AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Research Article
*Corresponding Author: Prasad Neerati, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Division, Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, India.
Citation: Prasad Neerati, Maheshwari K (2018) Influence Of Resveratrol on The Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Naproxen: Involvement of CYP1A2 Inhibition.J. Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology Research 1(1); DOI: 10.31579/2693-7247/004
Copyright: © 2018 Prasad Neerati. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation: Prasad Neerati, Maheshwari K, Influence Of Resveratrol on The Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Naproxen: Involvement of CYP1A2 Inhibition. J. Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology Research, doi.org/ 10.31579/3.10004.
Received: 05 December 2017 | Accepted: 19 January 2018 | Published: 30 January 2018
Keywords: Naproxen, Resveratrol, Carrageenan, CYP1A2 enzyme
The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of resveratrol (RSV) on the pharmacokinetics of naproxen (NAP) in rats. A single dose of RSV 30mg/kg was administered once during treatment phase. A single dose of NAP 25mg/kg was administered after RSV treatment. The blood samples were collected after NAP dosing at predetermined time intervals and analyzed by HPLC. In comparison with the control, RSV pretreatment significantly enhanced maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), area under the curve (AUC), and half life (t1/2) and significantly decreased apparent oral clearance (CL/F) and apparent volume of distribution (Vd/F), while there was no significant change observed in time to reach maximum concentration (tmax) of NAP. The results suggest that the altered pharmacokinetics of NAP might be attributed to RSV-mediated inhibition of CYP1A2 enzyme. Therefore, combination therapy of NAP along with RSV may represent a novel approach to reduce dosage and results in reduced gastrointestinal side effects of NAP.
Naproxen (NAP) (6-methoxy-α-methyl-2-napthalene acetic acid) is a non –steriodal anti-inflammatory drug effective in rheumatoid arthritis (Bowers et al.1975) and as analgesic (Ruedy and Mcullongh 1973). The efficacy of naproxen is related to its plasma concentrations (Dayet al.1982). Naproxen is well absorbed orally in doses as high as 900mg (Runkel et al.1974) and is concentrated largely in plasma (Runkel et al. 1972) because of extensive binding to plasma albumin (Brogden et al. 1984) Naproxen is a stereochemically pure nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug of the 2-arylpropionic acid class. The absorption of naproxen is rapid and complete when given orally. Naproxen is eliminated following biotransformation to glucuroconjugated and sulphate metabolites which are excreted in urine, with only a small amount of the drug being eliminated unchanged. The excretion of the 6-0-desmethylnaproxen metabolite conjugate may be tied to renal function, as accumulation occurs in end-stage renal disease. Naproxen undergoes phase I dealkylation by cytochrome P450 (CYP) to the O-demethylated metabolite, followed by phase II acylglucuronidation. Hence, naproxen is oxidised to 6-0-desmethylnaproxen (6-DMN) and conjugated to naproxen acyl glucuronide and 6-0-desmethylnaproxen acylglucuronide (6-DMNG).
A preliminary report demonstrated that human liver microsomal O-demethylation of S-naproxen was decreased by the CYP2C9-specific inhibitor Sulfaphenazole .A subsequent investigation has shown that sulfaphenazole reduced microsomal demethylation of S-naproxen by 47%, and the CYPIA2 inhibitor furafylline decreased O-demethylation of S-naproxen by 28%, suggesting that CYP2C9 and lA2 together account for the majority of human liver demethylation of naproxen.
Resveratrol (RSV) (3, 4′, 5-trihydroxystilbene) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic phytoalexin is present in fruits, vegetables, grape skins and especially in redwine. RSV possesses diverse biochemical and physiological properties including anti-inflammatory, immune modulatory activities as well as wide range of health benefits
ranging from chemoprevention to cardio protection (Kalantari and Das, 2010; Brisdelli et al., 2009). RSV has recently been shown to exert genoprotective, cytotoxic, antiproliferative and proapoptotic actions in different tumoural cell lines (Romano et al., 2013). RSV exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through the modulation of enzymes and pathways that produce mediators of inflammation.RSV possesses good potential to be used as an adjunctive or alterative therapy for inflammatory diseases (Das and Das, 2007; Udenigwe et al., 2008). In addition,RSV has been shown to produce a low profile of side effects (Cottart et al., 2010). Thus, the combination of NAP along with RSV could be an alternative in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
NAP is an important anti-inflammatory drug with widespread use, and its administration receiving long-term therapy with herbal compounds or dietary supplements containing RSV may occur. An extensive study of the literature did not revealany report of an interaction between NAP and RSV. It is therefore relevant to consider the interaction between NAP and RSV. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of RSV treatment on the pharmacokinetics of NAP in rats.
Materials:
Naproxen was a gift sample from Aurobindo Pharmaceuticals (Jadcherla, Mahaboobnagar). Carrageenan was obtained from (Sigma Aldrich,Bangolore ). RSV was procured from Navachetan (New Delhi, India). Solvents used for quantitative analysis (Merck, India) and all other chemicals and reagents which were used in the study are of analytical grade.
Animals: Albino male Wistar rats weighing 200–250 g were used for the study. The animals were procured from the central animal facility at Kakatiya University, Warangal. The rats were group housed in polypropylene cages (38 x 23 x 10 cm) with not more than 5 animals per cage. They were maintained under standard laboratory conditions with a natural light-dark cycle (14± 1 h light; 10 + 1 h dark) and were allowed free access to standard dry rat diet and tap water ad libitum. All procedures described were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC/35/UCPSc/KU/2016). The rats were divided into different groups of 6 animals each.
Method:
Carrageenan induced Paw edema model:
1% w/v suspension of carrageenan is prepared freshly in normal saline & injected into sub plantar region of the left hind paw. Test drug is administered orally/i.p. Paw volume upto the ankle joint measured in drug treated & untreated groups & 3hrs after carrageenan challenge using a plethysmograph filled with mercury. Edema is found out & % reduction in edema is calculated using the formula.
% reduction in edema= mean edema in control group / mean edema in treated control group - mean edema in drug treated groupx 100.
All the animals were divided into V groups containing 6 animals each ( n=6).Group(III)
resveratrol 30mg/kg p.o, group(IV) naproxen 25mg/kg p.o, and group(V) combination received drug treatment for a period of three weeks.
On the 21st day of the study, after an hour blood samples were obtained from retro orbital sinus at time intervals of 0.5,1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7 hours and samples were stored at -80ºC till further analysis. Next day all the groups except Group (I) received 1% w/v suspension of carrageenan, injected in to the subplantar region for 1 day. Group I received only vehicle i.e., Normal saline. Each animal was observed in separate cage for atleast 30 minutes after carrageenan induced inflammation.
Determination of Naproxen in Plasma samples:
Stock solutions and standards:
Stock solutions of naproxen were prepared by dissolving naproxen in methanol resulting in a solution containing 1mg/ml. This solution was diluted 20-fold to give a working solution of 50 μg/ml. Stock solution of internal standard was prepared by dissolving ibuprofen in methanol to give 1mg/ml concentration.
Treatment of Plasma samples:
The working solutions (100μl) were separately transferred to clean dry centrifugation tubes. Plasma (500 μl) was added to each tube. These were vortex mixed for 2 min before adding 400 μl of methanol. These were vortex mixed before centrifugation at 5000 rpm for 5minsSupernatant was separated and loaded into HPLC vials before injecting 50 μl into the HPLC system.
Calibration curves:
Calibration curves were constructed in rat plasma. These involved replicate analysis of plasma samples spiked with varying concentrations of Naproxen ( 0.5,1,2,5,10,20 and 40μg/ml) and a fixed concentration of the internal standard (10 μg/ml). The calibration curve of naproxen is a plot of ( PAR) peak area ratio of the drug to the internal standard as a function of the drug concentration (C).
Pharmacokinetic analysis:
The pharmacokinetic parameters, Peak serum concentrations [ Cmax] and time to reach peak concentration [ tmax] were directly obtained from concentration-time data. In the present study AUC0-t refers to AUC from 0 to 7 hours, which was determined by linear trapezoidal rule, and AUC0-∞ refers to AUC from 0 to infinity. The AUC0-∞ was calculated using the formula AUC0-t +[Clast/ Kcl] where Clast is the concentration in mg/ml at the last time point and Kcl is the elimination rate constant.
During the study period, no serious adverse events related to drug were reported. The pharmacokinetic parameters and mean plasma concentration–time profiles of NAP after pretreatment with RSV are shown in (Table 1) and (Table 2), respectively.
| P TIME (h) | NAP | NAP+RSV |
| 0 | 0±0 | 0±0 |
| 1 | 2.1±0.24 | 2.8±0.29 |
| 2 | 5.6±0.32 | 6.1±0.35 |
| 4 | 8.6± 0.72 | 8.3± 0.68 |
| 6 | 4.3±0.28 | 8.4±0.31 |
| 8 | 3.2±0.18 | 4.8±0.20 |
| 10 | 2.1±0.9 | 3.5±0.12 |
| 12 | 1.3±0.8 | 2.3±0.2 |
Table1:Mean serum concentration (ug/ml) of Naproxen and naproxen in presence of resveratrol (SDT & MDT) in inflammatory rats:
| PK PARAMETER | Naproxen | NAP+RSV |
| Cmax (µg/ml) | 1.8±0.72 | 2.95±0.7 ** |
| tmax (h) | 1.4±0 | 2.82±0 |
| AUC 0-t (µg/ml/h) | 4.81±1.8 | 7.61±2.7*** |
| t ½ (h) | 10.7±0.05 | 14.3±0.06** |
| Clearance (l/hr) | 14.83±5.45 | 6.01±2.85*** |
| Vd (ml) | 822.92±8.68485500 | 12.96±7.32 *** |
Table2:Mean Pharmacokinetic parameters of Naproxen in presence of resveratrol in Inflammatory rats:
Mean ± SD: ***significant at p<0>
The plasma NAP concentrations were increased after RSV pretreatment when compared to control phase. The mean Cmax (1.8±0.72 versus 2.95±0.7μg/mL, p<0>
The pharmacodynamic study states that the percentage inhibition of mean paw edema for resveratrol treated group was 51.1±0.1, naproxen treated group was 48.2±0.5, combination of naproxen and resveratrol treated group was 53.1±0.2.
Pharmacodynamic data:
| TREATMENT | ||||
| Time (h) | Control | RSV | NAP | RSV+NAP |
| 0 | 31.2±0.4 | 34.3±0.1 | 35.1±0.4 | 36.2±0.5 |
| 1 | 42.3±0.1 | 51.1±0.1 | 48.2±0.5 | 53.1±0.2 |
| 2 | 60.6±0.1 | 63.2±0.4 | 59.1±0.3 | 64.3±0.9 |
| 3 | 58.2±0.3 | 54.1±0.2 | 55.1±0.1 | 59.3±0.1 |
| 4 | 55.3±0.4 | 52.1±0.3 | 48.5±0.3 | 43.2±0.2 |
Table 3:% Inhibition of Mean Paw edema
Herbal medicines have been widely used as a complementary or alternative treatment for a variety of diseases, rehabilitation and health care. Herbal medicines contain more than one pharmacologically active ingredient and are commonly used with many prescribed drugs.
From the literature it is evident that, RSV was proposed to block the transcription of various CYPs through antagonism of the nuclear aryl hydrocarbonreceptor (AHR).On the other hand, inhibition of CYP activity by RSV could lead to safety problems by altering the pharmacokinetics of co-administered drugs
Thus, the present study evaluated the effect of RSV treatment on the pharmacokinetics of naproxen in rats by using naproxen as a CYP1A2 substrate.
On account of its good tolerance when administerd, naproxen represents a promising CYP1A2 probe substrate to assess the CYP1A2 enzyme activity. Alterations in the catalytic activity of CYP1A2 enzyme can change the pharmacokinetics of naproxen. Hence, naproxen is used as a probe drug for assessing the CYP1A2enzyme activity in the study.
Our results suggest that oral administration of RSV significantly altered the pharmacokinetics and enhanced the bioavailability of naproxen through the inhibition of CYP1A2 enzyme in rats. In this study, we found that treatment with RSV resulted in significant increase in mean Cmax, AUC, T1/2 and a significant decrease in mean CL/F, Vd/F of naproxen as compared to control. Although mean Tmax values of naproxen were increased after RSV treatment phase but they were statistically insignificant. The increasing Cmax and AUC values indicate that enhanced exposure of naproxen after RSV treatment. On the other hand, the decreasing CL/F and increasing T1/2 values indicate the inhibition of elimination of Naproxen upon RSV treatment.
Based on these findings, reservetrol acts as an inhibitor of CYP1A2 mediated metabolism of naproxen in rats. Consequently, the bioavailability of naproxen was increased via the inhibition of CYP1A2enzyme activity.
Therefore, combination of naproxen along with RSV may represent a novel approach to reduce the dosage and results in reduced gastrointestinal side effects of naproxen.
The mean percent paw volume in control and drug treated animals was compared. These findings suggest that the inhibition of sustained phase of paw edema following subplantar injection of carrageenan in naproxen and reservetrol treated animals is enhanced compared to only naproxen treated group.
These changes in the pharmcokinetics and pharmacodynamics of naproxen when co-administered with resveratrol may be due to the inhibition of CYP1A2 enzyme by resveratrol.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
