AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Mini-Review
*Corresponding Author: Sci. Tsuneo Ishida, 2-3-6, Saido, Midori-Ku, Saitama-Shi, Saitama-Ken, 〒336-0907, Japan.
Citation: Sci. Tsuneo Ishida. (2020) Bats: Zinc (Ⅱ)-immune pediatric virucidal activities for 2019-nCoV prevention and therapeutic effects of COVID-19 bronchitis and pneumonia. Biomedical Research and Clinical Reviews. 1(2); DOI: 10.31579/2692-9406/012
Copyright: ©2020 Sci. Tsuneo Ishida, This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 01 July 2020 | Accepted: 25 July 2020 | Published: 29 July 2020
Keywords: zinc-induced immune pediatric intake; 2019-cov prevention; covid-19 bronchitis and pneumonia; serum zinc level; zn2+-coordinated pattern
Zinc (Ⅱ)-immune pediatric virucidal activities for children with 2019-nCoV prevention and COVID-19 bronchitis and pneumonia are discussed, and these Zn2+-immune pediatric virucidal effects result in the following.
Zinc intakes by zinc induced immunity are required 3 mg/day for 7 month to 3 years, 5 mg/day for 4～ 8 years, and 8 mg/day for 9 ～13 years in children. Zinc supplementation have been assessed, from 15 mg to 140 mg/week, with the upper range exceeding the recommended daily infection (RDI) for children of 2 mg/day for children less than one year of age and up to 7 mg/day for children between 1 to 3 years.
Zinc induced pediatric preventing respiratory 2019-nCoV is required that supplementation with zinc gluconate 20 mg in Zn deficient children resulted in a nearly twofold reduction of acute lower respiratory infections as well as the time to recovery. Zinc supplementation in children is associated with a reduction in the incidence and prevalence of pneumonia. Preventing 2019-nCoV pneumonia is required that zinc supplementation alone (10 to 20 mg) for more than 3 months significantly reduces in the rate of pneumonia.
Prophylactic zinc supplementation for two weeks may reduce the morbidity due to acute lower respiratory infections. Zinc gluconate supplement may result in significant reduction in respiratory morbidity among children with acute lower respiratory infections. In addition. as serum zinc level of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI)-children was very low, higher zinc concentration treatments as low sociodemographic factors, poor nutritional status and male children were prevalently associated with higher incidence of acute respiratory infections.
Adjuvant treatment with 20 mg zinc/day accelerates recovery from severe pneumonia in children. Primary outcome was recovery from pneumonia and 30 mg/day of zinc supplementation reduces pneumonia in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Zinc supplementation + Chloroquine (CQ)/hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) may be more effective in reducing COVID-19 morbidity and mortality than CQ or HCQ in monotherapy. The serum zinc level returned to a normal level (median, 53.20 μmol/L) on day 12±2 in the treatment. There was no statistical difference in the pediatric critic illness score, lung injury score, length of hospital stay, and duration of mechanical ventilation between the zinc treatments. The oxidative stress in pediatric diseases causes an oxidative burst that results in a respiratory burst and rapid ROS production.
Thus, zinc pediatric intake may be required to be effective range 10～20 mg/d for 2019-CoV prevention, 10～30 mg/d for reduction of COVID-19 bronchitis, and 20～30 mg/d for recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia, in which Zn2+ could bind with viral surface proteins by Zn2+ions-centered tetrahedrally coordination pattern.
ARI=acute respiratory infection, ARDS=acute respiratory distress syndrome, ALRI=acute lower respiratory infection, BCG=Bacille Calmette-Guerin, CQ=Chloroquine, CKD=chronic kidney disease,COVID-19=Coronavitrus disease-19, HCQ=hydroxychloroquine, MERS= Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, NADPH= nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, Nox=NADPH oxidases, PICU=pediatric intensive care unit, RDI=recommended daily intake, ROS=reactive oxygen species, RR=Risk Ratio, SARS=Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, SARS-CoV-2=Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2, XO=xanthine oxidase.
Epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of pediatric patients with coronaviruses disease-19 (COVID-19) infection are exhibited that the infected children had coinfection with other common respiratory pathogens and the pediatric patients have prolonged fecal shedding of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA during the convalescent phase that most pediatric patients had relatively mild disease with good prognosis, which could be seen in children infected with SARS-CoV respiratory viruses with innate immunity in response to pathogen [1]. COVID-19 in children is relatively mild that it is easy to miss the diagnosis in the early stages when present with a non-respiratory disease. The other, severe COVID-19 can also occur in children with underlying or coexisting diseases that the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection should be suspected when children show digestive tract symptoms, especially with a severe systemic inflammatory reaction, fever and/or exposure history [2]. Pediatric cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 are relatively fewer cases of COVID-19 among children compared to cases among adult patients. The mild disease in children may be related to trained immunity that refers to the use of certain vaccines such as Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) to train innate immunity to generate immune memory [3]. On the case of severe pediatric COVID-19 infection, severe thrombocytopenia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are presented, including patient’s severe disease course was associated with thrombocytopenia and elevated inflammatory markers. The patient’s severe respiratory disease did not improve on IVIg, steroids, azithromycin, and hydroxychloroquine that hyperin flammation may be important in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 severe acute respiratory syndrome. Finally, randomized placebo controlled clinical trials was used to study drugs like tocilizumab and remdesivir to include children in addition to adults with COVID-19 [4].
On the other hand, zinc utilization to pediatric antivitus activity becomes effective for childrrn health that zinc-binding proteins such as the metallothioneins may possess antiviral roles, although their specific function remains uncertain [5]. Zinc deficiency is associated with increased respiratory morbidity. Zinc is an antioxidant that protects cells from the damaging effects of oxygen radicals generated during immune activation. The adverse effects of zinc deficiency on the immune system are likely to increase the susceptibility of children and lead to a zinc-deficient state. Therefore, zinc supplementation could conceivably modulate the immune and inflammatory responses to viruses in a way that are beneficial to the host [6]. The demonstrated preventive therapeutic effect of zinc in treatment of childhood pneumonia is conflicting. Despite the earlier observed reduction of treatment failure risk and case fatality in children with severe pneumonia, a more recent study demonstrated that Zn supplementation in 2-24 months old children with radiologically verified pneumonia did not result in significant improvement of risk reduction of treatment failure. Moreover, Zn supplementation in Zn-deficient children with pneumonia until achievement of normal serum Zn levels did not improve clinical appearance of the disease [7].
In this mini-review, firstly, zinc induced intake-immune children are described, secondly zinc-immune peridiatic virucidal activities for 2019-nCoV prevention, COVID-19 respiratory ailment and pneumonia are discussed, and lastly, zinc induced ROS generation in COVID-19 infection is argued, including with molecular mechsnism which Zn2+ ions could bind with COVID-19 RNA viral surface proteins by Zn2+-centered tetrahedrally coordination pattern.
Zinc-induced immune children
Zinc intakes by zinc induced immunity are known to be required 3 mg/day for 7 month to 3 years, 5 mg/day for 4～ 8 years, and 8 mg/day for 9 ～13 years in children. Zinc deficiency was very mild (3 to 5.0 mg Zn intake during the zinc-restricted period), the plasma zinc concentration remained more or less within the normal range and it decreased only after 4～5 months of zinc restriction. The other, zinc concentrations in lymphocytes, granulocytes, and platelets decreased within 8～12 weeks, suggesting that the assay of cellular zinc provided a more sensitive criterion for diagnosing mild deficiency of zinc, in which zinc enhances the upregulation of mRNA, which in both young adults and elderly subjects, zinc supplementation decreased oxidative stress markers and generation of inflammatory cytokines [8]. A range of zinc supplementation has been assessed, from 15 mg to 140 mg/week, with the upper range exceeding the recommended daily intake (RDI) for children of 2 mg/day for children less than one year of age and up to 7 mg/day for children between 1 to 3 years [9].
Zinc-immune pediatric prevention for respiratory ailment and pneumonia against 2019-nCoV infection
Zn supplementation significantly decreased the incidence of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) defined according to specific clinical criteria in children aged <5 years that zinc reduced childhood with ALRI, but the effect was null if lower specificity case definitions were applied. However, the factor was remained unexplained [10]
Zinc induced pediatric preventing respiratory 2019-nCoV is required as supplementation with 10 mg zinc gluconate in Zn deficient children resulted in a nearly twofold reduction of the number of episodes of acute lower respiratory infections as well as the time to recovery [11]. Among paediatric populations zinc supplementation for more than 3 months could be effective in preventing pneumonia in children younger than 5 years of age, although the evidence was not robust enough to advocate prophylactic properties if given for shorter periods of time [12]. Given the rising burden of child mortality due to respiratory infections, particularly pneumonia, and considering its decreasing impact with zinc supplementation, further reviews should be considered in which the effectiveness of zinc supplementation should be assessed for acute pneumonia provided that cases are well-defined by strict clinical criteria. Thus, zinc supplementation in children is associated with a reduction in the incidence and prevalence of pneumonia [13].
Preventing pneumonia is required that zinc supplementation alone (10 to 20 mg), for more than 3 months, was associated with a significant reduction in the rate of pneumonia by 19%, with Risk Ratio (RR) of 0.81 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.90). Mortality was not statistically different (RR = 0.85; 95% CI 0.65 to 1.11) [14].
Antiviral avtivity of Zn2+ ions for the children with respiratory COVID-19 infection
The role of zinc for adult patients with 2019-nCoV infection may be chiefly efficient at the preventions of 2019-CoV, COVID-19 bronchitis and pneumonia, and at the recovery from COVID-19 acute inflammatory lung [15]. However, the influence of zinc on children patients with 2019-nCoV infection may be not necessarily simmilar to adult patients.
Zn supplementation of 30 mg/day in Thai children reduced significantly severity of acute lower respiratory tract infections resulting in faster disease cessation and shorter hospital stay [16].
A decrease of 15% (0.78-0.94) in days and 12% (0.78-0.94) in duration of episode in acute respiratory infections was observed. Incidence of acute lower respiratory infections decreased by 62% (0.26-0.36) and the effect remained for full five months of follow up. Prophylactic zinc supplementation for two weeks may reduce the morbidity due to acute lower respiratory infections but not overall rate of acute respiratory infections in infants aged 6～11 months in similar populations [17]. Effectiveness of zinc gluconate supplementation for 2 months period compared to placebo in reducing respiratory morbidity in acute lower respiratory infected children up to 5 years of age living in zinc poor population. Zinc supplement may result in significant reduction in respiratory morbidity among children with acute lower respiratory infections [11].
Serum zinc level was very low (25.19 ± 15.49 μgmol/L) with acute respiratory infection (ARI) children as compared that (55. 51 ± 31.15 μgmol/L) with non-ARI children, in which environment and nutritional status were found to be prevalently associated with higher incidence of acute respiratory infections and serum zinc content had been varied with corresponding sociodemograpic, nutritional and health care profile [18].
Antiviral avtivity of Zn2+ ions for the children with COVID-19 pneumonia
Pneumonia is one of the most common implications of lower respiratory tract involvement. The pneumonia is an inflammation on pulmonary parenchyma resulting in exutative solidification of pulmonary tissue of the effect of zinc on the clinical course of pneumoniain 3 to 60-month-old children hospitalized in pediatric wards. Adjuvant treatment with 20 mg zinc per day accelerates recovery from severe pneumonia in children, and could help reduce antimicrobial resistance by decreasing multiple antibiotic exposures, and lessen complications and deaths where second line drugs are unavailable. The mean reduction is equivalent to 1 hospital day for both severe pneumonia and time in hospital. All effects were greater when children with wheezing were omitted from the analysis.20 mg zinc per day can accelerate the recovery from severe pneumonia in children [19].
The effect of zinc on clinical course of 3 to 60-month children hospitalized due to pneumonia was assumed that this element (zinc) was effective in resolving clinical symptoms and duration of hospitalization. Zinc supplements given during an acute episode are not beneficial in short-term clinical recovery from severe pneumonia in hospitalized children. Primary outcome was recovery from pneumonia which included the incidence and resolving clinical symptoms and duration of hospitalization [20]. Zinc may bebene-ficial for nutritional status in children and adolescent with chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to the fact that participants may have improved their nutritional status through the slight but significant gain in their body mass, especially with 30 mg/day of zinc supplementation. 30 mg/day of zinc supplementation reduces pneumonia in children with CKD [21]. Zinc + Chloroquine (CQ)/ hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) may be more effective in reducing COVID-19 morbidity and mortality than CQ or HCQ in monotherapy [22].
The serum zinc level returned to a normal level (median, 53.20 μmol/L) on day 12 ± 2 in the treatment. There was no statistical difference in the pediatric critic illness score, lung injury score, length of hospital stay, and duration of mechanical ventilation between the zinc treatments [23]. The mean serum zinc in patients was normal (80.77 + 25.3 μg/dL) yet, the mean serum zinc level in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients was lower than that of general ward patients that the lower the serum zinc level, the higher the grade of respiratory distress among children with pneumonia [24]. Moreover, treatment of zinc sulfate plus hydroxychloroquine may play a role in therapeutic management for COVID-19 petients without PICU [25].
Zinc-induced ROS generation in COVID-19 respiratory ailment and pneumonia
Respiratory viruses are known to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating enzymes, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NADPH oxidases, Nox) and xanthine oxidase (XO) and to disturb antioxidant defenses. ROS generation can induce cell death and the release of virions representing possible proviral role of enhanced ROS production and altered redox balance. The oxidative stress is an antiviral immune response. too strong immune responses lead to a cytokine storm and severe inflammation, which may disturb lung function and antioxidant supplementation is expected to ameliorate the consequ-ences of infection [26].
Zinc induced ROS generation in respiratory and pulmonary COVID-19 infected cells is that the univalent reduction of oxygen generates superoxide •O2−, hydrogen peroxide H2O2, and hydroxyl radicals •OH, all of which are reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS production and its elimination by the anti-oxidant defense system in cells is a highly modulated process for maintaining normal physiological function in the body, in which the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases are a group of plasma membrane-associated enzymes which catalyze the production of superoxide •O2− from oxygen by using NADPH as the electron donor. Thus, zinc acts as a potent agent by inhibition of ROS production and inflammation [27]. The oxidative stress in pediatric diseases causes an oxidative burst that results in a respiratory burst and rapid ROS production, including superoxide and hydrogen peroxide [28]. However, ROS production in zinc(Ⅱ)-immune pediatric patient with COVID-19 bronchitis and pneumonia cannot be elucidated yet.
In addition, the role of zinc to pediatric vaccine plays an important 2019-nCoV RNA viral degradation, whether a transcriptional step may be involved in zinc-caused inhibition of vaccinia virus growth, zinc-ions (at lower concentration) could inhibit the infection by viral mRNAs degradation, and zinc-ions could inhibit 2019-nCoV by recruiting both the 5’ and 3’ mRNA degradation to specifically promote the degradation [29].
As mentioned above, Zn2+ ions-induced pediatric virucidal activities for 2019-nCoV prevention and COVID-19 bronchitis and pneumonia are summarily represented in Table 1.
In conclusion, zinc pediatric intake may be required to be effective range 10～20 mg/d for 2019-CoV prevention, 10～30 mg/d for reduction of COVID-19 bronchitis, and 20～30 mg/d for recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia, in which the molecular mechanism may possess that Zn2+ ions could bind with viral surface proteins by Zn2+-centered tetrahedrally coordination pattern [30].
Zinc (Ⅱ)-immune pediatric virucidal activities for children with 2019-nCoV prevention and therapeutic effect of COVID-19 bronchitis and pneumonia are discussed, and these pediatric virucidal activity effects result in the following.
Zinc intakes by zinc induced immunity are required 3 mg/day for 7 month to 3 years, 5 mg/day for 4～ 8 years, and 8 mg/day for 9 ～13 years in children. Supplementation have also been assessed, from 15 mg to 140 mg/week, with the upper range exceeding the RDI for children of 2 mg/day for children less than one year of age and up to 7 mg/day for children between 1 to 3 years.
Zinc deficiency was very mild (3 to 5.0 mg Zn intake during the zinc-restricted period), the plasma zinc concentration remained more or less within the normal range and it decreased only after 4～5 months of zinc restriction. On the other hand, zinc concent-rations in lymphocytes, granulocytes, and platelets decreased within 8～12 weeks, suggesting that the assay of cellular zinc provided a more sensitive criterion for diagnosing mild deficiency of zinc, in which zinc enhances the upregulation of mRNA, which in both young adults and elderly subjects,zinc supplementation decreased oxidative stress markers and generation of inflammatory cytokines.
Zinc supplementation reduced the incidence of childhood with ALRI defined by relatively specific clinical criteria, but the effect was null if lower specificity case definitions were applied. The choice of ALRI case definition may substantially influence inferences from community trials regarding the efficacy of preventive interventions. Zinc induced pediatric preventing respiratory 2019-nCoV is that specifically, supplementation with zinc gluconate 10 mg in Zn deficient children resulted in a nearly twofold reduction of the number of episodes of acute lower respiratory infections as well as the time to recovery. Zinc supplementation in children is associated with a reduction in the incidence and prevalence of pneumonia.
Preventing pneumonia is required that zinc supplementation alone (10 to 20 mg), for more than 3 months, was associated with a significant reduction in the rate of pneumonia by 19%, with an RR of 0.81 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.90) when compared with the control group (placebo, vitamins, other minerals).
Supplementation (30 mg/day) in Thai children significantly reduced severity of acute lower respiratory tract infections resulting in faster disease cessation and shorter hospital stay. Prophylactic zinc supplementation for two weeks may reduce the morbidity due to acute lower respiratory infections but not overall rate of acute respiratory infections in infants aged 6～11 months in similar populations. Zinc gluconate may result in significant reduction in respiratory morbidity among children with acute lower respiratory infections in zinc poor population. In addition. as serum zinc level of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI)-children was very low, higher zinc concentration treatments as low sociodemographic factors, poor nutritional status and male children were prevalently associated with higher incidence of acute respiratory infections.
Pneumonia is an inflammation on pulmonary parenchyma resulting in exutative solidification of pulmonary tissue, having the effect of zinc on the clinical course of pneumoniain 3 to 60-month-old children hospitalized in pediatric wards. Adjuvant treatment with 20 mg zinc per day accelerates recovery from severe pneumonia in children. Primary outcome was recovery from pneumonia which included the incidence and resolving clinical symptoms and duration of hospitalization. Zinc supplementation 30mg/day reduces pneumonia in children with CKD. Zinc + CQ/HCQ may be more effective in reducing COVID-19 morbidity and mortality than CQ or HCQ in monotherapy.
The serum zinc level returned to a normal level (median, 53.20 μmol/L) on day 12±2 in the treatment. There was no statistical difference in the pediatric critic illness score, lung injury score, length of hospital stay, and duration of mechanical ventilation between the zinc treatment. Respiratory viruses are known to induce ROS-generating enzymes and lead to an oxidative stress thatthe oxidative stress in pediatric diseases causes an oxidative burst that results in a respiratory burst and rapid ROS production, including superoxide and hydrogen peroxide.
Accordingly, zinc pediatric intake may be required to be effective range 10～20 mg/d for 2019-CoV prevention, 10～30 mg/d for reduction of COVID-19 bronchitis, and 20～30 mg/d for recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia, in which the molecular mechanism may possess that Zn2+ ions could bind with viral surface proteins by Zn2+-centered tetrahedrally coordination pattern.
Conflicts of Interest
The author declares there is no conflicts of interest.
Sources of funding: None
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
