AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Research Article
*Corresponding Author: Dada. R. Nanaware, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.
Citation: M. S. Deshmukh, Tanaji N. Ghagare, Dada. R. Nanaware, Kavita. S. Vadrale, Santosh. S. Sutar, (2023), Synthetic Agricultural Inputs and Its Impact on Foodgrains and Human Health, J, Biotechnology and Bioprocessing, 4(2); DOI:10.31579/2766-2314/100
Copyright: © 2023, Dada. R. Nanaware. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 14 April 2023 | Accepted: 24 April 2023 | Published: 03 May 2023
Keywords: food security; nutrition; health; undernourishment; non-communicable diseases; synthetic agriculture inputs
The objective of this paper is to investigate the use of chemical inputs (fertilizer and pesticides) in the agriculture sector and its impact on human health concerning the availability of food grains, the prevalence of under-nourishment people, and non-communicable diseases worldwide. Inadequate food, unhealthy and low-nutrient food are some of the major reasons for decreasing children's and adults' health wellness. The use of fertilisers can increase crop output and yields but also create environmental pollution. Worldwide, use of chemical fertilizer has increased from 137.18 million tonnes in 2001 to 200.57 million tonnes in 2020. Pesticide elements control and protect plants against visible and invisible pests, which can negatively impact biodiversity and farmers' and/or workers' health, excessive use of pesticides indirectly affects food, and food becomes poisonous. This study found that, in 2020 worldwide, the share of use of insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, bactericides, and other pesticides in total pesticide was found to be 17.57%, 57.28%, 24.8%, and 0.28% respectively. The average growth rate of fertilizer use (1.88%) was higher than pesticides use (1.68%) in the agriculture sector worldwide. The per capita net availability of food grain was 347.10 kg per annum and 0.95 kg per day in the world during 2001. The food grain per capita availability is 394.58 kg per annum and 1.08 kg per day in 2020. Worldwide, under-nourished people declined from 13.1% (815.7 million) in 2001 to 9.8% (767.9 million) in 2021, which indicates that one (1) in every nine (9) people still has insufficient food to survive an active and healthy life. Interestingly, this study came to the conclusion that the use of chemical inputs in agriculture has increased per capita net availability of foodgrain, and as a result, the number of undernourished individuals has decreased. On the contrary, the rate of non-communicable diseases and utilization of chemical inputs in agriculture is constantly increasing in the world during the study period.
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all United Nations Members that includes 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The second goal of Sustainable Development is zero hunger- pledges to end hunger, achieve food, nutrition security, and sustainable agriculture development (UN 2019). The third goal of the SDGs is to promote good health and well-being for all ages. It is planned to create a 'hunger-free world' by 2030. Agriculture and allied sectors are the leading food security and nutrition instruments (UN 2019). The main objective is to improve food access to all people and to a malnutrition-free society. Food security and nutrition are the leading indicators of a healthy, secure and prosperous human being. Every country worldwide has been working to achieve this goal within a timeline. Agriculture is essential to enable a healthy diet for all. The rapid population growth, overutilization of chemical inputs in agriculture, decreasing soil quality, changes in climate conditions, inadequate storage facilities, and imbalance in biodiversity are the main obstacles to food security and the zero-hunger goal (Anya et al. 2012; UN 2022).
Food that we eat in daily life contains nourishing substances called nutrients. Nutritional foods have five main factors: carbohydrates, fat, protein, vitamins, and minerals. In 2019-20, total food grain production in the world reached 30.85 billion tonnes (FAO 2023). The average annual growth rate of food grains production and population worldwide was 2.15% and 1.23%, respectively, from 2001 to 2020 (FAO 2023; UNPD 2023). The food grain production grew higher than the population. However, the World is facing the privilege of undernourishment, malnutrition among children (below 5 years), obesity in the adult population, and anemia among women. The challenges of ending hunger, food insecurity, and nutrition problems of all kinds are rising worldwide (FAO 2022). Use of chemical inputs are increasing in all countries to obtain high production and provide food quickly, and its adverse effects on biodiversity, environment, climate, human life, and health (Rohr et. al 2019; EU, Sarkar et. al 2021). The incidence of non-communicable diseases continuously increases worldwide with the increasing use of chemical inputs (Paolo et. al 2020; Aliyu Ahmad et al. 2020). The present paper focuses on the correlation between the utilization of chemical inputs and its impact on food grain availability, under-nourishment, and non-communicable diseases worldwide.
This section of the study focuses on the sources and research methods. The methodology covers various indicators of the study, area and duration, data sources, various parametric and non-parametric statistical techniques.
Coverage
The geographical coverage of this study covers worldwide data related to study variables. This paper aims to analyze the use of synthetic agricultural inputs and their impact on food grains and human health. For this purpose, we have covered all countries' data on various variables, like synthetic fertilizer consumption, synthetic pesticide use, and three dimensions of health as per capita net food grain availability, undernourishment, and non-communicable diseases worldwide. This study covers data on 20 years (2001 to 2020) and we study the correlation between synthetic inputs in agriculture and its impact on human health and foodgrain.
Data Source
We have taken data on various variables like synthetic agriculture inputs and human health variables from the Global Change Data Labs - Our World in Data database, the World Bank, and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
In accordance with the objective of the study, the data was collected and tabulated using the MS-Excel and SPSS software. The parametric statistical tool namely the Karl Pearson's Coefficient of Correlation and the non-parametric tools like percentage, growth rate, etc. were used to achieve the study objectives and analyze synthetic agricultural inputs and their impact on food grains and human health. The line graph, bar graph, etc., were used in this study to visualize the results.
Non-Parametric Tool
We have used the following Eq. (1) to calculate year on year (Y-o-Y) growth rate
Were, denotes Y-o-Y growth rate, denotes final years value, denotes previous years value
Parametric Statistical Tool
In order to calculate the correlation between variable, we have used Karl-Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r). We have taken synthetic agricultural inputs (fertilizer and pesticide), food availability, malnutrition, and non-communicable diseases as study variables. This correlation coefficient measures the strength and the direction of a linear relationship between two variables. The formula for r is given below in Eq. (2) (Agrwal BL, 1996).
The range of the correlation coefficient is -1 to 1, If x and y have a strong positive linear correlation, ‘r’ is close to 1. If x and y have a strong negative linear correlation, ‘r’ is close to -1. If there is no linear correlation or a weak linear correlation, ‘r’ is close to 0.
This section of the present study deals with the empirical results and discussion based on the various parameters which are related to agriculture inputs and human health. In this study, we focused on the global scenario of chemical inputs used by the agriculture sector, i.e., chemical fertilizers, insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, bactericides, and other pesticides, and their utilization trends. However, it impacts on foodgrain availability, undernourishment, and non-communicable diseases globally. Additionally, we have analyzed the correlation between synthetic input utilization in the agriculture and its impacts on human health.
Global Use of Synthetic Fertilizers in the Agriculture Sector:
In order to nourish growing plants, fertilisers have been crucial. It is estimated that just under half of the people alive today depend on synthetic fertilizers (Vince Gaia, 2012; Ehsan Elahi, et al. 2019). Fertilizers can increase crop productivity and yields, and increasing crop yields can reduce the land that we use for agriculture (Jacquet et al. 2022). In contrast, synthetic fertilisers damage the environment in terms of soil and water pollution (Jorge et al. 2020; Lata Rani et al. 2021).
| Year | Nitrogen (N) | Y-0-Y (%) | Phosphate (P2O5) | Y-0-Y (%) | Potash (K2O) | Y-0-Y (%) | Total (N.P.K) | Y-0-Y (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | 81.73 | - | 32.95 | - | 22.50 | - | 137.18 | - |
| 2002 | 84.42 | 3.30 | 34.07 | 3.39 | 23.21 | 3.16 | 141.70 | 3.30 |
| 2003 | 87.16 | 3.25 | 35.31 | 3.66 | 24.52 | 5.66 | 147.01 | 3.74 |
| 2004 | 89.48 | 2.65 | 37.61 | 6.50 | 27.53 | 12.26 | 154.62 | 5.18 |
| 2005 | 90.08 | 0.68 | 37.84 | 0.62 | 27.20 | -1.19 | 155.14 | 0.33 |
| 2006 | 93.01 | 3.25 | 39.28 | 3.80 | 27.15 | -0.20 | 159.45 | 2.78 |
| 2007 | 96.37 | 3.61 | 38.89 | -0.99 | 31.38 | 15.58 | 166.65 | 4.52 |
| 2008 | 94.78 | -1.65 | 34.89 | -10.27 | 26.70 | -14.92 | 156.38 | -6.16 |
| 2009 | 97.35 | 2.70 | 38.18 | 9.41 | 22.81 | -14.55 | 158.35 | 1.25 |
| 2010 | 101.45 | 4.22 | 43.22 | 13.21 | 29.42 | 28.96 | 174.10 | 9.95 |
| 2011 | 105.06 | 3.56 | 44.11 | 2.05 | 31.86 | 8.29 | 181.04 | 3.98 |
| 2012 | 105.14 | 0.07 | 43.60 | -1.17 | 31.41 | -1.41 | 180.15 | -0.49 |
| 2013 | 106.79 | 1.57 | 44.22 | 1.43 | 32.88 | 4.70 | 183.90 | 2.08 |
| 2014 | 107.90 | 1.04 | 44.40 | 0.42 | 36.23 | 10.18 | 188.55 | 2.53 |
| 2015 | 106.60 | -1.20 | 43.89 | -1.15 | 35.89 | -0.94 | 186.39 | -1.14 |
| 2016 | 107.67 | 1.01 | 43.59 | -0.68 | 36.73 | 2.33 | 188.00 | 0.86 |
| 2017 | 109.87 | 2.04 | 45.05 | 3.34 | 38.99 | 6.17 | 193.93 | 3.15 |
| 2018 | 108.40 | -1.34 | 44.26 | -1.76 | 39.00 | 0.01 | 191.67 | -1.16 |
| 2019 | 108.45 | 0.05 | 43.82 | -0.98 | 37.34 | -4.25 | 189.63 | -1.06 |
| 2020 | 113.29 | 4.46 | 48.12 | 9.80 | 39.15 | 4.85 | 200.57 | 5.77 |
| C.G.R.% | 2.31 | - | 1.69 | - | 2.98 | - | 1.88 | - |
Table 1: Global Trends of Synthetic Fertilizer Consumption in Agricultural Sector
Most countries in the world overuse fertilizers, it impacts leading to the runoff of nutrients into water systems and ecosystems and hence creates the pollution. Also, excessive use of fertilizers requires additional land and it’s also have an adverse effect on environmental health. The excessive use of fertilization creates problems of soil salinity, accumulation of heavy metal, water eutrophication, and accumulation of nitrate. However, agriculture production benefits from feeding a growing population while reducing the environmental damage (Serpil Savci, 2012). The three elements that every plant needs most for nourishment are nitrate (N), phosphorus (P), and potash (K). As a result, N.P.K. is increasingly used in agricultural areas to boost production globally. The total amount of synthetic fertiliser (NPK) used in agriculture in 2001 was 13.71 million tonnes. More specifically, in 2001, the world consumed 8.17 million tonnes of nitrogen, 3.29 million tonnes of phosphorus, and 2.25 billion tonnes of potash, respectively. The world's consumption of chemical fertilisers increased to up to 20.05 million tonnes in 2020 in response to higher agricultural production. In 2020, 11.32 million tonnes, 4.81 million tonnes, and 3.91 billion tonnes of nitrate, phosphorus, and potash were consumed, respectively. In comparison to the year before, the yearly growth rate of nitrogen consumption was negative in 2008, 2015, and 2018. From 2001 to 2020, the average annual growth rate of the total consumption of chemical fertilisers was 1.88%, followed by 2.31% for nitrogen, 1.69% for phosphorus, and 2.98% for potash. The growth rate of Potash consumption was high than Nitrogen and phosphorus consumption. Worldwide chemical fertilizer use per cropland area was 103.71 kilograms per hectare in 2001 and increased to 146.40 kilograms per hectare in 2020.
Use of Synthetic Pesticides in Agriculture Around the World:
Pesticides control and protect plants against visible and invisible pests, including herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, and other substances used to control pests. Pesticides, in various forms, have been used for millennia in agriculture. Pesticides have often been produced artificially. They can be necessary to protect crops and farmers' produce and increase crop yields. However, pesticides can also negatively impact biodiversity and farmers' and workers' health (EPA 2023). Excess pesticide use affects food, which becomes poison (WHO 2022). Global pesticide use increased from 2001 to 2020 by 24.21% (i.e. 24,39,806 tonnes) in 2020. The use of herbicides in agriculture for weed management continually increased, reaching up to 13,97,465 tonnes in 2020. The share of insecticides, herbicides, fungicides & bactericides, and other pesticides in total pesticide use was 17.57%, 57.28%, 24.87%, and 0.28%, respectively, in 2020 worldwide. The herbicides used a compound growth rate (2.51%) was more than the other pesticides from 2001 to 2020. The average amount of fertiliser used worldwide increased at a rate of 1.88
In this study, we investigated global trends in synthetic agricultural inputs use, food grains' availability, undernourishment prevalence, non-communicable diseases, and associated impacts on human health. In order to find synthetic agriculture input's use-related externalities, we have practically examined correlations between synthetic agriculture inputs and various health indicators, such as foodgrain availability, the prevalence of undernourishment, and non-communicable diseases. Insecticides, herbicides, fungicides & bactericides, and other pesticides made up 17.57%, 57.28%, 24.8%, and 0.28%, respectively, of all pesticides used in the globe in 2020. Global agriculture industry’s average growth rate of fertilizer usage (1.88%) was more significant than pesticide use (1.68%). In the World in the year of 2001, the per capita net availability of foodgrain was 347.10 kg per year and 0.95 kg per day, showing a rise from the previous year's per capita availability of 394.58 kg per year and 1.08 kg per day in 2020.
In the World, undernourished individuals decreased from 13.1% (815.7 million) in 2001 to 9.8%
(767.9 million) in 2021, meaning that one in nine people still does not have enough food to live an active and healthy life. This study showed that the net availability of food grains grew along with the per capita growth in the usage of synthetic agricultural inputs in agriculture, and the number of undernourished individuals declined. Contrarily, during the study period, the rate of non-communicable diseases has steadily risen along with the global use of synthetic agricultural inputs in agriculture.
Providing nutritious and adequate food to the growing population has become a necessity for all the countries in the World. However, synthetic agricultural inputs in agriculture are increasing daily and it negatively impacting the biodiversity, environment, climate, human life, and health. It also results into changes in temperature and rainfall pattern and which has negative impact on agriculture and hence affecting on food availability. Besides, synthetic agricultural inputs in agriculture are increasing to protect crops from climate change. Due to the excess use of synthetic agricultural inputs, the chemical residue in the food is more than the adequate limit. Therefore, the health of people is negatively affected. In the future, protecting the environment and biodiversity and satisfying the World's hunger will be a big challenge in front of us.
Abbreviation
SDG: Sustainable Development Goals, UN: United Nation, FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization, WHO: World Health Organization, EPA: Environmental Protection Agency
The Authors declared that there is no conflict of interest or any other financial interest.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
