AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Editorial
*Corresponding Author: Uday Jain, Department of Anesthesiology, San Mateo Medical Center, San Mateo, California.
Citation: Jain U. (2022), Influenza Persists. J. Gastroenterology Pancreatology and Hepatobilary Disorders. 6(2) DOI: 10.31579/2641-5194/057
Copyright: © 2022, Uday Jain, This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 11 November 2021 | Accepted: 10 December 2021 | Published: 08 January 2022
Keywords: influenza A viruses ; influenza B viruses; COVID-19; sepsis; meningitis
In the US, influenza (flu) causes 9 to 45 million illnesses, leading to 12,000 to 61,000 deaths annually (10.1001/jama.2020.14772).
World Health Organization estimates that worldwide annually there are about one billion infections, 3-5 million severe illnesses, and 300,000-500,000 deaths (10.1038/s41572-018-0002-y). Influenza is caused primarily by influenza A and influenza B viruses. Influenza A is the cause of pandemics. A schematic diagram of influenza A virus is presented in Figure 1. Influenza will continue to be prevalent because its current vaccines are safe but only 30-60
Since the start of COVID-19 pandemic, influenza is of greater concern. Overlapping spread of both diseases is a major strain on the health care system. Their coinfection is not common but may cause more severe disease. Influenza vaccination and therapy are important in addition to COVID-19 vaccination and therapy, especially in persons at increased risk.
Influenza’s median incubation period is 2 days. Patients are infectious for a day before and 5 to 7 days after symptoms. COVID-19 has an incubation period of 4-12 days, a median of about 5 days. Patients are most infectious from 2 days before symptom onset. Influenza symptoms peak in 3-7 days. COVID-19 symptoms peak in second or third week. The spread of both viruses is facilitated by transmission by asymptomatic patients.
About one-half of influenza A cases are due to aerosol transmission (10.1038/s41598-019-38825-y). Adequate ventilation can reduce it. Precautions utilized during the COVID-19 pandemic reduced the incidence of influenza in 2020. Used appropriately, surgical masks reduce the concentration of aerosolized influenza virus by about ten-fold and are adequate for prophylaxis against influenza (10.1016/j.jhin.2013.02.007; 10.7326/M20-3213). Transmission by respiratory droplets can also be reduced by masking. Transmission by direct contact can be reduced by hand and general hygiene. COVID-19 is transmitted in a similar manner. Social distancing reduces transmission by all the mechanisms.
Influenza is less contagious and causes less severe disease than COVID-19. Quarantine recommended for COVID-19 patients is not necessary for those with influenza. Children play an important role in transmitting influenza. Healthcare providers should take precautions to avoid infecting themselves and others.
The Centers for Disease Control define ILI as fever 100°F (38°C) or greater and cough or sour throat that is not due to another known cause including streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat). ILI’s causes can be benign such as common cold (nasopharyngitis caused by rhinovirus or other viruses) or severe including sepsis, meningitis, COVID-19, and SARS. Often there is an abrupt onset. SARS leads to severe disease in most of the infected. Influenza and COVID-19 cause mild disease in most of the infected (10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30484-9). SARS is currently not prevalent. Severe disease due to COVID-19 and SARS occurs primarily in the elderly. Influenza is more evenly distributed across the age groups. ILI can cause immunosuppression, leading to bacterial pneumonia, necessitating antibiotics (10.1097/QCO.0000000000000347).
After general anesthesia, children with influenza have a longer hospital length of stay and increased risk of requiring intensive care (10.1186/1471-2253-11-16). Routine surgery should be postponed for about four weeks in a patient with ILI. Unvaccinated patient should be offered influenza vaccination after the acute phase of ILI has passed and before the surgery. Before performing urgent surgery, severe causes of ILI should be excluded.
In cold weather URI is common, especially in children. Often it is due to common cold, or noninfectious allergic or vasomotor rhinitis. Less commonly, it can be early presentation of more serious illness including ILI, COVID-19, strep throat, and herpes simplex. Early in infection it is difficult to distinguish between different etiologies of URI.
URI may cause sneezing, coughing, headache, malaise, rhinorrhea, sore throat, sinusitis, and bronchitis. Subsequently, bronchi may be hyperreactive for about six weeks.
Pulmonary complications associated with surgery in a patient with URI are bronchospasm, laryngospasm, coughing, breath holding, postintubation croup, episodes of desaturation, atelectasis, and pneumonia. Anticholinergics and bronchodilators may not be beneficial. Perioperatively, adequate hydration and humidification should be maintained. There are no pediatric or adult anesthesia closed claims that implicate URIs including influenza with serious adverse events.
There is a very small incidence of viral myocarditis in patients with URI including ILI. It may lead to serious arrhythmias and refractory heart failure (10.1016/j.jcrc.2018.06.001; 10.1038/s41569-020-00435-x).
These include nucleic acid amplification via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and antigen-based immunological assays. A PCR test can be performed even at the point-of-care with results available within an hour (10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30469-0). This can facilitate infection control and utilization of antiviral therapeutics. It is especially useful for patients who have severe symptoms or are hospitalized. Test for COVID-19 may also be performed if indicated.
It is the best preventive measure. Although not very efficacious, it substantially reduces morbidity and mortality because of high prevalence of influenza. It is recommended for anyone over 6 months of age. It is especially beneficial in the presence of age <2>65 years, pregnancy, and pre-existing conditions (10.1001/jama.2020.14772). Lack of vaccination in pregnancy not only increases the risk to mother but also increases the risk of preterm birth, fetal death, infant respiratory infection and hospital admission.
The T cell response vaccines elicit is substantially weaker than the antibody response. Children may need two doses of vaccine, at least four weeks apart. The vaccine should be administered at least one week before surgery. It takes two weeks to develop full effect. As the protection wanes over time, mid-September to mid-October is preferred for vaccination. Influenza and COVID-19 vaccines may be administered together. The vaccine may be administered to surgical inpatients (10.7326/M15-1667).
The influenza virus mutates frequently. Quadrivalent vaccines protect against four of the currently most prevalent strains of influenza. The vaccines are altered every year for the predicted prevalent strains.
Nine vaccines from four manufacturers are available in the US. Inactivated influenza vaccine is most commonly used. It is approved for persons above 6 months of age. As older individuals have a reduced response, vaccines that have a higher dose or are adjuvanted are recommended for persons above 65 years of age. The vaccine is usually administered intramuscular, but a lower dose intradermal vaccine is non-inferior (10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.35693).
Live-attenuated influenza vaccine is administered via nasal spray. It is approved for ages 2-49 years. It may be preferable in some situations such as vaccinating many persons in a community. It should be avoided if the patient or someone nearby has a suppressed immune system. Hence, it is not suitable for inpatients.
Recombinant vaccine and cell culture vaccine do not contain egg products. They are especially suitable for persons who need to avoid eggs because of allergy or dietary preferences.
Universal vaccines that provide durable response against all influenza strains are in human trials (10.1038/s41591-020-1118-7). These vaccines generate antibodies against the viral hemagglutinin protein stem (stalk) domain (HA2). Current vaccines generate antibodies against the immunodominant globular head domain (HA1), which is variable and mutates much more frequently.
Vaccines utilizing mRNA are also in human trials. They are likely to have greater efficacy but more side effects than current vaccines. A major advantage of the mRNA vaccines is that they can be readily modified to match mutations in the virus.
Influenza vaccine reduces the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular adverse outcomes and mortality among adults, especially in the presence of pre-existing conditions and advanced age. This was confirmed in a meta-analysis of studies on all adults (10.1016/j.arr.2020.101124). Another meta-analysis found that vaccine reduced the risk of adverse cardiac outcomes, especially in sicker patients (10.1001/jama.2013.279206).
Preoperative vaccination is beneficial. A large study of elderly patients who had major surgery found preoperative vaccination reduced by about one-half the risk of pneumonia, intensive care admission, and death (10.1093/infdis/jix616). Patients also had shorter hospital stays and reduced resource utilization.
These include neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, and laninamivir; cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor baloxavir; and matrix protein M2 ion channel blockers (10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.19151). They attenuate viral replication. They provide postexposure prophylaxis. When started within 2 days of symptom onset, they reduce duration and severity of the disease, and complications. They also reduce transmission of influenza virus. However, their efficacy is limited, especially in patients with serious illness. They are expensive and not widely utilized.
Although influenza and COVID-19 have similar initial symptoms, their therapeutics are different. Thus, dexamethasone reduces mortality for hospitalized COVID-19 patients on respiratory support but may increase mortality for hospitalized influenza patients (10.1001/jama.2020.15260).
They are usually caused by zoonotic influenza A virus strains migrating to humans. The 1918 “Spanish flu” pandemic caused by influenza A H1N1 virus led to more than 40 million deaths worldwide. H1 denotes haemagglutinin subtype 1 and N1 denotes neuraminidase subtype 1. The pandemics of 1957, 1968 and 2009 were caused by influenza A H2N2, H3N2, and H1N1 viruses, respectively. The 2009 “swine flu” influenza A H1N1 virus that originated from pigs was antigenically different from previously dominant influenza A H1N1 viruses. It caused 150,000-600,000 deaths worldwide. Avian influenza “bird flu” caused by H5N1 and H7N9 is not prevalent. Overlapping occurrence of influenza pandemic and COVID-19 will be devastating. Vigilance and prompt action are essential to prevent zoonotic influenza A virus strains from migrating to humans.
Influenza is a prevalent respiratory disease that will continue to affect anesthesia practice in the foreseeable future. With appropriate management, the risk of adverse outcomes is low. Vaccination is highly recommended, especially preoperatively.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
