AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Review Article
*Corresponding Author: Ahmad Reza Rahnemoon, Retired in Hematology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Citation: Ahmad R. Rahnemoon, (2023), Leukemia initiating cells and their niche, J. Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics, 7(6); DOI:10.31579/2640-1053/166
Copyright: © 2023, Ahmad Reza Rahnemoon. this is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 07 November 2023 | Accepted: 15 November 2023 | Published: 23 November 2023
Keywords: leukemia initiating cell; leukemia stem cell; malignant hematopoietic microenvironment
Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) possess several key properties of normal cells including self -renewal, unlimited proliferative potential, infrequent or slow replication. Leukemia initiating cells (LICs) refer to all cells with leukemia- initiating potential and/or LSC capacity. Actually, our definition for leukemia initiating cells requires that those cells should be capable of self-renewal which resulting in the appearance of progeny that share the ability of self-renew as well.
Hematopoietic cells have an essential role in the niche for self- renewal and differentiation of HSCs in vivo and their hematopoietic microenvironment show to generate functional hematopoietic stem cells. Niches provide special support for cell viability or those are for specific cell populations, varied growth factors, extra cellular matrix components and cell adhesion molecules. On other words, when tissue damage occurs, for back to the common goal, niches are as a feedback system for communicating information in pass on the disease, namely try to go to the state of tissue back in the connect with stem cells which means understand and accept the position and try to solve the problem as well. In reality, HSCs provide homeostatic maintenance of the blood system through their ability to differentiate and generate the hundreds of millions of erythrocytes and leukocytes needed per day. All told, in the microenvironment and stem cell niche unit, HSC self- renewal, control in balance between HSCs self- renewal, their differentiation and maturation can be important as well [1-6].
LSCs infiltrate the bone marrow (BM) and interfere with the normal HSC microenvironment hemostasis. In reality, pre-leukemic/leukemic stem cell model proposes a non-genetic mechanism in leukemic process which harmonized with the genetic model associated with epigenetic deregulation, contribute to leukemia heterogeneity. In addition, LICs are different from LSCs which LICs are only defined by their abilities to start working of leukemia initially into new group better introducing but with or without self-renewal ability. (18-19)
Figure 1: a) In the malignant cellular homogeneity, the tumor initiating cell and tumor propagating cell are the same entity and genetically approximately. b) In this model, some genetic aberrations can be happened, so any further potentiate malignancy leads to cellular heterogeneity. [1-2,17]
We know acute myeloid leukemia (AML) leukemia initiating cells reside within the CD34+ CD38- compartment suggested that AML HSCs are rare cells which resemble normal HSCs sharing a common limited immune-phenotype with rare population. In fact, the origin cell of any myeloid malignancy is dictated by the specific genetic and epigenetic changes together which can go to severe alterations. Moreover, in this way, the marrow microenvironment retains the ability to supply the growing tumor (tumor initiation) with malignant hematopoietic progenitors that go subsequently to more tumor propagating cells and to acute leukemia as well (figure 2).
Figure 2: The distinction between cancer stem cells (CSCs) and cancer-initiating cells: Cancer-initiating cell (blue color) undergoes oncogenic transformation in order to develop a tumor, or CSCs is not necessarily the transformed tissue-specific stem cell, but rather gives rise to the malignancy.
Based on the facts, LICs may be defined for specific genetically like translocation, etc. but sometimes demonstrated with normal karyotype or without any genetic alterations as well. On the other hand, we know that the prenatal origin has been proven for some fusion genes such as ETV6/RUNX1, BCR/ABL1, TCF3/PBX1 (E2A/PBX1), hyper-diploidy and KMT2A are the most translocations or aberrations which can occur in some children but the question is: why a part of carriers develops to ALL? In response, infection and delayed infection can be as a possible cause for this leukemic transformation. We know HSC niche provides essential micro-environmental cues for the production and maintenance of HSC in the BM as during the inflammation hematopoietic dynamics which can be perturbed. In this way, notably the mixing of populations has been postulated that can be as a causal factor in the appearance of leukemic transformation after HSC- niche microenvironment deteriorating which means the role of infection can be exposed as a trigger in start of LICs activation in the pathway and in progression from pre-leukemia to leukemia as well.[3-9,17-19]
Figure 3: Infection provides a suitable model that can directly perturbs cells of the hematopoietic system which affect undifferentiated stem cell and other progenitor cells (cancer world media).
As we know blood cell production is not static and the BM has evolved to sense and respond to infection that has deleterious effects injuring HSC, inefficient hematopoiesis, and eventually can go to remodeling (malignant environment potential) which resulting is in the destruction of hematopoietic microenvironment as well (the microenvironment remodel). In this regard, notably some studies demonstrating that the stromal compartment of the BM is highly heterogeneous and suggesting that particular components of the microenvironment provide unique niches supporting some lineages differentiation too (populations mixing). The other studies stated some cases such as B cell infection with EBV that is latent, and the virus does not undergo replication. These latently infected B cells can then go on to produce proteins which function to promote cellular growth through normal signaling pathways modification and changing as well. Then they can promote into LIC appearance with the abnormality of niche and go to malignant B cells via proteins that limit apoptosis in cells which had the c-MYC translocation (figure 3). Apoptosis is limited by EBV through various means like the EBNA1 protein, BHF1 protein, EBER transcripts, vIL-10, BZLF1, and LMP1. It is mentionable that the dynamic interplay among leukemic cells and their microenvironment, also plays a necessary role in the development of the malignant B-cells. Hence if the LIC is the apex of the leukemic hierarchy, LSCs can be isolated from the reminder of malignant hematopoietic cells based on specific cell surface markers. [3-6,10-15]
After the producing of induced HSCs or HPCs, so there may be more than one way to reprogram cells in the hematopoietic lineage which means LIC can appear in the position possibly and so it will be a next way for understanding of LSCs biology in leukemia therapy. In this pathway, these cells notably play the essential role for self- renewal and differentiation of HSCs in vivo and hematopoietic microenvironment show to generate functional hematopoietic stem cells as well. That`s why, if undesirable position happened, then a subpopulation of HSCs are likely to leave their current niche and explore larger regions of BM space, hence in this condition (like some infections, figure 3) HSCs migration may benefit for an individual by corresponding to a simple bet-hedging strategy which HSCs enable to move from deteriorating niches to other more supportive niches for find a better position, so it is a robust strategy. For example, if the signals passed among the stem cells and the niche, now be blocked, thus stem cells must choose to either cling on or go in search to find a better microenvironment, otherwise if could not, so gradually go to ruined microenvironment and to malignant position possibly. Now, here, the role of LIC is prominent because all agents can help to destroy the micro-environment generally. Therefore, after the cells are perturbed at the hematopoietic system, may be directly effect on undifferentiated stem cell and other progenitor cells which lead to upset and unexpected results in these cells [1,2,11-17] (figures 3&4).
Here, the role of LICs can be embossed because firstly, many of random mutations that occur in hematopoietic cells affect non-critical genes (passenger genes) providing no growth advantage to the stem cells, now if bad luck happens when a mutation occurs in a gene that provides a proliferative advantage to the hematopoietic cells which the cells resulting clone has a greater chance to acquire mutations additionally that might evolve to leukemia frankly (figures 1&2). Secondly, in animal models, leukemia is initiated by a rare population of cells called LICs. Meanwhile, some groups have shown that LSC is able to differentiation into some different lineages which the ability of cells to trans-differentiation likely has little relevance with regard to the malignancy (figures 3&4) which describe the plastic nature of these stem cells and their ability to generate the heterogeneous cellular population that demonstrate some minor sub-populations as well. [10-15,18,19]
Figure 4: Peripheral blood film of a patient with CML with thrombocytosis and basophilia (L García Alonso, GECH Atlas).
In better understanding, some examples are necessary as follows: 1) myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal disorders of hematopoiesis that lead to increase one or more mature blood cell progeny (populations mixing) which a minority of cases of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) can fit with MPN in being associated with increased numbers of mature cell progeny but MDSs cases are with dysplasia and cytopenia as well. In better words, MPN is the stem cell disorder characterized by the involvement of all three major myeloid cell lineages, namely they are clonal disorders of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell with varying degree the potential (leukemia initiating potential) that can transform into acute myeloid leukemia. Actually, during MPN, after LIC appearance, then the activation of LSC with overproduce of leukemic myeloid cells as well as secrete high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which resulting is the development of MPN in the time limit. So, the results demonstrate that MPN development remodels the endosteal BM niche into self-reinforcing leukemic niche which impairs normal hematopoiesis, favor LSC function including leukemic myeloid cells that can stimulate MSCs to overproduce functionally altered OBCs which accumulate in the BM cavity as inflammatory myelofibrotic cells and then can go to BM fibrosis. [4,5,11,18]
2] Polycythemia Vera (PV) leads to excessive of erythroid, myeloid and megakaryocytic elements within the bone marrow (populations mixing) with leukemia initiating potential that the cells can go to MPN- blast phase because these data indicated the existence of malignant and non- malignant populations of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) in BM of PV which including a normally EPO-responsive population and a population of cells similar in proliferative and maturational behavior in vitro with no EPO as well ( autonomous population with leukemia initiating potential). In this case, how single cell is subverted and can change to neoplasm and then to drive into leukemia? In fact, the power of single cell biological approaches to uncovering novel molecular networks in heterogenous cell population, that`s why LIC is at the apex of the leukemic hierarchy, namely although LIC and LSC being used interchangeably for leukemia, but their concepts are not the same, or in better words, LIC more appropriately denote the leukemic cells of origin, whereas LSCs are the subpopulation with the self-renewal capacity and long term clonal maintenance in the later stage. As we know PV is a clonal and chronic with driver mutations affecting JAK2. In this case, we cannot forget the important role of hematopoietic microenvironment on the neoplastic cells with or without JAK2 as an essential and original cause in PV existence.
Generally, in leukemia, LICs divide asymmetrically resulting in LIC self-renewal and production of a daughter cell known as a transient amplifying cell (transgenic model) which these cells is not thought to possess self-renewing capabilities but instead divides to contributes to leukemia development indefinitely, so in the case the structure of hematopoietic microenvironment is ruined. For example, in CML, transgenic models demonstrated that BCR/ABL1 expressing in the myeloid progenitor cells are sufficient to drive to leukemic progression (the essential role of leukemic cells including committed stem cells, other progenitor cells into maturation cells) even if BCR/ABL1 be absent in the HSCs (the important role of malignant hematopoietic microenvironment) (figure 4).
Also, in B-cell ALL with rearrangements of the mixed lineage leukemia gene is a highly aggressive and chemotherapy-resistant cancer in babies; LICs can restart it and cause relapse. [1,2,10-12,16-19]
The LIC process is including one cell that is capable of self-renewal and also, more differentiated daughter cell such as leukemia initiating cells in AML with CD34+ CD38-. Hence, the more differentiated progeny that are no longer able to undergo self-renewal after asymmetric division which often referred to as progenitor cells or transient amplifying cells that can be as the support tumor growth. Thus, LSCs are different from LICs which means LIC is only defined by their abilities to initiate leukemia, namely the cell or all cells with leukemia initiating potential and the carrying of leukemic power. It is mentionable LICs are formed and maintained at the leukemic niches, which in turn affect on stem-ness as well as lineage plasticity. On the other hand, in the process of leukemia progression, perhaps leukemic cells (LSCs) remain in contact with multiple micro-environment such as spleen, central nervous system (C.N.S) or thymus as well.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
