Safety and Performance of a Novel Tissue Sealer in Upper Gastrointestinal Procedures

Research Article

Safety and Performance of a Novel Tissue Sealer in Upper Gastrointestinal Procedures

  • Skipworth RJE 1
  • Alfieri S 2
  • Gersin K 3
  • Hopkins J 4
  • Alkhaffaf B 5
  • Canavan K 6
  • Veldhuis PP 6*
  • Pineda J 6

*Corresponding Author: Paula Veldhuis, Ethicon, Inc., 4545 Creek Rd., Cincinnati, OH 45242, USA.

Citation: Skipworth RJE, Alfieri S, Gersin K, Hopkins J, Alkhaffaf B, et. al, (2024), Safety and Performance of a Novel Tissue Sealer in Upper Gastrointestinal Procedures, J, Clinical Case Reports and Studies, et al, 5(8); DOI:10.31579/2690-8808/209

Copyright: ©, 2024, Paula Veldhuis. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Received: 15 August 2024 | Accepted: 22 August 2024 | Published: 29 August 2024

Keywords: enseal x1 curved jaw tissue sealer; hemostasis; upper gastrointestinal surgery

Abstract

Background: Hemostasis is essential for surgical success. Technological advancements have enhanced surgical practice with a wide range of energy devices available for sealing and/or cutting tissue and vessels, of which the advanced bipolar ENSEAL X1 Curved Jaw device (X1CJ) is one. This study examined usability and safety of X1CJ use in upper gastrointestinal (GI) procedures.

Methods: This prospective post-market study recruited subjects presenting for upper GI procedures. The patients were more than 18 years, primary procedure where at least one vessel was to be transected with X1CJ, provide informed consent were included. The study excluded the physical or psychological condition or concurrent enrollment in trial which could impact participation or endpoints. Primary performance endpoint was achievement of ≤ Grade 3 hemostasis for each vessel transected on a 4-point scale, with a grade of 4 indicating significant hemostatic intervention was required. Secondary performance endpoint was surgeon-rated scores for device usage. Safety endpoint was occurrence of adverse events (AEs) deemed device-related.

Results: 82 subjects (67.1% female) with a mean age of 53 years were studied. Procedures included cholecystectomy (34.1%), sleeve gastrectomy (18.3%), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (15.9%), fundoplication (9.8%), jejunectomy (9.8%), ileectomy (8.5%), and hiatal hernia repair/surgery (2.4%). Hemostasis was achieved in 100% of the patients. Of the total of 121 vessels transected, the bulk were designated as Grade 1 (90.9%), followed by Grade 2 (4.1%), and Grade 3 (5.0%). Zero vessels transected were Grade 4. Surgeons described overall satisfaction in their experiences utilizing the X1CJ. Only one patient (1.2%) experienced an AE (decreased hemoglobin) which was deemed by the surgeon as possibly related to the study device and no serious device-related AEs occurred.

Conclusion: Results from this study demonstrate the acceptable safety and usability of the X1CJ in specific upper GI procedures.

1. Introduction

Efficient tissue and vessel sealing techniques in surgery are critical for the prevention of blood loss and ensuring optimal outcomes in open and minimally invasive surgeries (MIS). Hemostasis is essential for surgical success which decrease potential risks of post-operative complications associated with bleeding, reduce costs, and maintain surgical field visibility particularly during MIS procedures.[1] For example, in colorectal surgery, blood loss has been identified as an independent risk factor for postoperative adverse events, cancer recurrence, and poorer overall survival.[2] Despite being a relatively routinely performed procedure, two common intraoperative complications of Nissen Fundoplication remain hemorrhage and injuries to abdominal organs - both of which may lead to significant blood loss and again highlighting the need for an efficient sealing device.[3,4]

Engineering advances have revolutionized surgical practice such that surgeon’s now have a wide range of technologies available for cutting and/or sealing tissue and vessels. Historically, surgeons employed various methods for hemostasis, including both non-energy based (i.e., sutures, staples), and energy-based tools (comprised of traditional monopolar and bipolar electrosurgical devices, advanced bipolar sealing devices, and ultrasonic dissectors).[2,5] While it remains a surgeon’s preference on which technology to employ for any particular patient, energy devices are currently used in the majority of procedures.[6] 

Advanced vessel-sealing systems include ultrasonic devices (such as Harmonic Shearsl; Ethicon, USA), advanced bipolar electrosurgical technology (such as LigaSure; Medtronic, USA), and combination devices (such as Thunderbeat; Olympus, Japan). These have been widely adopted in a number of specialties, including colorectal surgery, gynecology and urology for an array of procedures including proctectomy, colectomy, hysterectomy, splenectomy, and thyroidectomy. [2] 

There are many clinical benefits achieved through the use of energy devices such as reduced operative time, less operative blood loss, and fewer post-operative complications than non-energy-based technologies.[2,7,8] Despite this, risks associated with tissue and vessel sealing still exist including concerns of blood loss and thermal injury.[6] The ENSEAL X1 Curved Jaw device (X1CJ) is an advanced bipolar surgical instrument for open or laparoscopic surgical procedures used to seal and transect vessels and lymphatics, as well as to cut, grasp and dissect tissue during surgery with its curved, tapered tip which enables dissection and easier access to hard-to-reach areas (Figure 1). This device has a 360° continuous shaft rotation enabling the surgeon to adjust the orientation of the device without changing hand position. Additionally, the diversity of function is increased by separating the actions of cutting and sealing, allowing for specific actions tailored to the particular situation.  While there are some published data regarding the use of X1CJ, there is sparse literature currently available in upper gastrointestinal surgery. [9,10] Thus, we present results from a post-market approval study of real-world use of the X1CJ in upper gastrointestinal (GI) procedures.

A white robot holding a long metal rod

Description automatically generated

A black and silver electronic device

Description automatically generated

Figure 1: ENSEAL X1 Curved Jaw Tissue Sealer Device and Generator 11

2.Methods

The objective of this single-arm, prospective, post-market approval multi-center study was to demonstrate acceptable performance and safety of the X1CJ, and accompanying Generator11 (GEN11) when utilized per its instructions for use. The study was conducted in the USA and Great Britain (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04763421). The first patient consented in April 2021 and the last subject visit occurred in September 2023. Ethics approvals were obtained from local review boards prior to study onset and the study was conducted in compliance with Good Clinical Practice and the Declaration of Helsinki, as well as any other applicable local regulatory requirements.

Our study recruited subjects presenting for upper gastrointestinal (GI) procedures in which the X1CJ was slated to be used. Inclusion criteria included: >18 years of age, primary open or laparoscopic procedure where at least one vessel was to be transected by the X1CJ, and a willingness to provide informed consent. Exclusion criteria were any condition which may potentially impair study participation, or enrollment in a concurrent trial which could impact study endpoints. All subjects provided informed consent. All procedures were performed using the individual institution’s standard of care. Proposed recruitment included up to 120 subjects. 

2.1 Device and Indication

The ENSEAL X1 Curved Jaw Tissue Sealer (Product Codes: NSLX125C, NSLX137C, or NSLX145C) are advanced bipolar electrosurgical devices used to seal and cut, exclusively powered by the  GEN11 (Ethicon, Inc., Cincinnati, OH) that has been previously described.[11]

2.2 Endpoints

The primary performance endpoint was achievement of intraoperative ≤ Grade 3 hemostasis for each vessel transection based upon Siegel et. al. [12]:

Grade 1: no bleeding at transection site

Grade 2: minor bleeding at transection site, no intervention required

Grade 3: minor bleeding at transection site, mild intervention required (i.e., compression, monopolar device and/or touch-ups)

Grade 4: significant bleeding (e.g., pulsatile blood flow, venous pooling) requiring intervention such as extensive coagulation or ligation with use of additional hemostatic measures.

Secondary performance endpoints were based on surgeon-rated scores for various device usages: adhesiolysis, lymphatics or tissue bundles divided, tissue grasping, tissue cutting, or tissue dissection. A Likert-like 5-point scale was utilized: very dissatisfied, dissatisfied, neither satisfied or dissatisfied, satisfied, or very satisfied. The hemostasis grade for each vessel transected was assessed and data was collected on additional products required to achieve hemostasis. The safety endpoint was assessed by occurrence of adverse events (AEs) deemed device-related.

2.3 Data Collection

Baseline data captured included demographic information (age, gender, race, and ethnicity), relevant medical and surgical history, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status score,[13] and indication and primary procedure performed. Additional variables were compiled, including: body mass index (BMI), procedure conducted and its duration, vessel transected (and surgeon-approximated size), estimated intraoperative blood loss, concomitant procedure performed, whether any other energy device was utilized in the primary or concomitant procedure, requirement (and number) of X1CJ touchups for Grade 3, and length of stay (LOS). A generator questionnaire regarding each investigator’s assessment of device functionality was completed after each case. Specifically, each surgeon was queried about their experience utilizing the GEN11 including its ease-of-use. Surgeon reported device-related AEs were captured over the course of the entire study period. A post-procedure follow-up visit occurred approximately 28 (±14) days to evaluate any further potential device-related AEs or primary procedure-related reoperations.

2.4 Statistics

The number and percentage of vessels where hemostasis was achieved (≤ Grade 3) were summarized and a 95% confidence interval estimated for each procedure. Counts and percentages were provided for type, size, and number of vessels transected, grading scale distribution for all vessels transected, number of times X1CJ touch-ups were required, and the need for additional measures to obtain hemostasis on vessels (i.e., other advanced energy devices or hemostatic measures). Further, a summary of AEs and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) was performed by procedure and sub-procedure group.

3.Results

A total of 82 subjects (55 females, 27 males) with a mean age of 53 years (20-84 range) and a mean body mass index of 33.0 ± 11.2 kg/m2 were included in this study. The majority of the subjects had ASA physical status of II and III scores (46.3% and 42.7%, respectively) and had never smoked (73.2%). Baseline data are presented in Table 1. Subjects presented for cholecystectomy (34.1%) sleeve gastrectomy (18.3%), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (15.9%), fundoplication (9.8%), jejunectomy (9.8%), ileectomy (8.5%), hiatal hernia repair/surgery (2.4%), and other (1.2%), Table 2. The majority of cases were performed laparoscopically (85.4%) with one conversion to open (1.4%). 

Vessel skeletonization occurred in 39 patients (47.6%). Standard of care prophylactic use of sutures or clips prior to vessel transection was reported in 11.0% of the cases. There was fibrotic tissue (3.7%), inflamed tissue/vessels (4.9%) and adhesions (39.0%) observed but no atherosclerotic tissue or calcified tissues/vessels reported. The overall mean procedure duration was 2.12 hours (0.5 – 10.1 range). 

MeasureValues
Total # of subjects82
  
Age at consent (years) 
Mean ± SD [Median]52.56 ± 17.2 [52.0]
Range20.0; 84.0
  
Sex, n (%) 
Female55 (67.1%)
Male27 (32.9%)
  
Ethnicity, n (%) 
Hispanic or Latino1 (1.2%)
Not Hispanic or Latino76 (92.7%)
Not reported5 (6.1%)
  
Race, n (%) 
Black or African American6 (7.4%)
White72 (88.9%)
Not reported3 (3.7%)
  
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) 
Mean ± SD [Median]33.00 ± 11.21 [28.90]
Range17.8; 59.0
  
ASA, n (%) 
I8 (9.8%)
II38 (46.3%)
III35 (42.7%)
IV1 (1.2%)
V0
  
Smoking Status, n (%) 
Current Smoker7 (8.5%)
Former Smoker15 (18.3%)
Never Smoked60 (73.2%)
  

Table 1: Baseline Characteristics of Subjects

Total # subjects82
Surgical Approach 
   Laparoscopic70/82 (85.4%)
   Open12/82 (14.6%)
  
Conversion to Open1/69 (1.4%)
  
Fundoplication8 (9.8%)
Hiatal hernia repair2 (2.4%)
Cholecystectomy28 (34.1%)
Sleeve gastrectomy15 (18.3%)
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass13 (15.9%)
Jejunectomy8 (9.8%)
Ileectomy7 (8.5%)
Other1 (1.2%)

Table 2: Specifics Related to the Procedure Performed

Of the 121 total vessels transected, surgeons indicated the majority of vessels were 3-5 mm (77.7%); 19.8 % being designated  < 3 mm; and 2.5% >5-7 mm. On the hemostasis grading scale, the bulk were designated as Grade 1 (90.9%), followed by Grade 2 (4.1%), Grade 3 (5.0%) and none as Grade 4 (Table 3).  Of the 6 vessels transected as Grade 3, mild compression was used on 5 with touch-ups utilizing the X1CJ device being done on them all. Successful hemostasis, defined as Grade 3 or lower, was achieved on 100% of vessels. Mean estimated intraoperative blood loss was 60 mL (range 0.0; 500.0) with zero subjects requiring blood transfusion. The X1CJ was not utilized in any of the concomitant procedures which occurred in 15.9% of the patients. Length of stay was 3.74 days (range 0.0; 47.0) with one subject being released outside of the 30-day follow-up period.

Total121
  
Vessel Size: 
3 to 5 mm94 (77.7%)
<3>24 (19.8%)
>5 to 7 mm3 (2.5%)
  
Hemostasis Grading Scale: 
Grade 1110 (90.9%)
Grade 25 (4.1%)
Grade 36 (5.0%)
Grade 40
  

Table 3: Vessel Transection Summary

A total of nine surgeons participated in the study and described overall satisfaction with experiences utilizing the X1CJ. The device was used for adhesions 30 (36.6%), lymphatics 6 (7.3%), tissue grasping 30 (36.6%), tissue cutting 35 (42.7%), and tissue dissection 49 (59.8%).  Surgeons graded their experience based on a Likert-like scale and reported 100% satisfied/completely satisfied with the use of the device for removal or division of adhesions. Similarly, 83.4% of responses showed surgeons were satisfied/very satisfied when dividing lymphatic bundles.  In terms of tissue cutting, 85.7% of surgeons were satisfied/very satisfied, while 98.0% were satisfied/very satisfied with dissection. The majority of surgeons reported strong agreement that the GEN11 operated as intended (92.7%). Surgeons strongly agreed that the touchscreen allowed for easy set-up and operation (91.5%). An additional survey was completed by surgeons as soon after they had completed their second procedure. These surgeons reported experiencing less hand fatigue compared to any previous advanced bipolar device used (66.7%), reduced need for instrument changes during surgery (77.8%), and overall felt that in critical cases, the X1CJ performed better than previous device used (66.6%) (Table 4).

One patient (1.2%) experienced an AE which was deemed as possibly related to the study device. This AE, which was deemed mild, was a decreased hemoglobin level and remained unresolved to the end of the study period.

MeasureValue
Full Analysis Set82
  
X1CJ Results 
  
Number of adhesions removed or divided by X1CJ30/82 (36.6%)
Percent satisfied with the adhesion removal or division by X1CJ30/30 (100.0%)
  
  
Number of lymphatics bundles divided by X1CJ6/76 (7.3%)
Percent satisfied with lymphatics bundles division by X1CJ5 (83.4%)
  
Number of tissue bundles divided by X1CJ23/82 (28%)
Percent satisfied with tissue bundles division by X1CJ22/23 (95.7%)
  
Number of times X1CJ used for tissue grasping30/82 (36.6%)
Percent satisfied were you with the tissue grasping by X1CJ24/30 (80.0%)
  
Number of times X1CJ used for tissue cutting35/82 (42.7%)
Percent satisfied were you with the tissue cutting by X1CJ30/35 (85.7%)
  
Number of times X1CJ used for tissue dissection49/82 (59.8%)
Percent satisfied were you with the tissue dissecting by X1CJ48/49 (97.9%)
  
Number of times any other energy device (monopolar, traditional bipolar, advanced bipolar, ultrasonic) was used during the primary procedure45/82 (54.9%)
Type of any energy device used: 
Monopolar27 (60.0%)
Advanced Bipolar4 (8.9%)
Ultrasonic14 (31.1%)
  
GEN11 Results 
Software Version Used 
2016-1.159 (72.0%)
Other23 (28.%)
  
Number of times generator-related alarms occurred2/82 (2.4%)
  
Number of times generator performed as intended80/82 (97.6%)
  
Percent times the touchscreen allowed for easy set-up and operation79/82 (96.4%)
  
Surgeon Experience Survey* 
N9
  
Type of advanced bipolar device previously used: 
  None1/9 (11.1%)
  ENSEAL G2 Curved and Straight Tissue Sealer2/9 (22.2%)
  Ligasure Maryland4/9 (44.4%)
   Thunderbeat1/9 (11.1%)
  Other3/9 (33.3%)
  
I found that overall the X1CJ performed better than my previous device on critical tasks6/9 (66.6%)
  
I experienced less fatigue with X1CJ compared to previous device6/9 (66.7%)
  
I found the cut and seal buttons were easily distinguishable on the X1CJ7/9 (77.7%)
  
I found the cut and seal buttons were easily distinguishable on the X1CJ7/9 (77.7%)
  
I found the X1CJ reduced number of instrument changes compared to previous device7/9 (77.8%)
  
I found the X1CJ was easier to use compared to my previous device5/9 (55.5%)
  

*This survey was completed as soon as they had completed their second procedure

Table 4: X1CJ and GEN11 Usability Survey Results

4.Discussion

The adoption of advanced bipolar energy demonstrably reduces operative times, improves patient outcomes, and has shown an improvement in cost effectiveness in certain procedures. [14-16] Given the rapid introduction of novel surgical technologies, post-market analysis programs are crucial for ensuring patient safety. Hemorrhage is a well-documented complication, which we evaluated by a hemostasis grade achieved using this new advanced bipolar energy technology. This clinically relevant hemostasis model was similarly used in several post-market surveillance studies as well as an effectiveness and usability study. [11,12,17] 

Specifically,  post market surveillance on similar ENSEAL X1 products have shown satisfactory hemostasis in different types of colectomies, gynecological, and thoracic procedures.[17] However, upper GI procedures are lacking in similar surveillance. This study reports on the use of the X1CJ in several of the most commonly performed upper GI procedures. Similar outcomes to a prior real-world post-market surveillance study for a similar device, the ENSEAL X1 Large Jaw Tissue Sealer. When used on the enteral system, 100% hemostasis was achieved on all vessels transected (and all procedures performed) as Grade 3 and below hemostasis.[17] Similarly, our study showed that 100% of vessels transected with the X1CJ achieved hemostasis at Grade 3 and below. The majority were Grade 1 with no intraoperative bleeding occurring.

One long-standing benefit of advanced bipolar devices is their ability to seal vessels that are greater than 2 mm and including 7 mm. [18,19]. In the current study, 77% of vessels sealed were 3-5 mm with 2.5% were 5-7mm, which is consistent with predicate device usage. In our study, one patient was reported to have a low hemoglobin level post procedure. This event was deemed to be possibly device-related. No other adverse events were reported deemed related to device usage throughout study.

Research in advanced bipolar devices has resulted in the rapid evolution of new product designs. For example, curved jaw devices with tapered tips were engineered for tissue dissection and manipulation, adaptable energy modulation for temperature control to reduce lateral thermal spread, and separated functions to cut and seal.  The initial effectiveness and usability study performed on in-vivo porcine models, showed that 100% of surgeons deemed the X1CJ as acceptable for hemostasis, dissection, transection and tissue manipulation.[11] In clinical application, of the 60% of surgeons in this cohort who utilized X1CJ for dissection, 97% were satisfied/very satisfied with usage for this purpose.  Adhesiolysis was performed by 37% of surgeons and of those, 100% were satisfied/very satisfied. Tissue cutting was heavily utilized as well with 85 % being satisfied/very satisfied. Generally, surgeons described overall satisfaction with their utilization of X1CJ with 66.6% reporting that on critical tasks, they were confident the X1CJ performed in a superior manner to their previous device. Surgeons reported that GEN11 functioned as intended. Specifically, surgeons described its ease-of-use and simple set-up as benefits. 

One limitation of this study was the sample size which was a small observational cohort.  

5.Conclusion

Our study aimed to provide real-world insights into the safety and usability of the X1CJ device. The X1CJ continued to demonstrate effectiveness and safety in the upper gastrointestinal procedures presented in this study. Additionally, surgeons reported the device functioned satisfactorily as designed based on its real-world application. 

Ethical Approvals

Institutional Review Board or Ethics Committee approvals were obtained prior to study onset in the US (#IRB00083466), UK (#20/LO/1135), and Italy (#3608).

References

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Tania Munoz

“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.

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George Varvatsoulias

Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.

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Rui Tao

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.

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Khurram Arshad

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.

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Gomez Barriga Maria Dolores

The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.

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Lin Shaw Chin

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.

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Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.

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Dr Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.

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Dr Maria Regina Penchyna Nieto

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.

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Dr Marcelo Flavio Gomes Jardim Filho

Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”

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Zsuzsanna Bene

Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner

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Dr Susan Weiner