles stipulated in the Declaration of Helsinki. Se solicitó el consensimiento informado explícito a los participantes luego de ser informados correctamente, se les dio a conocer que es libre de elegir su participation en la misma o no sin daño alguno.

Results

Se observa que el grupo de edades que más prevaleció en la muestra de estudio estuvo comprendido entre 70 a 74 años (26,13 %) followed by el grupo de edades entre 65 a 69 años (23,86 %). El sexo femenino was the main prevalence with 54.54% of the total (Table 1).

                                                                Tabla 1. Distribución del adulto mayor según edad y sexo del adulto mayor
Source: survey of the study sample
47.72% of respondents had a primary without ending as a school level, followed by 42.04% with ending primary. The occupation that predominated was that of retired (38.63%) followed by self-employed (30.68%). The marital status that predominated was accompanied (63.63%) (Table 2).

References

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