AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Review Article
*Corresponding Author: Vladimir Ivanovich Ermoshkin, Physicist, Russian New University (Ros NOU), Moscow, Russia.
Citation: Vladimir I. Ermoshkin, (2024), Proof of the cause of atherosclerosis, "standing on the shoulders of giants" Vladimir Ivanovich Ermoshkin, J Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, 7(11); DOI: 10.31579/2641-0419/411
Copyright: © 2024, Vladimir Ivanovich Ermoshkin. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 11 September 2024 | Accepted: 25 September 2024 | Published: 09 October 2024
Keywords: atherosclerosis; arteriovenous anastomoses; arterial blood volume; arterial spasm; arterial and aortic dissection; blood stagnation
The article is devoted to the most important topic in medicine: the cause and mechanism of atherosclerosis. It is believed that the health of each person and their life expectancy depend on the degree of atherosclerosis.
Objective
The cause of atherosclerosis is the main problem that modern medicine has been solving for many years. "Giants of medicine" have proposed and "proven" more than a dozen hypotheses, at least over the last two centuries, which have never been accepted as the main and only "correct" theory.
In this article, we try to describe and substantiate the main and only cause of atherosclerosis [1-10, 16, 17].
As for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, this is a completely different task and this task still needs to be worked on, but the direction of the search is already known - monitoring the volume of arterial blood and maintaining the decreasing volume at a certain level calculated for a given person.
Methods. Searching for information in the literature, participating in conferences and discussions with leading Russian cardiologists.
Results.
Due to its powerlessness in the face of the problem and the inability to choose the main theory from the list of theories or combine all the proposed theories of atherosclerosis into one theory, modern medicine still admits that a person may have several causes of atherosclerosis, and lists a long list of them. Below is a somewhat shortened list of causes of atherosclerosis. There are three such theories, and they are the most common in medical literature. According to the author, the combined popularity of these three causes relative to other causes is more than 90%.
A) Psychoemotional theory - due to periodic stress.
B) Theory of endothelial dysfunction - primary disruption of the protective properties of the endothelium and its mediators.
C) Theory of lipoprotein infiltration - primary penetration and accumulation of lipoproteins in the vascular wall.
Additional observations. Based on the results of a long-term study of the causes of atherosclerosis, medicine has established that the primary “risk factors” of this disease are: age, smoking, alcohol, hyperlipoproteinemia, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, physical inactivity, emotional stress, poor nutrition, heredity, post menopause, hyperfibrinogenemia, homocystinuria, hypothyroidism, irregular sleep.
The three "theories" listed above cannot be built into each other. It is necessary to prove and choose: either one theory is correct or the other, or to put forward a new theory, a universal one. And do not forget about the contradiction: "When there are many theories, it means that none are correct." Let us name some of the leading scientists, including Nobel laureates, who made the greatest contribution to the study of the causes and mechanisms of atherosclerosis: Jean-Frederic Lobstein, N.N. Anichkov, Rudolf Virchow, A.L. Myasnikov, E.I. Chazov, I.V. Davydovsky, G.F. Lang, Takio Shimamoto, M.S. Brown, J.L. Goldstein, R. Ross, J.B. Muhlestein, D. Fredrickson and others.
On the other hand, 13 Nobel Prizes were awarded for the study of cholesterol during the 20th century. The increased interest of scientists in this fat-like substance is clearly not accidental!
By the way, Alfred Nobel, who established the prize in medicine, himself suffered from some diseases. Alfred Nobel died on the night of December 10, 1896, at the age of 63. Judging by the clinical picture of the disease and its dynamics (a two-year history of stable angina with its progression and the development of ischemic stroke against this background with its characteristic clinical picture), Alfred Nobel's disease was based on ATHEROSCLEROSIS with damage to the coronary and cerebral vessels.
About 130 years have passed since then...
By 2020, unfortunately, it could be stated that the "giants of medicine" have not achieved significant real results in the search for the causes of atherosclerosis. In the end, at the beginning of the 21st century, medicine spontaneously, without being guided by formal logic, declares that such concepts as "polygenic disease" and "multifactorial disease" are synonyms, and the incidence of atherosclerosis depends on "gene defects". And these defects within different populations across continents are distributed according to different laws! As a result, the volume of research in the coming years for official medicine was planned to be enormous, if right now we do not suggest that it stop.
This is the result of the search by mid-2024. Meanwhile, the leadership of medicine does not react in any way to the new theory of atherosclerosis development, which arose 4 years ago in 2020 [1-10, 16, 17] due to blood leaks from the arterial pool. Let us note here that this article is devoted to the development of atherosclerosis in large arteries of the upper half of the body; in the lower half of the body, atherosclerosis develops later and with some distinctive features that are not considered in this article.
And now, in July 2024, “standing on the shoulders of the giants of medicine,” the author of this article, a lone physicist, must substantiate the main links for the synthesis of the correct theory of atherosclerosis, and introduce the missing arguments to prove the only cause of atherosclerosis. The new theory should not contradict any fact statistically observed by researchers, and should certainly include at least the three most popular “private theories” and take into account the numerous “risk factors” presented above.
Hypothesis of the cause and mechanism of development
So, the new theory of 2020 claims that the cause of atherosclerosis is the lack of arterial blood volume in the arterial bed in humans at some points in time, created by the cardiovascular system. Note that the total volume of circulating blood in all arteries, veins and depots at some point in time may be normal or even excessive, but the arterial blood volume is insufficient for several hours (or minutes) due to blood leaks through open arteriovenous anastomoses! Arteriovenous anastomoses, working as emergency valves, can periodically open and close due to fluctuations in blood pressure (BP) in the area of these "shunts". It can be assumed that each adult at some stage of life has their own optimal (on average) volume of the arterial bed. Loss of arterial blood due to leaks through anastomoses is caused by stressful situations with an increase in blood pressure. Stressful situations may include: nervous tension at home or at work, everyday worries about children and parents, conflicts, monotony and duration of the work itself, tension when speaking in front of an audience, other fears, excessive joy and other loads on the central nervous system. Such stress loads may periodically occur throughout life - this is a common situation for an ordinary person, but much depends on the nature of the nervous system of this person and his commitment to physical and breathing exercises, proper rest. The balance of arterial and venous blood is gradually restored with moderate physical and respiratory exercise and / or in a lying position during rest. Let's assume that arterial blood leaks, apparently, can often occur at work or at home in a sitting position in front of the TV or computer, i.e. in the absence of physical activity for several hours. Frequent leaks of arterial blood into the veins create an overflow of the venous pool, venous and lymphatic congestion, especially in the lower half of the body due to the effect of gravity. The horizontal position of the body during the night's sleep does not always rid the body of excess stagnant venous blood and intercellular fluid. Gradually, congestion in the pelvis and lower extremities can provoke lymph congestion, weight gain, obesity, and the development of diabetes. In such cases, a standard blood test shows an elevated level of stagnant glucose (HbA1C) and other abnormalities. The situation is somewhat alleviated by the procedure of Arabic hijama or hirudotherapy, but medicine does not recommend them, since such procedures can reduce the number of patients and the income of doctors.
Proof of the cause of atherosclerosis
The proof is the very life of most people: atherosclerosis develops in everyone! But some have more vascular damage, while others have less. Let's consider what happens when the volume of arterial blood decreases due to blood leaks. Since blood is incompressible, this leads to the same decrease in the volume of the arterial bed. At the same time, do not forget about Harvey's law. It should be taken into account that the current volume of the arterial bed is always equal to the current volume of arterial blood. If a person's arterial blood volume increases over several minutes or hours, the volume of the arterial bed also increases, and if the volume of arterial blood decreases, the volume of the arterial bed also decreases by the same amount! In young or middle age, soft arteries without signs of atherosclerosis, with some loss of arterial blood volume (for example, due to nervous or physical stress), temporarily reduce the cross-section of their lumens due to radial stretching of the muscular layer of the walls. Since the outer layer of the arteries, called "adventitia", is practically inextensible, the middle layer is subject to stretching and the expansion occurs in the direction of the center of the arteries. In other words, this is how physical "tearing forces" of the endothelium from the muscular layer of the arterial walls act. This is why dissection of the walls of large arteries and the aorta can occur!
In other words, a spasm occurs in the large arteries, but a spasm initiated by physical forces. During such a spasm, the muscular layer of the arteries increases in thickness, while the lumen of the vessel decreases. Under stress, these physical forces primarily reduce the lumens of the large arteries near and, especially, slightly above the myocardium. These vessels include the initial sections of the aorta, carotid, vertebral and coronary arteries. Why is this so? Because this is how gravity acts on vertically located arteries. (In animals, such a concentrated effect does not occur due to the horizontal position of the spine and all major arteries.) The forced reduction in the lumens of the large arteries leads to a decrease in the area of the endothelial lining, which in turn leads to a decrease in the distance between the flat cells of the endothelium, up to their shifts and detachment. With frequent and significant spasms, endothelial alteration occurs over the years. Gradually, the smooth inner layer of the arteries becomes rough due to constant damage, inflammation and healing of the arterial walls. These events lead to a constant increase in the level of C-reactive protein. When the described events, stress and forced spasms, occur frequently in the arterial system, then gradually, along with the years lived, "dysfunction of the endothelium" occurs, the arteries decrease their lumen every year, lose elasticity, and heart failure develops. The cardiac output of blood portions becomes increasingly limited, since due to the frequent lack of arterial blood, the aortic valve, aortic arch and large arteries become more rigid and resist the ejection of previous portions of blood. Each microtrauma of the endothelium turns into a scar. And the resulting scars, as we know, leave an imprint for life. But the main thing that can happen in the walls of the arteries is the formation of small, and then large plaques. Plaques are located in favorite places of arteries, where negative, relatively normal, local pressure impulses often occur due to the action of pulse waves. Maximum damage to large arteries and the aortic valve occurs, firstly, with arterial blood leaks and, secondly, with maximum compression of the arteries in diastole (but not in systole, as modern medicine believes: "due to high blood pressure"). The vessel reduces the lumen, and at the same time, negative pressure occurs in the expanding muscular layer of the arteries. With each diastole, negative tissue pressure occurs in the walls of large arteries when it is stretched, as a result of which there is a "suction, in other words, suction" of blood from the main flow. Such processes in the walls of the arteries are similar to the work of a pulse vacuum cleaner! Due to negative pressure impulses, any light fractions of the blood penetrate through the "holes or cracks between the endothelial cells" into the muscular layer and are fixed there. It is precisely these forced penetrations of various blood particles, mainly lipoproteins, that medicine calls "infiltration"! First of all, low-density lipoproteins (LDL) penetrate under the endothelium into the muscular layer of the arteries. The lipoprotein particles themselves are not the cause of atherosclerosis, they are neutral in relation to the endothelium, they only respond to the pressure difference between the flow and the muscular layer of the walls. This is a forced movement. Other blood particles also react to the same pressure difference, but more weakly: triglycerides, phospholipids, proteins, etc. It turns out that the level of LDL, not being a direct cause of atherosclerosis, determines only the rate of plaque formation! Therefore, reducing the level of LDL is the right step in the fight against atherosclerosis in conditions when uncontrolled leaks of arterial blood often occur, i.e. during stressful moments.
Another fact. Growing plaques reduce the lumen of large arteries, and in the narrowed lumen of the arteries, the blood flow velocity increases and the external pressure relative to the inside of the plaque decreases. Because of this, additional physical forces arise to tear off the top of the plaque from the walls of the arteries. Because of these forces, a large plaque can ulcerate, and then a microthrombus can form. Such a thrombus can block any artery and cause a stroke or heart attack. So, the main thing: infiltration is created by physical suction forces, this is not a common metabolic disorder! This is how plaques are formed, and they usually grow, because stress in a person can continue, and, unfortunately, no one believes in effective methods of counteracting stress, since there is no correct and unified theory of atherosclerosis. Each doctor talks about his own version of the disease and treatment. People believe only in pills and operations such as installing stents - this is how big MEDICINE has taught them over many years. But such MEDICINE in the interpretation of the causality of some cardiovascular diseases remained, as we find out, erroneous!
With significant blood leaks through anastomoses, arterial pressure can increase somewhat, since it becomes more difficult to deliver arterial blood, the volume of which decreases, to the brain, the pressure in the vasomotor center drops and the vasomotor center reacts to this. With large blood leaks, so-called hypertensive crises can occur! Crises tell us that the general decrease in arterial blood has reached the limit of what is possible, arterioles and small arteries of secondary vessels are compressed to the limit (while the hands and feet are always cold). The remaining volume of arterial blood is barely enough to provide the human brain with minimal nutrition. At this time, sticky cold sweat is formed not from the arterial pool, but from overflowing pools with stagnant intercellular fluid and from the veins. During a crisis, the patient should be in a horizontal position to weaken the effect of gravity. It is necessary to give an injection or take medications to force the arterioles and small arteries to open, after which (presumably) venous blood and interstitial fluid will replenish the arterial bed in reverse. Blood circulation and organ function will be restored, hot blood will warm all organs again. A person's life will be saved.
In order to quickly replenish the volume of arterial blood and thereby slow down the development of atherosclerosis, it is necessary to increase the blood supply through the pulmonary circulation, through the lungs, to the left ventricle and aorta during times of stress. Now it becomes clear why most ancient teachings on health and simple breathing practices bring a positive effect: with the help of these practices, the volume of arterial blood is replenished, vascular spasms are relieved, and blood pressure is normalized! The new theory of atherosclerosis confirms this!
In conclusion, the author suggests conducting a physical natural modeling of the occurrence of atherosclerosis, on a sample of some small animals, such as guinea pigs, hamsters, Chilean degus, rabbits, miniature pigs or others. There is no need to feed animals cholesterol, which is essentially nonsense! Animals should be placed in a vertical position for 3-6 months, releasing them from confinement every day several times for several minutes to take their usual food.
I believe that we need to hurry with these works, no one will give modern doctors another 100 years of reflection, as is customary in medicine.
Until 2020, all the work of the "great" researchers of the causes of atherosclerosis, i.e. the "giants of medicine", was essentially an attempt to search for and describe continuous medical, biological, chemical, genetic, age-related changes [11-15] in the cardiovascular and other human systems under the continuous destructive concentrated impact of mysterious physical forces. The presence of these forces was unknown to doctors and was not taken into account by cardiologists for many decades.
In the process of proving the new theory of atherosclerosis due to periodic losses of volume (EXACTLY THE CURRENT VOLUME!) of arterial blood, it was possible to logically substantiate that the new theory, as more universal, organically includes in its composition at least three of the most popular theories (already as factors): psychoemotional, endothelial dysfunction, lipoprotein infiltration [1-10, 16, 17]. So, we can conclude that the cause of atherosclerosis has been known since 2020, but the "giants of medicine" have not noticed it yet.
As for the prevention and "treatment" of atherosclerosis, there is a lot of work to be done in this area. The main thing is: constant monitoring of blood volume, replenishment of blood volume in the arterial bed plus removal of "excess" fluid from the venous and lymphatic beds, stress management, physical activity, breathing and other exercises. As a result: the development of atherosclerosis will be slowed down for several years, life expectancy will increase. This is the opinion of the author of the article. It took the author 12 years to study cardiology and to create and substantiate a new theory of atherosclerosis.
Afterword. When the article was already ready, a message came from Japan [18], which indirectly confirms the new theory. Researchers from Shinshu University have developed a DNA aptamer called iSN04, which affects the nucleolin protein in arterial smooth muscle cells and counteracts it, i.e. "spasm." In other words, iSN04 counteracts the "mysterious physical forces" that the new theory of atherosclerosis suggests. The antinucleolin aptamer helps maintain smooth muscle cells in a differentiated state, offering new potential for treating atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases. But experimental data from Shinshu University are needed to draw a final conclusion. It is necessary to wait and, most importantly, find an answer to the question: if iSN04 acts on all arteries simultaneously, what will happen to the patient's other organs where there were no plaques?
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
