AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Review Article
*Corresponding Author: Onur Oral M.D. Ph. D, Ege University Faculty of Sports Sciences, Department of Health Sciences and Sports, Izmir, Turkey.
Citation: Onur Oral, Zeinab Rezaee, Pınar Tatlibal, (2024), The Positive Impact of Physical Activity Programs on Overall Child Health and Wellbeing, J. Endocrinology and Disorders, 8(3): DOI:10.31579/2640-1045/186
Copyright: © 2024, Onur Oral. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 14 May 2024 | Accepted: 22 May 2024 | Published: 30 May 2024
Keywords: physical activity programs; overall health; children’s psychological health; movement programs
Background
One of the most remarkable and significant topics of interest in the field of pediatric medicine is the positive impact of physical activity programs on overall child health and wellbeing. This review article aims to highlight the physical, mental and social aspects of physical activity programs and explore how movement programs can contribute to a healthier next generation by highlighting their benefits for children's health.
Materials and Methods
In the search for scientific literature for this review, data from the US National Library of Medicine (PubMed), PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and SportDiscus were used, and the terms “movement programs’’,’’ overall health’’, ‘’ physical activity programs’’, and “children’s psychological health” were used. The relevant literature has also taken its source from the research of relevant articles from reference lists derived from data searches.
Results
In today's modern world, where children are becoming increasingly sedentary and spending more time indoors in front of screens, it is becoming increasingly clear how physical activity programs play a vital role in improving children's health. Therefore, physical activity programs appear to have an extremely important health impact on children's physical, socioemotional, and psychological health by providing them with opportunities to participate in structured physical activities such as sports, games, and exercise.
Conclusion
It is recommended that movement programs be introduced in early childhood to help children develop a habit of physical activity. These physical activity programs should be designed in a way that encourages children to engage in physical activity in a playful and non-competitive manner. It is also important to recognize that movement programs can contribute to the physical and psychological health of children, while also fostering their social development.
Obesity is defined as a major public health problem worldwide and is becoming increasingly common among children all over the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2020), an estimated 340 million children and adolescents aged 5-19 were overweight or obese in 2019, emphasizing that childhood obesity can lead to various health problems in both the short and long terms.
Studies show that obese children have an increased risk of various health problems due to excess weight. Obesity is caused by the interaction of genetic and epigenetic factors and leads to health problems and decreased quality of life with energy homeostasis and cognitive-emotional problems and obesity treatment should be planned with multicomponent approaches (Lister, et al.,2023). Many metabolic problems are observed associated with childhood obesity, and one of the most important health problems is known as type 2 diabetes. Kelsey et al. (2019) stated that obese children were more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than non-obese children and exercise can improve insulin sensitivity, an important physiological mechanism in preventing type 2 diabetes in children. while Daniels et al. (2012) underline that obese child, who develop type 2 diabetes have a high risk of complications such as kidney disease, cardiovascular disease and retinopathy.
In addition to type 2 diabetes being one of the important health problems in obese and overweight children, these children also have a high risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Freedman et al. (2019) found that obese children had higher triglyceride, LDL cholesterol and blood pressure levels than non-obese children, and pointed out that these negative factors for children's overall health may increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease in adulthood. In addition to these metabolic problems, it is stated that excess weight and obesity also cause musculoskeletal system problems. A study by Stovitz et al. (2008) found that obese children were more likely to experience joint pain and musculoskeletal disorders than non-obese children. And, it has also been emphasized that obese children and adolescents may experience musculoskeletal pain, especially in the knee and hip joints, and that this pain may be related to overweight and obesity problems. Therefore, it may be useful to recommend a physical activity program targeting successful weight control in order to reduce musculoskeletal pain. (de Sá Pinto, et., al 2006).
Many researches show that exercise can have a positive effect on children's weight management, and underlines that physical activity is a very effective method in the prevention and treatment of obesity. A study by Gutin & Owens (1999) stated that exercise is one of the promising interventions in improving body fat distribution and weight control for children, considering that exercise programs can lead to a decrease in body fat percentage in children. Similarly, White et al. (2019) stated in a research study that a physical activity program can improve the cardiovascular health of overweight or obese children by contributing to children's weight management and also, in many studies similar to this study, it has been emphasized that regular physical activity programs have positive therapeutic effects on cardiovascular health in both children and adults (Brand, et al., 2023; Cesa, et al., 2022; Szabo-Reed, et al., 2019).
Kostecka et al. (2017) found that children who participated in regular physical activity were more likely to engage in healthy behaviors, such as eating fruits and vegetables, and less likely to engage in unhealthy behaviors, such as smoking and drinking alcohol. These findings highlight that physical activity may also help children develop healthy habits that can prevent overweight and obesity in the long term (Lazzeri, et al., 2013).
Obese children may also experience social and psychological problems such as low self-esteem, depression, and social isolation. Carter et al. (2021) found that exercise was associated with improved cognitive functions in children, especially in the areas of attention and memory. In addition to this study, many studies have shown that movement programs have a positive effect on mental health (Biddle, & Asare, 2011; Deng, et al.,2023)
Discussion
Studies have shown that exercise programs can provide positive effects in the prevention and treatment of obesity in children. Ekelund et al. (2019), in a research study, showed that the body mass index (BMI) of children who participated in an exercise program was lower than those who did not participate, similarly, Warburton et al. (2019) underlined that children participating in exercise programs improve the functions of the cardiovascular system and improve the cardiovascular health of children (Wu, et al., 2019).
Additionally, Tremblay et al. (2019) found that exercise programs can reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in children. Since overweight and obesity are important risk factors for type 2 diabetes in children, it is especially important that movement programs contribute in this regard. Trost & Loprinzi (2008) stated in their study that exercise programs can also help children develop healthy habits that can prevent obesity in the long term. This research study found that children who participated in an exercise program were more likely to participate in physical activity outside of the program (Carson, et al., 2016).
While a study by Fox (1999) emphasized that regular physical activity can improve mood and reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression in children, and Loprinzi et al. (2015) showed that physical activity can increase cognitive function and academic performance by supporting memory development in children. All these findings suggest that exercise may be an effective intervention in improving children's psychological health. In light of these studies, it should be considered appropriate for parents to encourage their children to participate in regular physical activity to help reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression, improve cognitive functions, and increase self-confidence (Lin, & Gao, 2023).
Since data from the World Health Organization (WHO) shows that childhood obesity is a growing problem that has the potential to affect metabolic balances, it is imperative to take urgent measures to combat this metabolic problem. The World Health Organization emphasizes that the problem of childhood obesity not only has long-term consequences in adulthood, but also that overweight children may face a wide range of difficulties with metabolic and psychological effects. Certain metabolic and psychological problems of overweight children include breathing difficulties, inadequate bone development, hypertension, insulin resistance and lack of self-confidence.
Since it is observed that impaired nutritional balance and lack of physical activity, especially in early childhood, can cause weight balance problems and overweight, İt is becoming increasingly clear that developing healthy eating and physical activity habits can play an important role in preventing and treating overweight problems and supporting the healthy growth and development of children.
Although there are many medical methods to combat these metabolic problems and the risk of obesity that these problems may cause, there is a clear consensus worldwide on the importance of natural, healthy nutrition and regular exercise habits for children to live a healthy life, grow up and develop healthy.
Since it is observed that children are the group at the highest risk of obesity, it is important to prevent the possible negative effects of child obesity on the process of healthy growth and development. In clinical studies on the effect of healthy eating and physical activity habits on children's health, it has been observed that the problem of excess weight can also have an impact on children's psychological well-being. It is therefore important to encourage children to develop healthy physical activity habits during this period, as this can help them gain a sense of self-confidence, express themselves, and thus gain a healthy psychological structure.
It is recommended that movement programs that are also worth noting which play an active role in preventing overweight and obesity, should be initiated in early childhood to help children develop a habit of physical activity. These physical activity programs should include enjoyable movement programs in a game-like setting, away from competitive sports. It is also important to recognize that while these programs contribute to the physical and psychological health of children, they can also help their social development.
We would like to express our special thanks to Evangelia STAVROPOULOU for her very successful contribution to the literature research process and unique academic support in the publication during the process of this review article.
Conflict of interest
The author certifies that there is no conflict of interest with any financial organization regarding the material discussed in the manuscript.
Funding
The author certifies that there is no funding from any financial organization regarding the material discussed in the manuscript or contributions:
Author contributions
All the authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
