AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Research Article
*Corresponding Author: Alka Ahuja, College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
Citation: Harith Salam Mohammed, Ahmad Makame Mwadini, Nida’a Mohammed Ali Wadi and Alka Ahuja. Formulation and Evaluation of Ophthalmic Antibacterial Gels and Comparison of Different Polymers Using Factorial Design. J Clinical Research and Reports, 3(3); DOI:10.31579/2690-1919/055
Copyright: © 2020 Alka Ahuja. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 19 February 2020 | Accepted: 03 March 2020 | Published: 09 March 2020
Keywords: ophthalmic antibacterial gels; polymers; HPMC, HPC, HEC; HP-P-CD
Different formulations for the treatment of eye infections are usually administered in the form of conventional ocular drug delivery systems which are topical eye drops or ointments. Typically ophthalmic bio-availabilities of only 1–10% are achieved due to the short precorneal residence time of ophthalmic solutions. The preparation and evaluation of gel containing antibiotic azithromycin combined with different polymers like Carbopol, sodium alginate and Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) was done and assessed to find out which polymer could best be used in preparing ophthalmic gels for this antibiotic using factorial design. Since the efficacy of these gels is dependent on factors like viscosity and pH, the polymers in these gels were also examined for different parameters such as pH, in vitro release, permeation and microbiological evaluation.
Several ophthalmic problems have been investigated including bacterial conjunctivitis, blepharitis and keratitis, and topical antibiotics have been used in the treatment of these problems. Different formulations for treatment of eye infections are usually administered in the form of conventional ocular drug delivery systems which are topical eye drops or ointments [1]. Eye drops and suspensions are often used for topical administration of ophthalmic active drug to tissue around ocular cavity.
The limitation of the conventional liquid ophthalmic formulations is that they demonstrate low bioavailability because of constant lacrimal drainage in the eye. The normal drainage of an instilled drug dose commences immediately upon instillation and is essentially completed within 5 min. Typically ophthalmic bio-availabilities of only 1–10% are achieved due to the short precorneal residence time of ophthalmic solutions [2].
Consequently, there is a need for frequent instillation of concentrated solutions to achieve the desired therapeutic effect, which may lead to some undesirable side effects. Many techniques are applied to prolong the drug stay at site of action and attain optimal concentration. The use of gels for ocular administration of drug offers many advantages compared to conventional ocular drug delivery systems like eye drops which leads to prolonged corneal contact time [3].
Jain SP et al. (2008) prepared and evaluated ophthalmic delivery system for ciprofloxacin hydrochloride based on the concept of pH-triggered in situ gelation. The in situ gelling system involved the use of Polyacrylic acid (Carbopol 980) as a phase transition polymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as a release retardant, and ion exchange resin as a complexing agent. The developed formulation was stable and in vitro drug release was found to be around 98% over a period of 24 hours [4].
Ma WD et al. investigated the in vitro drug release of Pluronic acid copolymer gels, as well as the in vivo resident properties of in situ gel ophthalmic formulations. These in vivo experimental results demonstrated that in situ gels containing Pluronic acid copolymer may significantly prolong the drug residence time and thus improve bioavailability [5].
Al-Kassas RS et al. also performed a study to design controlled release ophthalmic delivery systems for ciprofloxacin based on polymeric carriers in an attempt to prolong the effect of ciprofloxacin and improve its ocular bioavailability. Carbopol and alginates polymers were used to confer gelation properties to the formulations. Controlled release formulated gels consisting of carbopol and cellulose derivatives showed an increase in viscosity, gelling capacity and adhesiveness as the concentration of each polymeric component was increased [6].
Vyas SP et al. described ophthalmic delivery system of an antiglaucoma drug, timolol maleate (TM) based on the use of polymers. The results clearly demonstrated that developed carbopol-chitosan based formulation was therapeutically efficacious and showed a diffusion controlled release behaviour over 24 h periods [7].
Padma Preetha J et al. formulated and evaluated in-situ gels of Diclofenac sodium. These formulations were prepared by combination of HPMC, HPC, HEC and Carbopol derivatives. They performed the studies such as drug content, pH of the Ophthalmic gels, in-vitro diffusion study, sterility testing, anti-microbial studies, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal studies. The percentage cumulative drug release of the best formulation was 87.23% compared to other formulations for the period of 8 hours. The selected formulations showed the antimicrobial, antibacterial and antifungal efficacy [8].
Kesavan K et al. studied HP-p-CD based mucoadhesive hydrogel for ophthalmic delivery of Dexamethasone (DXN) to treat uveitis and improve ocular retention and sustained action. The developed HP-P-CD-based mucoadhesive system was alternative to conventional eye drops of DXN due to its ability to enhance bioavailability through its longer precorneal residence time and ability to sustain the release of the drug [9].
Wu H et al. investigated the correlation between the stability of baicalin and drug release. Carbopol 974P (0.3%, w/v) was used as the gelling agent combined with Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E4M (0.6%, w/v) which acted as a viscosity enhancing agent. The results demonstrated that ophthalmic gels have better ability to keep baicalin stable and retain drug release than marketed baicalin eye drops. Gels had enhanced the ocular bioavailability [10].
Piyush B. Patel designed a study to optimize and characterize an ophthalmic gel of an antibacterial agent, ofloxacin using Carbopol as the gelling agent along with Polycarbophil as viscosity enhancer. A 32 factorial design was applied for the optimization of the final formulation. The optimized formulation was found to be stable, therapeutically efficacious and provided sustained release of the drug over a 8 h period [11].
Lokhande Umesh Ramachandra et al. designed and developed a pH-triggered in-situ gelling system of Ciprofloxacin using Carbopol and HPMC. The poor bioavailability and therapeutic response exhibited by conventional ophthalmic solutions due to rapid pre-corneal elimination of the drug was overcome by the use of in-situ gel forming systems that are instilled as drops into eye and undergo sol-gel transition in the cul-de-sac. The in-vitro release studies showed the release as 97.33% for the period of 8 hours [12].
Nisha Shetty G et al. formulated Naphazoline and antazoline in-situ gelling systems for ocular delivery and carried out stability studies. The polymers used for preparation of in situ gel were Carbopol 940 and HPMC K4M. The formulations were evaluated by using their pH, Isotonicity, gelling capacity, rheological characteristics, in-vitro release, sterility and in-vivo studies. Their formulations were proved to be very stable at room temperature and at higher temperature (40ºC) with satisfactory drug release [13].
Nnamani PO designed the study for the formulation of ocular gels based on polymer Carbopol to evaluate suitability for enhanced topical delivery of aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin. The formulated gels were evaluated in terms of drug content, pH, physical assessment, viscosity, stability as well as drug release. The study demonstrated that gels of gentamicin made with polymer may offer a promising approach for topical delivery of gentamicin for the treatment of infections caused by gentamicin-susceptible bacteria [14].
Prachi Saxena et al. (2014) developed the pH sensitive hydrogels of Levofloxacin hemihydrates for ophthalmic drug delivery using Carbopol 940 and HPMC. Levofloxacin is widely used for the treatment of acute conjunctivitis. The drug suffers the drawbacks of poor bioavailability due to its pH dependent solubility. Evaluation parameters were clarity, drug content, gelling capacity, viscosity studies and in vitro release studies. In-vitro release revealed that best formulation showed the release of 84.31% [15].
Prolongation of residence time due to these ophthalmic gels helps to deliver a drug continuously in a controlled manner to the anterior chamber of the eye and eliminates frequent administration of the drug, thus leading to better patient compliance and extended action. This results in a dose reduction and helps to minimize local and systemic side effects. The preparation and evaluation of gel containing antibiotic azithromycin combined with different polymers like Carbopol, sodium alginate and Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) was done and assessed to find which polymer could best be used in preparing ophthalmic gels for this antibiotic using factorial design. Since the efficacy of these gels is dependant on factors like viscosity and pH, the polymers in these gels were also examined for different parameters such as pH, in vitro release, permeation and microbiological evaluation.
In the present study ophthalmic gels were prepared for Azithromycin using various polymers and evaluated. Azithromycin, 1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one, 13-[(2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O -methyl-α-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-3,5,6,8,0,12,14-heptamethyl-11-[3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-β-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl)oxy], dihydrate, an azalide is , a subclass of macrolide antibiotics. The macrocyclical lactone expansion and the presence of nitrogen atom in the lactone ring are responsible for the best pharmacological and microbiological characteristics. Azithromycin has similar antimicrobial spectrum as erythromycin, but is more effective against certain gram-negative bacteria, particularly Haemophilus influenzae.
Azithromycin prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis. Azithromycin binds to the 50 S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, and thus inhibits translation of mRNA but nucleic acid synthesis is not affected. It can be used to treat ophthalmic bacterial infections like bacterial conjunctivitis.
2.1 Aim
The aim of the study was to formulate and evaluate the ophthalmic gels of azithromycin using different polymers and find out which polymer is best suited in preparing ophthalmic gels for the antibiotic gel.
2.2 Objectives
The objectives of the present study were:
To prepare ocular gels using different polymers like Carbopol 940 and Hydroxypropyl Cellulose (HPC)
To evaluate the prepared formulations for parameters like pH, in vitro release, antimicrobial activity and drug permeation.
3.1 Materials
3.1.1 Chemicals
Carbopol 940P was gifted by Hangzhou Lingeba technology Co. Ltd. Hydroxypropyl Cellulose (HPC) and Azithromycin were gifted by National Pharmaceutical Industries (NPI) Oman. All other chemicals including sodium chloride, hydrated calcium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide were taken from College of Pharmacy Laboratory.
3.1.2 Equipments
Beakers, measuring cylinders, conical flasks, reagent bottles, glass rods, watch glasses
3.1.3 Apparatuses
Dissolution apparatus (veego), UV-spectrophotometer (6705 UV/Vis. Spectrophotometer by Jenway), pH meter (Martini by Milwaukee Instrument Company) and Franz apparatus (fabricated).
3.2 Methods
3.2.1 Factorial design
Optimization was done using 32 full factorial design in which two factors were evaluated and experimental trials were performed on all 9 possible combinations. In this design there were two independent variables and 3 levels which were low, medium, and high of each variable applied.
The advantages of a factorial design include greater precision. Using a factorial design allows examination of the effect of one variable when other factors are changed, something which is not possible using traditional methods of investigation.
3.2.2 Preparation of ophthalmic gels
3.2.2.1 Composition of Carbopol (940) gel
Formulations were prepared using a 32 factorial design (Table 1). The weighed amount of Carbopol was added in the beaker with a little amount of water and then stirred using glass rod to dissolve the added Carbopol. Hydroxypropyl Cellulose (HPC) was then added to previous formulation and water was added and stirred. Azithromycin was finally added with remaining amount of water to make volume up to 50ml. To provide alkaline medium for the swelling of Carbopol to form gel, 0.5N NaOH was added drops-wise until gel was formed.
3.2.3 Evaluation of gels
3.2.3.1 Physical Appearance
The formulated gels were observed for clarity, homogeneity and presence of bubbles in them.
3.2.3.2 pH evaluation
1ml of gel was added in beaker and 10ml of water was added and stirred completely. pH was measured by digital pH meter in triplicate to get mean and standard deviation.
3.2.3.3 In vitro release
The drug release from different Azithromycin containing polymer gels was studied using dissolution testing apparatus type 1. 1ml of the gel was filled inside cellulose bag using 2.5 ml syringe and kept inside the basket of the dissolution apparatus. The container was immersed in 700 ml freshly prepared simulated tear fluid (NaCl 6.7g, NaHCO3 2g, CaCl2 0.08g and distilled water up to 1000ml) with adjusted pH at 6.85, which was used as dissolution medium. Temperature of 37±0.50 °C and rotations of 100 rpm were maintained throughout the test. Aliquots of 5ml were withdrawn from release medium at each sampling time and replaced with an equal volume of the prepared buffer. The drug content in the samples was determined at 240nm using UV-Visible spectrophotometer.
3.2.3.4 Preparation of standard curve for the release study
The stock solution of 20µg/ml was prepared using the drug and methanol. 2mg of azithromycin was weighed and dissolved in methanol and made up to 100ml using volumetric flask. The solution was stirred well using magnetic stirrer to get uniform solution. Then six dilutions of concentrations 2,4,8,10,16 and 20µg/ml were made from stock solution and made up to 10 ml. These dilutions were finally used for the plotting of standard curve. Calibration of UV-spectrophotometer was done by the use of blank of buffer and methanol.
3.2.3.5 Drug permeation
A modified device (modified Franz diffusion cell using epithelial tissues facial part of the sheep was taken from the slaughter house in Muscat and washed with 0.9% normal saline and used as a diffusion membrane) was used for evaluation of drug permeation. The membrane was tied to a specifically designed glass cylinder (open at both ends). 13 ml Simulated tear fluid pH 6.8 (NaCl 8g, Na2HPO4 2.38g, K2HPO4 0.19g and 1000ml distilled water and the pH adjusted using H3PO4) was used as the diffusion medium in the receptor chamber. 1ml of the formulation which was to be tested was added to the donor chamber with the help of a syringe. The donor surface of the membrane was constantly in contact with simulated tear fluid. Temperature of 37 ± 0.5 °C was maintained throughout the test. A magnetic stirrer provided continuous agitation. 1 mL of sample was withdrawn every 1 hour up to 6 hours and replaced with same volume of fresh simulated tear fluid to maintain constant volume. The withdrawn samples were diluted to 10mL in a test-tube with the prepared buffer and analysed by UV spectrophotometer at 240nm.
3.2.3.6 Preparation of standard curve for the permeation study
The stock solution of 20µg/ml was prepared using the drug and methanol. 2mg of azithromycin was weighed and dissolved in methanol and made up to 100ml in a volumetric flask. The solution was stirred well using magnetic stir to get uniform solution. Then concentrations; 2,4,8,10,16 and 20µg/ml were made from stock solution. These dilutions were finally used for plotting of the standard curve. Calibration of UV-spectrophotometer was done by the use of blank (buffer and methanol).
3.2.3.7 Antimicrobial activity
Among prepared formulations, the gel which showed immediate release from the in-vitro drug release study was taken as the optimized gel for microbiological study to determine the antibacterial properties of Azithromycin against gram positive bacteria namely Staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus, Escherichia coli, and gram negative bacteria Klebsiella and Proteus using cup-plate method. Fresh cultures of different strains of bacteria were prepared and bacteria were sub-cultured in the media at room temperature. Then with the help of sterile cork borer, cups of around 4mm diameter were made on media and the developed formulation (1ml) was poured into the cups made and incubated for 24 hours at 37ºC. The zone of inhibition was measured after incubation.
4.1 Physical Appearance
The gels formulated were clear, viscous enough and homogenous with few bubbles present in them.
4.2 pH readings
The pH of the formulated gels was satisfactory and in acceptable ranges for the ophthalmic drug delivery systems as shown by (Table 2)
Key: SD=Standard Deviation
In vitro drug release
4.2.1 Standard curve from release study
The curve was obtained by using different concentrations made from the stock solution of 20 µg/ml. The absorbance was measured and results are shown in (figure 1).
4.2.2 Release Characteristics
The nine gel formulations of azithromycin were subjected to in vitro release studies for 6 hours and samples were taken over one hour interval. These in-vitro release studies were carried out using simulated tear fluid (STF) of pH 6.8 as the dissolution medium using basket type dissolution apparatus. The cumulative percentages of drug released from each formulation are shown in (Table 3).
Key: % DR indicates percentage of cumulative drug release
The drug release from formulated gels followed a linear pattern where the amount increased as the time increased from 1 to 6 hours. The drug was released more from the formulation containing 0.25 (% w/w) of Carbopol 940. The release was 95, 98 and 90 from the Gel 2, Gel 1 and Gel 3 respectively. From these three gels nearly the entire drug was released after 6 hours. The same was demonstrated by Syed et al. (16). The drug release by the gels containing 0.375(%w/w) of Carbopol 940 were 76, 79 and 78 for the Gel 6, Gel 4 and Gel 5 respectively. The gels containing 0.5(%w/w) of Carbopol 940 showed a percentage of release of 72, 67 and 77 for the Gel 8, Gel 9 and Gel 7 respectively.
Hence the percentage of drug release from the formulated gels followed the pattern, 0.25(%w/w) ˃ 0.375(%w/w) ˃ 0.5(%w/w) for the Carbopol concentrations. Gel 1 showed highest drug release whereas gel 9 showed delay in release of drug after 6 hours.
The higher amount of drug release was attributed to low concentration of the polymer which gave the drug chance to be easily released from the gel formulations. These results indicate that structure of the gel functioned as a resistant barrier to drug release as the concentration of polymers increased.
4.2.3 Factorial design of percent release
Gel dissolution provides an indication of the release from the gel formulation. A decrease in release of the drug from gel formulation was seen as the concentration of the polymers increased (Figure 2). This may be due to formation of new bond between the Azithromycin and Carbopol 940 polymer which explained the reduction in release. The coefficient of correlation was good. The use of mucoadhesive polymers such as HPC and Carbopol 940 directly affect the gel release. Carbopol played a role in drug release while HPC was not having an effect in drug release which was proved by the study.
4.3 Standard curve for permeation study
The curve (Figure 3) was obtained by preparing six concentrations made from the stock solution of 20µg/ml and absorbance from UV spectrophotometer was measured at 240nm.
4.3.1 Diffusion study
Using UV-Spectrophotometer, samples from permeation were analysed and absorbance data was used to calculate concentration and amount of drug permeated across diffusion membrane. The results are shown in (Table 4).
Key :
The purpose of present research work was to develop the ocular pharmaceutical formulations which can overcome the problem related to the conventional dosage form by formulating gels using different polymers. The prepared formulations were shown to give required release profile from in vitro release study as the drug release decreased as the concentration of polymers increased with respect to time. Diffusion study of optimized formulation indicated that most of drug in the gel permeated across the epithelial cell. Antimicrobial studies indicated the effectiveness of the formulation to different strains of bacteria.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
