AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Review Article
*Corresponding Author: Omatseye A. Akuirene, Department of Public and community Health, Novena University Ogume, Nigeria.
Citation: Akuirene O.A, Nwose E.U., Nwajei S.D. and Adjene J,O., (2020) Prevention of respiratory distress disease in pregnancy and newborn: a case review of the capacity of primary healthcare tier in Delta State Nigeria J, Clinical Medical Reviews and Reports. 2(6); DOI: 10.31579/2690-8794/037
Copyright: © 2020, Alero Akuirene, This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 22 August 2020 | Accepted: 26 August 2020 | Published: 09 September 2020
Keywords: primary health care, respiratory distress disease, pregnancy, newborn, maternal health care
The Universal Declaration on Human Rights regarding Primary Health Care (PHC) in Nigeria is to provide adequate and equitable healthcare to pregnant mothers and new born. This includes those who are at risk of respiratory distress disease. The objective of this work is to identify the capacity of PHC in the management of respiratory distress syndrome among pregnant mothers and new born. A narrative review of literatures on respiratory distress performed. There have been shortages of staff and health inequity while improvement in maternal and child mortality rates may be attributable to improved knowledge and health seeking behavior. PHC practitioners’ need to be motivated because they are available and useful in rendering preventive services for respiratory distress disease during pregnancy and new deliveries for better results.
Primary health care is all about the health and well-being on the preference of individuals, families and communities. It explains the nature of health and focus on the complete interrelated aspects of physical, mental and social health and wellbeing [1]. It provides care for health needs throughout the lifespan of a person, not just for a set of specific diseases thereby ensuring comprehensive care ranging from promotion and prevention to treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care as close as feasible to people’s everyday environment [2]. Primary Health Care (PHC) is driven by a political philosophy that emphasizes a radical change in both the design and content of conventional health care services. It also advocates an approach to health care principles that allow people to receive health care that enables them to lead socially and economically productive lives. The year 2008 celebrated 30 years of PHC policy that emerged from the Alma Ata Declaration with publication of two key reports, the World Health Report 2008; and report of the Commission on the Social Determinants of Health [3]. However, this has been noted as a failure in Nigeria [4], especially based on infant mortality rate that increased between 1982 and 2003 (Figure 1).
PHC forms the bedrock of the health-care services and the health status of the state is determined by the quality of health care available to the majority of the population which is the best indicator for the level of social development of the state. Being efficient with regard to cost, techniques and organization; Readily accessible to those concerned; Acceptable to the community served; At a reasonable cost; are some of the important conditions of Primary Health Care Services in any state [5]. Health-care services are also required to be available in a manner and language that is suitable to the community and population it serves including accommodation of local traditions and customs, and at a price which the population can afford [6, 7].
Patient satisfaction is associated with continuity of care and clinical outcomes. Service utilization is based on client satisfaction and this is applicable to healthcare. Patient satisfaction is thus a key marker for the quality of health-care delivery and an important indicator for evaluation and improvement of health-care services [8, 9]. Thus, there are some attributes that determine the satisfaction of patient, which must be attributed by the health care workers. With special regards to respiratory distress, a cursory literature search on PubMed for ‘Alma ata’ with the additional terms ‘respiratory distress syndrome’ and ‘Nigeria’ yielded no article. However, search for ‘primary healthcare with the additional terms ‘respiratory distress syndrome’ and ‘Nigeria’ yielded 3 articles.[10-12]. This implies limited research report in the area of respiratory distress syndrome from Nigeria with regards to PHC.
Yet, there has been evidence that action is needed by the government to improve PHC in several public health issues such as oral care and
infections amongst others [13-16]. It is known that essential drugs are used for the treatment of most common diseases; mother and child care; vaccination campaigns; and water, sanitation and nutrition programs are part of minimum package of activities that is been carried out in acute and chronic crisis conditions. Ensuring advice and preventive treatment are given to pregnant women considering the fact that an antenatal care is given to pregnant women and these care include prevention of malaria and anaemia, tetanus immunization, personalized information for mothers [10, 17, 18]. What has yet to be articulated is the extent of respiratory distress syndrome services at the PHC level. Hence, the objective of the review is to assess the capacity as well as opportunity of healthcare professionals, government and community.
Stakeholders’ evaluation
First, it is pertinent to note that stakeholders comprise a vast array of entities that are integrally involved in the healthcare system. This includes the patients being the beneficiaries, as well as indispensable healthcare providers, payers, and the policymakers all with varying levels of relevance (Table 1). Suffice that anyone or party who provides, receives, manages or pays for healthcare, a person or group of people with interest in an organization who can either influence the organization or be influenced by its work is a stakeholder [19, 20]. However, it is important to note that the host community is probably the underdog or relatively powerless compared to the government in planning and implementation of a public PHC (Figure 2).
Evaluation of Health Care Professionals:
Health care professionals play a central and critical role in improving access and quality health care for the population. Their services include preventive medicine, health promotion through education, and deliver curative health care services to individuals, families and communities [5]. Primary healthcare workers are the main drivers of population-oriented health education programs. They facilitated improvements in service utilization; in fact, the 80% immunization coverage in the country for vaccine-preventable diseases reported in 2013 was attributed to the role of PHC workers. The PHC workers provide care closest to community members; they mobilize and empower communities for health actions, thus promoting equity and ensuring accessible health care [21]. Therefore, for PHC workers to be effective in providing preventive care for respiratory distress disease in pregnancy and new born, they require capacity enhancement to assure quality service delivery and better outcomes.
In this narrative review, findings show that the capacity to render maternal and childcare respiratory distress syndrome at PHC facilities has been there [22]. Various cadre of health professionals have been involved in respiratory distress syndrome management; and that there is improvement in management outcomes [23-26]. However, two observations are interesting to note. First is that virtually all available reports are based on secondary and tertiary level hospitals with no reference to services at the primary tier. Second is that there is need to limited competence, which calls for special professional training of the healthcare professionals [11]. This highlights that in terms of capacity, motivation and opportunity among healthcare professionals, what is needed is opportunity.
Evaluation of management (government and policy makers)
The treatment purpose of child with respiratory distress syndrome is to avoid hypoxemia, acidosis, fluid overloading in an attempt to avoid hypovolemia and hypotension and also minimizing lung injury. The most important advances in prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome are: a) antenatal glucocorticoids, b) surfactant administration, c) continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). These have decreased morbidity and mortality from respiratory distress syndrome [27]. In one recent report of study that investigated the quality of service associated with neonatal and perinatal and neonatal mortality, results from the Nigerian tertiary health facility highlighted the need for improvements on emergency obstetric services before to referral to tertiary facilities [28]. In another report from international community that highlighted the historical improvement in neonatology, improvement in staffing and facilities were core attributes [29]. therefore, it suffices to echo the report of Ogunlesi et al (2019) that the government through the ministries of health and management boards need to necessarily provide the manpower to run PHC facilities with a view to cater for respiratory distress syndrome at the community level. This resonates with what is known that Nigeria health ministries need to get the formula right [4].
Evaluation of the community
A preliminary survey of the level of knowledge had been carried out in some communities. The questionnaire included whether gas flaring contribute to air pollution and possible effects of the gas flares regarding health impact. The results showed very high proportion of the people are aware of the effect on human health including awareness that nearness to the gas flare site is a risk factor; with only 3% responses implying not being aware. What appeared confounding was that a little higher percentage agreed indicated effect on respiratory distress. Also, 69% or more of the respondents indicate having experienced the respiratory distress effect (Figure 3). Further results show that the people do seek medical attention from nearby secondary tier hospitals.
In most Africa countries, most health systems do struggle to provide quality primary health care to all members of their population. They have been shortages of staff, unreliable disbursement of medicines, health financing being inadequate while transitioning health information systems have been a persisting challenges that further deepen inequities in the quality of care provided across countries [5]. The changing burden of disease with increasing non-communicable chronic diseases means that health systems have to care for patients with complex health care needs. In addition to preventive, promotive and curative care, some patients will also require continuing chronic care management with links to the community and social services. Identifying problems and solution, then prioritizing the responses, is a critical part of improving PHC and ultimately of achieving better health and well-being, but too often this is approached in a technocratic manner.
In this brief review, focused attempt has been on PHC in Nigeria with regards to providing adequate care to pregnant mothers and new born who are at risk of respiratory distress disease. The objective was to identify the capacity of PHC in the management and prevention of respiratory distress disease among pregnant mothers and newborn. Based on the evaluation, it can be misconstrued that PHC has been indirectly providing services. However, a cursory review shows no literature or evidence of PHC with maternal and child health care unit. Instead, it has been noted that oxygen is not available in every hospital with personnel to manage acute respiratory distress syndrome [10]. There have been shortages of staff and inequitable funding [6, 7, 16]; while implementation of PHC has been known to be suffering political will [4].It is probably correct, as reported by limited literature, that maternal and child mortality rates have improved. However, it is arguably equally correct to attribute the improvements are not due to PHC service provision being now more available, but the people becoming more knowledgeable and proactively travelling long distance to seek healthcare. Thus, the issue of health inequity and this paper advances that the capacity in terms of knowledge is availability. Also the opportunity in terms of health needs for service is also available. What is missing is motivation in terms of health policy makers’ attitude to provide the necessary human and material resources in the PHC facilities.
Resources need to be mobilized and allocated appropriately to ensure adequate funding is available and ultimately supports PHC services. It should be borne in mind that the PHC approach is cost-effective and generates efficiencies, delivering health improvements. The government should work on the aspect of staff shortages by recruiting new staff and sending them on regular training and workshops that will add to and upgrade their knowledge.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
