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*Corresponding Author: Adrian González Méndez, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas, Departamento de Postgrado e Investigaciones, Sancti Spiritus, Cuba.
Citation: Bugaevsky KA, (2024), Research and Analysis of the Relationship of the Values of the Trochanteric Index and Morpho-Functional Indicators of Female Students of Low Growth Doing Physical Education at the University, J. General Medicine and Clinical Practice, 7(2); DOI:10.31579/2639-4162/149
Copyright: © 2024, Bugaevsky KA. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 08 February 2024 | Accepted: 11 March 2024 | Published: 18 March 2024
Keywords: female student; trochanter index; morphological index values; anthropometric indicators; low growth; sexual dimorphism; somatotypes; physical culture
The article presents the results of a study devoted to the study of the values of a number of anthropometric and morpho-functional indices in students with low growth, with physical education at the university and their relationship with the values of the trochanter index as an indicator of the constitutional type of age-related human evolution. The analysis of the obtained results of the study is presented, practical conclusions are drawn
The study of issues related to the medical and biological aspects of student youth is always relevant and a priority, especially if they relate to the consideration of anthropometric indicators and morpho functional values of female students as future mothers [1; 2; 3; 4; 5]. Due to the fact that most of the female students can be attributed to such age periods as puberty, adolescence and the first reproductive age, it seems quite relevant to study the individual development processes of their body, through the refraction of the individual morpho functional values obtained from them and their connection with such an important indicator, as the trochanteric index (TrI) [6; 7; 8; 9]. This extraordinary index and its practical application have entered into practice in a number of medical fields (anatomy, anthropology, morphology, sports and forensic medicine, sexology, etc.), thanks to the research of the Soviet scientist V.G. Sherko (1929, 1933), and in 1989 he was actively introduced into the psychological (serological) practice of G.S. Vasilchenko (1990), as an indicator that correlates with the values of a person’s sexual constitution [10].
It should be noted that in the studies of V.G. Sherko (1929), he was more interested in determining the constitutional type of age-related evolution of the organism, including in young people [6; 7; 9]. According to the method proposed by V.G. Sherko, the trochanteric index is the ratio of height (cm) to leg length (cm) - from the upper edge of the greater trochanter of the femur to the surface on which the foot stands) [6; 7; 9].
Aim of study
The purpose of this article is to present and analyze the results obtained regarding the comparison of trochanteric index indicators and a number of other important morpho-functional index values with each other in female university students of short stature.
The result of his research was a classification of values according to which the author proposed to characterize the types of age-related evolution of people [6; 7; 8; 9]. V.G. Sherko distinguishes: pathological type - less than 1.85; devolutionary type – from 1.86 to 1.91; hypo evolutionary type – from 1.92 to 1.94; norm evolutionary type – from 1.95 to 2.0; hype revolutionary type from 2.01 to 2.03; devolutionary type – from 2.04 to 2.08; pathological type – more than 2.09 [6; 7; 9]. In our work we used this classification of values. Also, to obtain a number of objective data concerning the formation and presence of existing anthropomorph logical values, we, in addition to determining body mass and length, used the index method, which includes the determination of the body mass index (BMI), the Pinier index (PI), the skelia according to Manure (SAtom), sexual dimorphism index (SDI) with determination of sexual somatotypes, sthenicity index (SSSI), andromorph index (AnI). The study was conducted in February-March 2021, with the voluntary participation of female students (n=39), classified (according to the values of the body length scale) as short in stature, during their physical education classes at the university. The average age of female students in the study group was 19.09±0.23 years (p<0>
To achieve the goal of the study, we used such anthropometric methods as determining shoulder width (SW) and pelvic width (PW), necessary to determine such a morphological index value as the sexual dimorphism index (SDI) according to J. Tanner. According to the obtained index values, somatotyping of the athletes was carried out based on the criteria corresponding to the classification of J. Tanner and W. Marshall. The values of the index of sexual dimorphism (SDI) are calculated according to their own formula: 3 x biacromial size, or SH minus the pelvic-crestal size (d. cristarum), or SH. We took as a basis the index values proposed by these researchers for women, namely: gynomorphic sexual somatotype - less than 73.1; mesomorphic sexual somatotype – 73.1–82.1) and andromorphic sexual somatotype – more than 82.1. Mesomorphic and andromorphic sexual somatotypes refer to inversions, or pathological displacements that are not characteristic of the basic gynomorphic sexual somatotype [4; 12; 14]. Also, we assessed the state of menstrual function using a questionnaire method, for which we used the author’s version of the questionnaire (author – Bugaev sky K.A., modification 2018) [2; 3], interviewing. When determining the parameters of OMC, we assessed such informative reproductive indicators as: age at menarche, timing of the establishment of OMC, its clinical manifestations, duration, duration and properties of menstrual bleeding [2, 3]. The method of literary analysis of available sources of information was used.
For each examinee, the overall dimensions (length and weight of the body), the diameters of the shoulders and pelvis were determined. Body length was measured with a stadiometer with an accuracy of 0.5 cm, body weight was determined on medical scales with an accuracy of 0.05 kg. The values of body length in the study group were as follows: low height (150–159 cm) was determined in 24 (61.54%), below average height (160–162 cm) – in 15 (38.46%) students. The average body length (height) of female students in the study group was 158.1±0.52 cm (p<0>
When determining body weight, it was found that its average value in the group was 54.32±1.45 kg (p<0>
When determining the values of the Pinger index (PI), which was determined using the classical formula as the difference between body length and the sum of body weight and chest circumference, for somatotyping according to M.V. Earnouts (asthenic type, nomothetic type, hypersthenic type) [1; 4; 11; 12; 13]. The average PI value in the study group was 19.55±3.68 (p<0>
We also determined the values of the andromorphy index (IA), which indicates certain sexual characteristics of the metabolic-hormonal status and allows us to distinguish android, orthogynoid (balanced) and hypergynoid types of constitution: less than 67.5 - hypergynoid, from 67.5 to 73.5 - orthogynoid and over 73.5 – android [1; 4; 11; 12; 13]. When carrying out anthropometric measurements, their analysis and statistical processing, we obtained the following results: the average value of this index in the group was 60.29±2.44 (p<0 xss=removed>
When determining the values of the index of sexual dimorphism according to J. Tanner, the following indicators were obtained: the average value of shoulder width (SW) or biacromial size (cm) in the entire group was 30.09±0.85 cm (p<0>
Data on the identified sexual somatotypes in short female students are as follows: physiological gynecomorphic sexual somatotype was identified in 27 female students - 69.23%; non-physiological, inverse, andromorphic sexual somatotype – in 5 female students. Or 12.82%; intermediate. Transitional from physiological to pathological and inversion. Mesomorphic sexual somatotype – in 7 students, or – in 17.95%. Additionally, the somatotype of the short girls studied was determined using such an indicator as the sthenicity index (SI) [1; 4; 11; 12; 13; 14]. It is determined by the formula (height/inter(bi)humeral size), and characterizes the somatotype: values less than 4.8 – hypersthenia, from 4.81 to 5.15 – normotension, over 5.15 – asthenia [1; 4; 11; 12; 13; 14]. The data obtained as a result of determining the SI are as follows: nomothetic somatotype was determined in 5 students, or 12.82%; hypersthenic somatotype was determined in 10 students (25.64%); asthenic somatotype was identified in the overwhelming number of female students - 24 people, or 61.54%. The average value of SI indicators in the group of female students with short stature (n=39) was 5.40±0.15 (p<0>
The obtained TrI values in the entire study group were 1.84±0.02 (p<0>
We also determined the skelial index according to Manuvrie (ISтоM), which characterizes the length of the legs of the subjects and is assigned to one of the index values of the proportionality of human development [1; 4; 11; 12; 13; 14]. It is determined by dividing the length of the lower limb (cm) by the sitting length of the body (cm), and multiplying the result by 100 [1; 4; 11; 12; 13; 14]. A value of up to 84.9 indicates short legs (brachyskelia), 85-89 – medium legs (mesoskelia), 90 and higher – long legs (macroskelia) [1; 4; 11; 12; 13; 14]. The average length of the lower limb in the group was 86.51±1.01 cm (p<0 n=39)>
At the same time, taking into account the sexual somatotypes according to J. Tanner, it was found that IStoM, more than 90 (corresponding to macroskelia) - long legs, had (in relation to the entire group of female students) 3 (7.69%) students of low stature, classified as gynecomorphic sexual somatotype and 2 (5.13%) students with andromorphic sexual somatotype. Representatives of the mesomorphic sexual somatotype, as a transitional (dysplastic) type of sexual constitution [1; 4; 11; 12; 13; 14], in 100% of cases they had a score of up to 84.9 (brachyskelia) - short legs. When conducting a comparative analysis of various options for trochanteric index indicators in sexual somatotypes according to J. Tanner’s (SDI), classification, the values presented in the table were obtained.
| Indicator name | Гинекоморфный cоматотип (n=27) | Mesomorphic somatotype (n=5) | Andromorphic somatotype (n=7) |
| Pathological type | 16 | 2 | 5 |
| Devolutionary type | 7 | 2 | – |
| Hypo evolutionary type | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Norm evolutionary type | 1 | 1 | – |
Table. Variants of trochanteric index values in sexual somatotypes
Noteworthy is the fact that in all three sexual somatotypes (according to J. Tanner’s classification), the predominant presence in the entire group (n=39) is the presence of types of age-related evolution that do not correspond to normal values (pathological and dysevolutionary types). They were identified in the vast majority of female students who took part in our study - in 32 (82.05%). It is indicative that in the seemingly physiological gynecomorphic sexual somatotype for girls of short stature, a greater number of age-related disorders were identified - 23 (58.97%) than in students with mesomorphic and andromorphic sexual somatotypes combined - 9 (23 .08%). Normoevolutionary and, conditionally acceptable, hypoevolutionary types of age-related evolution, in all three sexual somatotypes according to J. Tanner, only 7 cases (17.95%) were identified.
1. The anthropometric values we carried out showed that body length, body weight, limb dimensions, transverse (latitudinal) and longitudinal body dimensions have individually expressed typological, morpho-functional differences that correlate with the values of the trochanteric index in female students of short stature.
2. It has been reliably established that negatively changed types of TrI values in the study group were identified in the vast majority of female students of short stature - in 37 (94.87%) female students.
3. In the gynecomorphic sexual somatotype, a greater number of age-related disorders were identified - 23 (58.97%) than in students with mesomorphic and andromorphic sexual somatotypes together - 9 (23.08%). 4. Only in 1 (2.56%) female student out of all 39 studied, classified as a physiological gynecomorphic somatotype, a constitutional, normoevolutionary type of sexual evolution was identified.
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