Improvement of School Education in the Conditions of a New Stage of Development in the Republic of Uzbekistan

Khakimov N.Kh Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of the Department of Corporate Economics and Business Analytics, Tashkent State Economic University, Republic of Uzbekistan. *Corresponding Author: Khakimov N.Kh, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of the Department of Corporate Economics and Business Analytics, Tashkent State Economic University, Republic of Uzbekistan. Received date: May 31, 2021; Accepted date: June 04, 2021; Published date: June 10, 2021 Citation: Khakimov N Kh. (2021) Improvement of School Education in the Conditions of a New Stage of Development in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Research. 3(1); DOI:10.31579/2768-0487/029 Copyright: ©2021 Khakimov N Kh. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

renaissance. This all-embracing activity calls for a profound reform of school education. The reform of school education in the period of a new stage of development began with a revision of the preschool education system. A special Ministry of Preschool Education has been created. The main reason for the institutional transformation is that "the existing systemic shortcomings impede the full implementation of state policy in the field of preschool education, including: first, the current preschool education management system does not allow timely identification and elimination of systemic problems, development and implementation of modern innovative technologies in this area, including in the non-state sector; second, the mechanisms of public-private partnership aimed at attracting investments in the field of preschool education, including the creation of socially accessible preschool educational institutions, their material and technical re-equipment and the introduction of advanced pedagogical technologies, have not been introduced; third, the current state of the infrastructure and material and technical base of preschool educational institutions does not allow to ensure full coverage of children with preschool education, population growth in the country leads to excessive workload of certain preschool educational institutions; fourth, the work on the preparation and implementation of educational methodological, didactic (including games and toys) materials and fiction, reflecting national cultural and historical values and instilling interest in reading books from childhood, does not meet modern requirements; Fifth, the current system of training and retraining of personnel is not able to provide highly qualified specialists in the field of preschool education, who are capable of solving the issues of upbringing and all-round development of children at a professional level; Sixth, the low level of the system of material incentives for employees of preschool institutions does not contribute to the attraction of qualified personnel; Seventh, shortcomings in the organization of the work of territorial health authorities for medical care of children in preschool institutions lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of preventive measures to protect the life and health of children, including the provision of healthy nutrition. [Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On measures to radically improve the system of preschool Education "Collected Legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2017, No. 37, Art. 984] The number of private preschool institutions is developing. However, there are shortcomings in the provision of kindergarten teachers. The analysis shows that 116 thousand working teachers in kindergartens, of which only 34 thousand have higher education. During the period of democratic reforms, the coverage of children with preschool educational institutions is 60%, measures are being taken to achieve this indicator in 2021 to 65%. As a result of the measures taken, "coverage of preschool education in 2021 will be up to 65%, and by the end of 2023 -up to 75%. Also, due to the allocation of 600 billion soums of subsidies from the budget, 2,000 non-state kindergartens will be created, the share of the private sector in this area will increase to 25 percent. " [Message from the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev to the Oliy Majlis, 29.12.20, p. 2].
In the years of a new stage of development, a profound reform of the system of the Ministry of Public Education took place, the work of departments of public education in regions, cities and regions of the country was revised. In modern conditions, when competition has embraced all spheres of social and economic development, the preparation and education of the young generation through preschool and secondary education becomes one of the possible options for increasing its intellectual potential and spiritual world. In order to prepare children for adaptation, stay in preschool institutions, including in private preschool institutions, a decree of the Government of Uzbekistan was adopted, providing for expanding the opportunities for children to access preschool education. In order to accelerate the solution of this issue, the project "Improving the development of children from an early age" was launched in cooperation with the International Development Association and the Global Partnership in Education. The project will be implemented from 2020 to 2024. In order to successfully implement the project, an agreement on the provision of a soft loan was signed between Uzbekistan and the International Development Association. Reformation significance is the adoption of a decision by the government of the country, the abolition of the participation of schoolchildren and secondary school teachers in the cotton harvest, their involvement in other agricultural work, which for many years interfered with the educational process, since the students were busy picking cotton, and participated in other unusual jobs. ... One of the steps in reforming school education was the creation of Presidential Schools, the first of which opened in September 2019. Students at Presidential Schools are selected on a competitive basis with the participation of foreign specialists and are tested for critical thinking, problem solving and English language skills. A student of the educational institution where the school is opening has the right to apply, regardless of the financial situation of the family. The selection of students in the first year required a tremendous logistical and security effort on the part of the Ministry of Public Education of Uzbekistan and the Cambridge Entrance Examination Assessment Team to ensure that honest, relevant and reliable methods are used to select students admitted to Presidential Schools. Presidential schools are educational facilities with the best teaching equipment, sports facilities, dormitories and highly qualified teaching staff. The curriculum at the Presidential Schools is extensive and balanced, with an emphasis on subjects in science, technology, engineering, art and mathematics. Pupils study subjects in English along with compulsory national subjects such as literature and history of Uzbekistan in Uzbek. It is planned to open "ten more Presidential schools" in the country. [Message from the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev to the Oliy Majlis, 29.12.20, p. 2]. The creation of Presidential Schools means that they can become centers of innovative secondary education and models for public schools in the regions of the country. This, in turn, will lead to the reform of the educational system as a whole and open up innovative prospects for young people. Therefore, the government of the country and the private sector are taking the necessary organizational measures to ensure deep learning of foreign languages by secondary school students. Especially for teaching English, Russian, Chinese, Arabic. However, there is an acute shortage of foreign language teachers in rural schools. According to the Ministry of Public Education of Uzbekistan, the number of university graduates in the specialties "Russian language and literature" does not cover 50% of the existing need. During a new stage of development in the republic, a number of projects are being implemented to promote the study of the Russian language in educational institutions. In order to improve the study of the Russian language, the international project "Class" is being implemented. The program is aimed at improving the quality of education in Russian. Russian language teachers from Russia will start working in Uzbek schools on a regular basis from 2021, 100 people each year. The project is being implemented with the support of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Public Education of Uzbekistan with financial support from the Art, Science, Sport charitable foundation. The executors of the special project are the Russian State Pedagogical University named after A.I. Herzen and the Republican Institute for Retraining and Advanced Training of Heads and Specialists of the Public Education System named after A. Avloni. Within the framework of an international project, teachers of secondary Auctores Publishing -Volume 2(5)-029 www.auctoresonline.org ISSN: 2768-0487 Page 3 of 7 schools will receive various forms of training aimed at improving their qualifications.

Methods and materials.
The main task of reforming school education is to train students with innovative thinking on the basis of modern pedagogical technologies. Taking into account the tasks of a new stage of development, a modern teacher should be a universal specialist, not only teach, but also simultaneously improve their qualifications, that is, constantly work on themselves, improve their professional knowledge, methodological level, and pedagogical qualifications. In modern conditions, practical measures are being taken to make the teaching profession the most prestigious and respected in the country. To achieve this noble goal, government agencies and the private sector are channeling the necessary funds and resources. An innovative approach to the process of reforming school education has shown that the most important form of expanding the admission of creative children to study in presidential and specialized private schools has become the awareness of the need to reform school education. This is also due to the fact that the country's entry into the world community has shown the shortcomings of school education and even more impose new requirements on the quality of the educational process in schools. However, during the period of institutional transformations in the conditions of a deepening market economy, it became clear that most of the graduates of secondary schools are not ready for changes, their theoretical, fundamental, humanitarian knowledge does not meet modern requirements. Scientific analysis of the educational process in the system of public education shows that many high school graduates are not focused on independent work in a new stage of development, they do not know the basics, patterns of development of socio-economic problems of the profound changes in the depths of the information society, especially in the context of globalization. Graduates of secondary schools, pouring into the economic life of the country, cannot find a worthy place in society and often find themselves in the ranks of the unemployed. In modern conditions in Uzbekistan, the number of students (6.24 million) significantly exceeds the design capacity of schools (5.06 million). If the trend continues, this difference will reach 2 million, for this reason over 70% of schools operate in two shifts. At the same time, due to population growth, there are 3007 schools in need of repair (135 -construction, 1177 -reconstruction, 1695 -major repairs). If we add to them such problems as the state of gyms, canteens, stoves, stoves, fencing, then solving these problems will require approximately 36.8 trillion soums ( However, the process of improving the reform of school education in a new stage of development of the country has been poorly studied, there are no specific approaches to the study of the problem, taking into account the peculiarities, the rating of schools, the provision of the teaching staff, the material, technical and information resource base of secondary educational institutions.
In the process of reforming school education, the issues of stimulating the educational and educational work of teachers in each school, the creation of new, real mechanisms for the introduction of new pedagogical technologies, innovative achievements of the teaching staff into practice are of particular importance. In this regard, it has become a new approach in the organization of secondary education, the creation of private schools. It should be noted that graduates of private schools receive certificates of graduation from the school of the unified state standard. One of the indicators of the quality of education of high school students is, after graduating from high school, their admission to higher educational institutions. In particular, in 2016, 9% of school graduates enrolled in higher educational institutions. Currently, this figure is 25%. In the future, it is planned to increase the share of applicants to higher educational institutions up to 50-60%. The issuance of preferential educational loans to families where two or more children study in higher educational institutions on a contract basis has been organized. Young people will be able to repay these loans when they graduate and start working. Since 2021, a Presidential Grant has been introduced for 200 young people with the highest score in university entrance exams. In higher educational institutions, the Presidential Scholarship is intended for only one academic year, and the funds from this grant will be paid for four years.
[Speech by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev at the Youth Forum of Uzbekistan, 12/26/2020, p. 2] In accordance with the government's decision, the examination costs of senior secondary schools, who scored at least 75 percent in the IELTS, TOEFL, GMAT, SAT exams, will be fully reimbursed. High school graduates who have received a special certificate in teaching skills in crafts and entrepreneurship will be allocated micro loans at rates 4 percent below the main rates of the Central Bank. These loans will be provided for a period of 7 years with a grace period of 3 years. To provide educational and methodological assistance to teachers of secondary schools in Tashkent, a modern information resource center and a library will be built in accordance with world requirements. A competition "Future Scientist" will be organized among schoolchildren and students of higher educational institutions. [Speech by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev at the youth forum of Uzbekistan, 26.12.20, p. 2] Sufficient funds will be allocated to the best innovative youth projects. One of the directions of reforming school education is to improve the quality of the lessons taught. This process is directly related to the pedagogical skill of teachers, their professional and qualification level, methodological training that meets the requirements of a modern school, and systematic work on improving their qualifications. It should be noted that more than 500 thousand teachers are currently working in the country's schools. To monitor the quality of the educational process in schools, a practice has been introduced to determine the level of teaching with marks in red, bright red, yellow and green. If not a single school graduate entered higher education institutions, they are marked in red, 10% of graduates entered higher education institutions in bright red, 30% of graduates entered higher education institutions in yellow, if more than 30% of graduates entered higher education institutions marked in green. As a result of this practice, schools marked in red will identify where the educational process is poorly organized, there are gaps in the methodological support of teachers, the work of the information and resource center of the school does not meet modern requirements, interruptions in the Internet and other shortcomings. Currently, the number of such schools in the country is 692.
In particular, the Kashkadarya region takes 13th place in the country in terms of the number of students enrolled in higher educational institutions. In 2020, of the graduates of 191 schools, not a single student entered universities. The analysis shows that in schools there is a high demand for teachers of higher qualifications, in the country only 3% of secondary school teachers have higher qualifications, 11% of teachers have been awarded the first qualification. In total, 14% of teachers across the country work in schools marked in green.

Results:
Auctores Publishing -Volume 2 (5) In Uzbekistan, it was announced that by 2030 the country should be among the 30 leading countries in the world in terms of the quality of secondary education. How can this indicator be achieved: firstly, it is necessary to improve the quality of the material and technical base of secondary schools. Secondly, to free teachers from unnecessary paperwork. Thirdly, to raise the level of teaching by teachers and their qualifications, mastering new knowledge. In order to resolve the priority tasks as soon as possible, the country has identified a number of priorities for reforming school education, creating normal conditions for obtaining high-quality education and spiritual and moral education of school youth, strengthening the material and technical base, equipping educational laboratories with modern equipment for secondary schools. Reform of school education must restore the lost credibility of school teachers. The head of state noted that "I want to emphasize once again: the teaching profession should become the most authoritative and respected in society and the task of the state is to create all conditions for teachers to first of all take care of providing children with quality education, as well as selfimprovement". [Message from the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev to Oliy Majlis, 29.12.20, p. 2] In the process of reforming school education, it became clear that highly qualified teachers are in demand in all schools, they are tutors in their subjects for students wishing to enter higher educational institutions. As shown by the results of the survey of the provision of secondary school teachers, teachers working in schools marked in red represent more than 50 percent of the total number of teachers employed in schools in the country. This circumstance requires them to constantly work on improving their professional qualifications. This creative work should ultimately provide an improvement in the quality of learning in schools. The next important step in ensuring the improvement of the quality of the educational process in schools is to raise salaries for highly qualified secondary school teachers. "To this end, it is necessary to implement a special program to provide schools in remote areas with qualified personnel and improve the quality of education. In particular, teachers who teach in a remote school in another area will be paid a 50 percent salary increase, and those who teach in another region will receive a 100 percent salary increase. " [Speech by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev at the Youth Forum of Uzbekistan, 26.12.20, p. 2]. The measures taken by state bodies should become an important incentive to improve the quality of the educational process in schools, to ensure healthy competition among teachers. The country is actively fighting corruption in the public education system, the "cleansing" in the public education system began with the heads of key departments of the Ministry of Public Education, who could influence this sphere in general, that some leaders received officially low salaries, but lived quite well. As a result, they replaced the staff, set them a normal salary level on the condition that they would not participate in corruption schemes. Work "on the ground" also began, because teachers were forced to pick cotton, and then they were given compensation, the source of which was extortion from their parents. Work is being carried out in the country to decentralize the management of the public education system. It should be noted that, until recently, the appointment of a school director had to be coordinated at the level of the central office of the ministry. Now the supervisory boards are engaged in this, thus, the appointment becomes more "transparent", which means there is less opportunity for corruption.
[Minister Sherzod Shermatov told how he fights corruption. https://centralasia.news/4255-ministr-sherzod-shermatov-rasskazal-kak-boretsja-s-korrupciej.html] During the cotton season, even ministry officials commanded teachers to pick cotton. And nobody was interested in creativity. As a result, today's school textbooks are very boring and difficult to read, they are compiled according to standards, but the question of what the standard is, how it was developed, was also not of interest to anyone. I do not want to throw stones at the past, but we need to voice the existing problems. Now we have created a creative team according to state educational standards. [Sherzod Shermatov on the problems and innovations in public education. Https://kun.uz/ru/news/2021/01/28/my-stremimsya-likvidirovat-mafiyusherzod-shermatov-o-problemax-i-novshestvax-v -narodnomobrazovanii]. A significant advance in the reform of school education is that the head of the regional and district administration of public education was approved as an advisor to the regional and district head. This measure envisages, first of all, that the public education adviser, regularly, in a timely manner, can draw the attention of the head of the region and district to the solution of the problem of secondary schools. In secondary schools, from January 1, 2021, the position of an advocate for socio-cultural issues will be introduced. Famous poets, writers, journalists and artists, professors and teachers of social and humanitarian departments of higher educational institutions, recommended by the Union of Writers of Uzbekistan, are attracted to the post of a propagandist on social and cultural issues. Starting from the 2021/2022 academic year, the practice of "Vocational Guidance Systems" is being introduced for graduates of general education institutions to choose a profession corresponding to their abilities and interests, to take a worthy place in the labor market and to achieve success in their professional activities. It is planned to conduct interactive surveys among students, determine interests in professions and create a database of students, starting from the seventh grade, organize once a month special courses on the topic "Journey to the world of professions" for seventh grade students. Among high school students, conduct at least once a quarter training seminars on the topic: "My future profession" for eighth grade students, to orient students to the professions they want to master in the future. Based on the results of the pedagogical and psychological diagnostics of the professional predisposition of ninth grade students, organize work on vocational guidance for students who in the future can receive education in vocational schools in specific working professions. [Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. "On measures for the further development of the spheres of education and upbringing, science in the new period of development of Uzbekistan." 07.11.20, p. 1] Attention is paid to the development of the National Curriculum on the basis of the studied international experience. For the effective introduction of the new methodology, all school teachers will be trained via video communication with the participation of foreign experts, the teaching staff of pedagogical universities and research institutes will be involved in the process, the methodology for training future teachers will be updated. As part of the scientific project, the best foreign textbooks on school subjects in mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology and computer science will be studied. It is planned to introduce the practice of studying the interests and step-by-step career guidance of students starting from the 7th grade. Industrial, agricultural and service enterprises will be assigned to schools. A rating of schools will be developed and on this basis a rating of the quality of education will be determined in the context of districts, cities and regions. Based on the results of the rating, the performance of school principals and their deputies, teachers, district leaders and their education advisers will be assessed. School principals that are in the top five of the rating will be paid a bonus to their official salary from the local budget. Heads and methodologists of public education departments, directors and 2 leading school teachers, who took first and second places in the district ranking, will be provided annually with free two-week vouchers to sanatoriums at the expense of trade unions. In improving the quality of education in schools, the issues of improving the qualifications of teachers are of particular importance. Currently, secondary school teachers Auctores Publishing -Volume 2(5)-029 www.auctoresonline.org ISSN: 2768-0487 Page 5 of 7 undergo advanced training every 5 years, and management personnel every 3 years. However, this is not enough to fully cover all teachers. In this regard, 11 thousand school teachers of the Syrdarya region are experimenting with distance training courses. In the future, distance learning will be organized for teachers of Bukhara, Samarkand, Fergana regions and the city of Tashkent. Tashkent State Pedagogical University has been defined as the basic university for advanced training of teachers. The Avloni Republican Institute for Advanced Training of Teachers will function as a research institute for an in-depth study of the problems of school education. As part of the ongoing reform of school education, a radical revision requires the procedure for determining the category of teachers working in the public education system. The current system of attestation of secondary school teachers, consisting of 4 stages, remains overly bureaucratic. In this regard, measures are being taken to simplify the procedure for assigning categories, to switch to a two-stage system that allows assessing the knowledge of teachers throughout the year. The government adopted a decree stipulating that school principals will be appointed on a competitive basis in agreement directly with local councils of people's deputies. Each candidate will have to submit their own program to improve the performance of the school, over the next 3 years and report annually to the councils of people's deputies. An important innovative aspect in reforming modern school education in Uzbekistan is the need for further modernization of the educational process in schools, regular invitations of teachers from foreign countries to exchange experiences. Pedagogical universities and research institutes of the pedagogical direction are working on the further development of school education, publishing the results of research work in international indexed journals, expanding the international relations of universities to exchange new pedagogical technologies. Together with state organizations and the private sector, work is being carried out to organize and further introduce into practice new forms of encouraging the work of school teachers.

Discussion:
The

Conclusions:
First, in order to further improve school education, it is necessary to take additional measures to improve the material and technical base of schools.
Secondly, the quality of the lessons taught at school, first of all, depends on the scientific, methodological level of the teacher. This task highlights the creation of conditions for school teachers to improve their qualifications, primarily on a remote basis, ensuring the constant operation of high-speed Internet at school.
Thirdly, each school must be provided in sufficient quantity with textbooks and teaching aids in all subjects, fiction, popular science literature at the expense of the state budget and sponsorship from the private sector, organize a subscription to newspapers and magazines in Russian and English, and other foreign languages.
Fourth, to take measures to provide school gyms with the necessary equipment and organize sports events,invitation to work in secondary schools of famous athletes, coaches by types of sports games.
Fifth, in order to provide secondary schools with young specialists, graduates of pedagogical universities, it is necessary to build service apartments for teachers in remote areas.
Sixth, in each school to arrange electronic stands about sports, creative achievements of students, school graduates.
Seventh, specially for the children of shepherds, livestock breeders, farmers living in remote settlements, to build boarding schools in regional centers.
Eighth, to create an information network for teachers of schools in remote areas, where to regularly insert information on innovations in the field of educational and methodological work, on the publication of new textbooks, teaching aids, fiction for children.
Ninth, to widely advertise among teachers, educational and methodological achievements, successes in the spiritual and moral education of students in Presidential, specialized and private schools.
Tenth, to improve educational work among children with disabilities. Take measures to provide them with educational, stationery, textbooks, teaching aids, assign experienced teachers to them. Create conditions for their access to high-speed Internet, study foreign languages, play sports, attend various creative circles.

Recommendation:
First, to regularly conduct a sociological survey among teachers on the further improvement of the educational process in schools. This work, first of all, should be started among the students of the regional institutes for advanced training of teachers. The results of the sociological survey should become an important source, information and analytical material in improving and improving the quality of school education, in attracting the attention of state bodies to solving problems in the field of education.
Secondly, in each school to create a radio and television studio to promote the creative, sporting success of students. Create conditions, improve the material and technical base of various circles, where students could study under the guidance of experienced teachers.
Thirdly, with the youth union, create an electronic database on excellent students, creative, talented schoolchildren of each village, city, district and region. If necessary, they can be consulted in choosing a future profession, and after successful graduation from professional colleges, technical schools and universities, invite them to work.
Fourth, to improve the work of summer health and sports camps, to create a summer training center for secondary school students to study foreign languages in every district and city. Children should be admitted to the summer training center on the recommendation of school principals.
Fifth, systematically organize radio and television broadcasts, publish articles in newspapers at the district and regional level about the creative achievements of students, the use of new pedagogical technology by teachers in the educational process in schools.
Sixth, the government, together with the private sector, should take measures to further increase the salaries of secondary school teachers.