AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Research Article
*Corresponding Author: Monoarul Haque, Associate Professor, Department of Public Health, German University Bangladesh
Citation: Ahmed S., Miah S., Novera J Hasan., Labib A., Haque M, (2024), Neck Pain among Dental Practitioners, Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Research, 7(5); DOI:10.31579/2768-0487/138
Copyright: © 2024, Luis L. Vázquez. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 01 May 2024 | Accepted: 27 May 2024 | Published: 31 May 2024
Keywords: neck pain; dental practitioner; bangladesh
Dentistry is a demanding profession regarding concentration and precision. Performance of dental treatment results in a very inflexible work posture and under stressful body position for prolonged period, bad pattern and faulty neck posture disturbs the normal spine curve of neck leading to muscular imbalance and consequently lead to neck pain and disability. The aim of the study is to measure the prevalence of neck pain among the Dental surgeons in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. This is a cross-sectional survey type study. Dentists who reported neck pain last for 12 months were selected as a study population. After screening Neck pain intensity was measured by using 101 NPRS. Then the dentists were given NPAD questionnaire to measure disability level due to neck pain. About 36.60% dental surgeons had neck pain whereas 63.40% did not have. Among 71 dental surgeons 55.20% had moderate neck pain according to neck pain and disability scale (NPAD scale) followed by 23.90% had mild pain and 20.90% had severe pain respectively. Statistically no significant association was found between neck pain and age group. Statistically significant association was found between neck pain and duration of job of the respondents. Moreover, study found that negative correlation between age of the dental surgeons and pain score and it was not statistically significant. It is concluded from the study that prevalence of neck pain among dental surgeons working in Dhaka city is still high i.e. one in every three dental surgeons suffered from neck pain. Preventive musculoskeletal awareness campaign and posture training can be conducted among dental surgeons.
The dentists are at high risk of neck and lower backache problems due to the limited work area with a limited scope of movement and narrow visual field associated with the oral cavity. These working restrictions frequently cause a clinician to assume stressful body positions to achieve good access and visibility inside the oral cavity. Furthermore, dental procedures are usually long; require much more concentration during work.[1] Dentist often cannot avoid prolonged static postures. Even in optimal seated postures, more than one-half of the body’s muscles are contracted statically, and there is little movement of the vertebral joints. This may result in damaging physiological changes that can lead to neck or musculoskeletal disorders.[2] in dentistry, overstrained and awkward postures, repetitiveness of different joint movements, use of high frequency vibration tools, and psychological stress have been identified as risk factors.[2,3] Studies have shown that dentists report more frequent musculoskeletal pain4,5 particularly neck pain, has been found to be a major health problem for dental practitioners.[6,7] its exact causes and an exact diagnosis is often difficult. It has been stated that the most common sites of pain among dentists are in the areas of the cervical and lumbar vertebrae. [8-10] Dentists are exposed to biomechanical risk factors, which indicate that work forced postures, would imply more risk of soreness and presence of skeletal muscle lesions. These lesions could begin to appear at the beginning of their clinical practice as students, by acquiring inadequate postures and working habits that will accompany them for the rest of their professional life, acquiring an unhealthy lifestyle in their work environment.[11] It is very important to maintain an adequate work posture and that the instruments and furniture that the dentist is working with have adequate working characteristics.[12] Working environment plays an important role in developing musculoskeletal problem. Sitting position, instrument handling, frequency of working hours is included with this problem. Sitting position is the most important factor as part of their working environment. Working hour has a direct relation in developing musculoskeletal symptom. Though there are high prevalence of the complaints of musculoskeletal system in dental professionals, but relatively few studies had focused in this profession.
This study focuses prevalence of neck pain among at a single point in a specified time. Considering time period and resource availability, cross-sectional analytical study design was most feasible for this study. Apart from socio-economic condition, working environment and life style pattern of study population, information on various factors that affect the muscles, ligaments and bones were also obtained in a cross-cut way. This study was conducted among dentists working in different dental clinics in Dhaka. This area was conveniently selected for data collection and to get adequate sample of study population. This study was carried out among dentists engaged in current dental practice in Dhaka, Bangladesh. This may force them to adopt different working conditions, which is reflected through potential differences in musculoskeletal health condition in neck. This situation provides an excellent opportunity to study how these different working conditions affect neck. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used to collect sample. Face to face interview was conducted to collect data. Pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to gather information. Medical records and history taking was used to find out neck pain. Dentists both male and female from different dental Clinics in Dhaka were included in the study. Data were collected by 101NPRS scale and questionnaire of NPAD. The study focused on prevalence of neck pain among dentists at a single point in a specified time. Neck pain was measured using the standardized 101 Numerical Pain Rating scale. The Numeric pain rating scale is a unidimensional measure of pain intensity in adults. The 101-point numeric scale 0-100 which 0 means no pain and 100 means worst pain imaginable. After completing 101 NPRS scale the dentists who reported neck pain, was given the Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPAD) to measure the disability levels due to neck pain. The scale includes 20 pain items which comprise of four factors: problems with the neck (neck stiffness, head turning, looking over head, medicine effects on neck pain), intensity of pain (today’s a pain, average pain, worst pain), effects of neck pain on emotion and cognition, and neck pain interference with functional aspects of living. Study participants were selected from different dental clinics in Dhaka. Computer technology SPSS was used for classification, differentiation, presentation and analysis of data. Descriptive as well as inferential statistics were used to analyze data. Data were presented in graph and table.
About 36.60
Dentistry is physically and mentally a demanding profession. The physical characteristics include good psychomotor skills, hearing, visual quality, manual skill and ability to maintain good posture during work for an extended period of time. In case the dentist fails to adjust to a particular working environment, he/she can incur injury or disability. Hence dentists are at risk of work-related diseases/injuries e.g allergies, systemic diseases, loss of hearing and musculoskeletal problems. World Health Organization describes work related musculoskeletal diseases being dependent on many factors including but not exclusive to structural, psychosocial and socio-cultural variables. The second most common MSD in dentistry is neck pain.13 The symptoms of MSD are categorized by occurrence of uneasiness, disablement and pain for a prolonged time period in the soft tissue structures.53 Dentistry demands high accuracy and is frequently performed with the cervical spine being rotated and flexed forward. This produces high static load in the neck region. Extended duration of static load and repetitive movements can result in neck pain, tension neck syndrome, muscle imbalance or cervical instability.14 As the oral cavity is narrow, dentists have a constrained visual field and restricted movement of neck and back leading to pain in these regions.55 The forward flexion of head and neck leads to cervical spine instability that causes straightening of its curvature. There is an increased risk of disc herniation and prolapse due to the lengthening and shortening of particular muscles, tendons and ligaments. Inflammation of neck muscles ensues due to overload and an unstable neck posture.14 As a result of tension neck syndrome (TNS), patients can have some symptoms like rigidity, pain and soreness in the region of trapezius. This is frequently associated with muscular spasm or tenderness or trigger points. It is not necessary that all symptoms must be localized in the region of neck but this can radiate into arms, skull and between shoulder blades. The most common symptoms of TNS are headache. The primary causative factor for TNS is poor posture with forward head position. The associated factors with neck pain include forward head posture or increased working hours. The symptoms of neck pain can be worse in professions where work demands extended head posture and utilization of muscles with reduced endurance that stabilize the neck.14 Risk factors for this problem include high demands of job, poor job control, minimum social support and some personal characteristics.15 Age related changes in vertebral column, its shape, weakness of muscles, poor practice posture / techniques of lifting and mechanical pressure are factors that contribute in neck and back pain.16 Cervico-genic headache is a pain that refers from cervical spine to the head. Physiology of this pain is conjunction between trigeminal afferents and upper three cervical spinal nerves afferents.17 The present study found that mean age of the respondents was 36.88±7.22 years. More than half of the respondents passed Bachelor of Dental Surgery. Mean duration of job of the respondents was 9.48±6.28 years. About 36.60
Dentists are at the high risk of musculoskeletal symptoms in the neck. The reason for it is the position of work is difficult with cervical spine in flexion and rotation, repetitive procedure which demand accuracy. Among 71 dental surgeons 55.20% had moderate neck pain according to neck pain and disability scale followed by 23.90% had mild pain and 20.90% had severe pain respectively. Statistically no significant association was found between neck pain and age group. Statistically significant association was found between neck pain and duration of job of the respondents. Moreover, study found that negative correlation between age of the dental surgeons and pain score and it was not statistically significant. It is concluded from the study that prevalence of neck pain among dental surgeons working in Dhaka city is still high. Neck pain can be overcome by some preventive measures like dentist’s chair is properly constructed and the design of work unit should be appropriate, educate the dentist regarding ergonomics and should improve the work organization.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
