AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Research
*Corresponding Author: Fé Fernández Hernández, MD Health Economy. Auxiliar Professor from Faculty of Medical Science “10 de Octubre”, at University of Medical Science of Havana, Cuba.
Citation: Efraín S. González and Fé Fernández Hernández. (2022). Over Mortality and Labor Productivity Lose Attributable to Smoking. J Clinical Research and Reports, 10(3); DOI:10.31579/2690-1919/227
Copyright: © 2022, Fé Fernández Hernández. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 08 January 2022 | Accepted: 18 January 2022 | Published: 31 January 2022
Keywords: smoking; labor productivity lose; over mortality; Cuba
Introduction: The labor productivity lose because of smoking can be separated by final result in absolute or relative. The absolute is the one that is associated to mortality and then is irreversible because implicate the death of consumer of cigarettes or tobacco in conditions able to work according to local law. This is the labor productivity lose that focus the attention of this research.
Objective: To design a procedure to determine the social cost by absolute labor productivity lose attributable to smoking.
Materials and Methods: The procedure was made taking account empirical methods as the descriptive statistic, solution of equation system and differential calculus.
Results: The procedure designed is appliable for transversal research only. For logitudinal research, the procedure need be applied for each time period. Nevertheless, the CIT develop might contribute with an apk to standarizate the calculus. The application of the procedure at Cuban context in 2011 showed the feasibility from their aplicability.
Conclusions: Was made a procedure to estimate the social cost by absolute labor productivity lose attributable to smoking. The procedure is useful in transversal research.
Smoking as risk factor it is present in several death causes in Cuba. These mortality causes represent more than the 80% of the whole mortality by the ten principal death causes [1].
WHO had appointment that one of the consequences from smoking to the national economy it is in the labor productivity lose for the time that smoker uses from work time to smoke and also in especial way, the work time lose because of a sickness related with smoking, the which may cause a vicious circle between addiction, productivity lose and poorness [2].
Also WHO had appointment that exist a very close relation between productivity force develop for the national economy and the tobacco and cigarettes consumption, where the bigger consumer around the world in absolute and relative way are the developing countries [3].
In Cuba, like characterize to producer and trader country for tobacco manufactured product, the fiscal income created by these products have an important relative burden over fiscal income structure in the government budget. Example of that it is the tax over circulation and sales especially over cigarettes and tobacco [4].
In same way, the income obtained by tax over workforce use and social security contribution may be potentially important to have the necessaries financial resources to guarantee the true assignation that may obtain all objectives previous from the state policy [5].
Related to health stay, smoking may play a significant role because of the bad effects that has over individual and collective return from the workforce like especial good that transform feedstock in the final product. Then, smoking is a health and labor productivity determinant for labor productivity across individual work result´s. These bad effects are putting out in the individual labor productivity demonstrated across the morbidity and the mortality [6].
The labor productivity lose because of smoking can be separated by final result in absolute or relative. The absolute is the one that is associated to mortality and then is irreversible because implicate the death of consumer of cigarettes or tobacco in conditions able to work according to local law. This is the labor productivity lose that focus the attention of this document. The relative one it is associated with morbidity without mortality. Don’t implicate the death of the consumer and the main characteristic is that is reversible [7].
The absolute labor productivity lose it is determinate by several factors like socials, economical or legal. Since the social point of view the influence is by acceptation level and the tolerance that the society in general and the work team in particular demonstrate to tobacco and cigarettes consumption and the risk perception level that have it over smoking especially by all active smokers too [8].
Since the economical point of view the influence is given by item related directly with market as supply and demand, which behavior determinate the market equilibrium for these products. Since the demand the influence is given by purchasing capacity and the consumption necessity given by addiction and by supply side the diversity of products and price [9].
Since the legal point of view, the influences are given by the measures of the labor activities in the society for searching like minimum age to work or to retire. Then, a more precise accounting for labor productivity lose cost´s should include the whole people who worked during the searching period, the gross domestic product created in that period, the life expectancy for consumers and the minimum age to retire. That’s why that use the total people in labor age isn’t good rate because include much people who don’t work because several causes. In that case is better use the total people who worked at searching period [10].
Abstracting, the absolute labor productivity lose attributable to smoking is determined by the smoker overmortality in first place and as main condition. Also is determined by the smoker death in age before retirement. These are the main condition for the existence of this social cost attributable to smoking.
Social cost because of absolute labor productivity loses
Overmortality as social phenomenon implicates a potential diminution for the individual life. To accounting this overmortality had been defined several concepts like life expectancy at born and also had been used several tools that may able the estimation for that life potential loses [11].
Overmortality because of smoking had been a worry reason for fiscal authorities. This situation had carried to make several searching where it appointment the importance of public policies in smoking control to reduce the overmortality because of smoking and the cost associated [12].
Overmortality attributable to smoking implicate a potential risk related with labor productivity lose because of the early death in active smoker in ages down retire age. This life time lose implicate additional cost to health system and an important opportunity cost for society for don’t have that workforce for productive return [13].
The academic community had used several methods estimating the number of year potentially lose like rate to the overmortality attributable to smoking. Life expectancy at born as rate measuring the whole life potential from a person died early isn´t sufficient because don’t take account the number of year in overlife that have people who don’t smoke over the life expectancy at born, understanding the distance that separate the life expectancy at born with the life expectancy in a no-smoker person [14].
The necessity to a better register it strength while number of person in population grow in applying public policies because it is necessary more economical resources to cover the searching. Given then the natural restriction from economical goods, it is understandable the use of other methods in population searching that with unless the same precision supports the same result: overmortality attributable to smoking like the difference between the potential life in an active smoker and the potential life in a no-active smoker [15].
These conditions show the necessity to have a procedure to determine the social cost by absolute labor productivity lose attributable to smoking. The main objective from this research is the designing of that procedure.
The procedure was made taking account empirical methods as the descriptive statistic, solution of equation system and differential calculus.
Supposes
Variables
To begin the analyze it is necessary to declare the variables to use:
Life expectancy at born. Middle years´ life in expectancy for a person at born. For this research EVNx will be used for female and EVNy for male.
Life expectancy for an active smoker: Middle years´ life for a person who active smoker. For this research EVFAx will be used for female and EVFAy for male.
Life expectancy for a passive smoker: Middle years´ life for a person who active smoker. For this research EVFPx will be used for female and EVFPy for male.
Overmortality in an active smoker respect to age middle life: Middle years´ life don’t lived by an active smoker respect to life expectancy at born. ASMx will be used for female and ASMy will be used for male.
Overlife in a passive smoker respect to the middle: Middle years´ life lived by a no-active smoker over the life expectancy at born. In this case SVFPx will be used for female and SVFPy will be used for male.
Total overmortality: Middle years´ life doesn’t live by an active smoker respect to a no-active smoker. For this research, SMTx will be used for female and SMTy will be used for male.
Probability to have an active smoker: relative number of active smokers inside the society for search. For this research PFAx will be used for female and PFAy for male.
Probability to have a no-active smoker: relative number of no-active smokers inside the society for search. For this research PFPx will be used for female and PFPy for male.
The procedure in self is simple but conclusive. Has like main objective determinate the absolute labor productivity´s lose in active smokers. The procedure can be clarified by the following picture.
Such as the picture before show, the absolute labor productivity´s lose it is part of the overmotality in an active smoker and it is the main reason for this procedure. Following it show the action to do to determinate the overmortality attributable to smoking.
Analytic description for relations established between the selected variables
From supposes it obtain the following equation:
From the equation declare it obtains the following equations:
Isolating PFAx from (I) and replace in (III) and, isolating PFAy from (II) and replace in (IV) it obtain:
Then, making (VII) – (IX) and (VIII) – (X) it obtains that:
By other way, isolating PFPx from (I) and replace in (III) and, isolating PFPy form (II) and replace in (IV) it obtains that:
Reordering the equation for each gender finally it obtains that:
Comparing (V) with (XIII) and (VI) with (XIV) it obtains that:
Making (XV) / (XI) and (XVI) / (XII) it obtain that:
Overmortality attributable to smoking is determined by the personal consumption of cigarettes or tobacco in active smokers and the relative number of active smokers. 16 Then, the proportion of overmortality attributable to smoking between genders it is equivalent to the proportion between the relative numbers of actives smokers, like show the following equation.
Then, multiplying both members by PFAx/PFAy and in the numerator for right member replaces by (XV) and in the denominator for the same member it replaces by (XVI) it obtains:
By other way and taking account the equations (XIII) and (XIV), the life expectancy at born it is a decreasing function for the probability to have an active smoker and the whole overmortality too. Then, smaller variations in the probability to have an active smoker or in the whole overmortaity will move the life expectancy at born in opposed way. But for more precise result it is necessary apply other rate: elasticity and the equation like result are the following:
In both cases,
is –SMT according to the gender. Then, rewriting the equations it obtains:
Selection of the necessaries equations to form a determined equation system
The previous numbered equations are forming a no-lineal determined equation system. This system is solve by substitution way. Including the certain variables thus like the appropriated equations it guarantee the unique solution for this system.
All variation of life expectancy at born in this analyze depend from the variation in the number of active smoker because the consumption level by active smoker is fix by suppose. This makes able the calculus for elasticity front of smaller variation in explicative variable [17].
It must appointment that this procedure implicates to calculate the overmortality in the active smoker over the life expectancy at born. Also it must take account that down the previous supposes the life expectancy at born is equivalent to the middle value between life expectancy in active and no-active smokers. That’s why if it determines the overmortality for the active smoker like the difference between life expectancy at born and the life expectancy in an active smoker, would be a leasing part didn’t account given by the overlife from the no-active smoker over life expectancy at born. This is one of the stronger from this procedure.
This procedure it is superior to the previous consulted because may a closer and precise estimation for overmortality in an active smoker. The others steps described it show in the applying of this procedure to Cuba in the 2011.
The Cuba example in 2011
From the solution of the equation system it obtains that like middle distance between male active smoker and male no-active smoker was 18.4 years. Then, the middle life expectative for active smoker in that year was 61-62 years.
For female gender, the whole overmortality was only 5.2 years. By which in this gender the life expectancy for active smoker was 75.9 years, 15.9 years over retire age. All before it shows in the following table.
| Gen / var | PFA | PFP | EVN (a) | SMFA | SVFP | SMT | EVFP | EVFA |
| Male | 0,2229 | 0,7771 | 76 | 14,3 | 4,1 | 18,4 | 80,1 | 61,78 |
| Female | 0,1145 | 0,8855 | 80 | 4,1 | 1,1 | 5,2 | 81,1 | 74,8 |
| Fountain: a: Cuban Yearbook | ||||||||
| All number calculate by author except EVN based on Cuban Statistic Yearbook and III National Asking about Risk Factors [18,19]. | ||||||||
Table 1: Over mortality from Cuban smokers in 2011 by gender
Excepted appointed value, all information is from calculus of authors
This labor productivity lose had a cost associated very important for the national economy. It main that like middle each male active smoker didn’t lived 3.22 years before arrive to retire age.
Making a regressive accounting for men down this condition it could determinate that 36211 men active smoker would have living until 2011 only if his life expectancy should be equal to retire age.
5010.2 Thousand employed had Cuban society in the year 2011. If this early death people should be living and working until arrive to retire age, the Cuban labor productivity should increase until 0.7%. Then, this rate indicates the high social cost associated to over mortality because of smoking [18].
The gross national save from 2011 in Cuba was 781 million of pesos and the workers payment were 22826 million of pesos. Had account with that productivity lose should means a potential increase of 52.6 million of pesos for the gross national save and 165 millions of pesos because of salaries. Both together are 217.6 millions of pesos done obtained in 2011 because of the early death of active smokers [18].
This procedure has the limitation that may be applied only for transversal research. For longitudinal research, the procedure need be applied for each time period. Nevertheless, the CIT develop might contribute with an apk to standarizate the calculus. The application of the procedure at Cuban context in 2011 showed the feasibility from their applicability.
Was made a procedure to estimate the social cost by absolute labor productivity lose attributable to smoking. The procedure is useful in transversal research.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
