AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Review Article
*Corresponding Author: Bon E.I, Candidate of biological science, Assistant professor of pathophysiology department named D. A. Maslakov, Grodno State Medical University; Grodno State Medical University, 80 Gorky.
Citation: Maksimovich N.E, Bon E.I, Vishnevskaya E.I, Bon E.I. (2024), Features of Histological Changes in Neurons of the Parietal Cortex and Hippocampus in Rats with Cerebral Ischemia and Introduction, J, Surgical Case Reports and Images 7(1); DOI:10.31579/2690-1897/174
Copyright: © 2024, Bon E.I. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 05 January 2024 | Accepted: 15 January 2024 | Published: 29 January 2024
Keywords: histological changes; neurons; parietal cortex; hippocampus; cerebral ischemia; omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Acute cerebrovascular accidents are one of the most pressing problems in modern medicine. The incidence of strokes varies in different regions of the world from 1 to 4 cases per 1000 population per year, increasing significantly with age. Cerebrovascular diseases of ischemic origin tend to grow, rejuvenate, and are associated with a severe clinical course, high rates of disability and mortality. Modeling ischemic damage leads to pronounced morphological changes in neurons of the parietal cortex and hippocampus of the brain - a decrease in their size, deformation of perikarya, an increase in the degree of chromatophily of neurons with simultaneous shrinkage and subsequent death, as well as the development of pericellular edema. These disorders were most pronounced in the 3rd subgroup of SCI with the shortest interval between dressings, amounting to 1 day and TCI. Changes in the parietal cortex and hippocampus during CI were unidirectional, but in the parietal cortex, which is most sensitive to oxygen deficiency, they were more pronounced and appeared at an earlier time.
Acute cerebrovascular accidents are one of the most pressing problems in modern medicine. The incidence of strokes varies in different regions of the world from 1 to 4 cases per 1000 population per year, increasing significantly with age. Cerebrovascular diseases of ischemic origin tend to grow, rejuvenate, and are associated with a severe clinical course, high rates of disability and mortality [1-4].
The goal is to study the characteristics of histological changes in neurons of the parietal cortex and hippocampus in rats with cerebral ischemia and administration of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
The experiments were performed on 174 male outbred white rats weighing 260±20 g in compliance with the requirements of Directive of the European Parliament and Council No. 2010/63/EU of 22.09.2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.
The choice of experimental animals is due to the similarity of the angioarchitecture of the brain of rats and humans. Simulation of cerebral ischemia (CI) was carried out under conditions of intravenous thiopental anesthesia (40-50 mg/kg).
The studies used models of total (TCI), subtotal (SCI), partial (PCI) and stepwise subtotal (SSCI) cerebral ischemia. The table shows the experimental groups and the number of animals in them (Table 1).
Table 1 – Experimental groups
Note - omega-3 PUFAs - omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Total cerebral ischemia was modeled by decapitation of animals. Material was collected at the 1st, 5th, 15th, 30th and 60th minutes, as well as 5 hours and 24 hours after decapitation [6].
Subtotal cerebral ischemia was modeled by simultaneous ligation of both common carotid arteries (CCA). The material was collected 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 6 hours and 24 hours after surgery.
Partial cerebral ischemia was modeled by ligating one CCA on the right. The material was taken 1 hour and 1 day after surgery.
Stepped subtotal was carried out by sequential ligation of both CCAs with an interval of 7 days (subgroup 1), 3 days (subgroup 2) or 1 day (subgroup 3). The material was taken 1 hour and 1 day after ligation of the second CCA in each of the subgroups [1-4].
To study the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA), animals with IGM were intragastrically administered the drug "Omegamed" at a dose of 5 g/kg body weight for a week. The control group consisted of sham-operated rats of similar sex and weight.
For morphological research, after decapitation of the animal, the brain was quickly removed, and pieces of the anterior cerebral cortex were fixed in Carnoy's fluid. The localization of the parietal cortex and hippocampal cortex in histological preparations of the rat brain was determined using a stereotaxic atlas.
Serial paraffin sections were stained with 0.1% toluidine blue using the Nissl method and for the detection of ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) according to Einarson [4].
The study of histological preparations, their microphotography, morphometry and densitometry of the chromogen sediment was carried out using an Axioscop 2 plus microscope (Zeiss, Germany), a digital video camera (LeicaDFC 320, Germany) and the ImageWarp image analysis program (Bitflow, USA).
In each animal, at least 30 neurons of the fifth layer of the parietal cortex and the pyramidal layer of the CA1 field of the hippocampus were assessed.
In histological studies, the size and shape of perikarya of neurons in the parietal cortex and hippocampus of the rat brain were determined, and changes in cytoplasmic chromatophily were studied [4].
The study of changes in the size and shape of neuronal perikarya was carried out by assessing their area, form factor (4πS/P2 - an indicator of sphericity and folding), elongation factor - an indicator of sphericity (Dmax/Dmin) using the ImageWarp image analysis program (Bitflow, USA).
Among the total number of neurons, cells were distinguished according to the intensity of cytoplasmic staining (chromatophilia): normochromic - moderately stained; hyperchromic – dark; hyperchromic wrinkled – very dark, with deformed perikarya; hypochromic – pale colored; shadow cells – unstained, with vacuolated nuclei; cells with pericellular edema - wrinkled neurons with signs of edema around the perikarya. The number of each cell type was counted [6,8,9,11,16].
To prevent systematic measurement error, brain samples from the compared control and experimental groups of animals were processed under the same conditions.
In this work, we studied the characteristics of histological changes in neurons of the parietal cortex and hippocampus and assessed the neurological deficit in rats with cerebral ischemia and administration of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
When modeling PCI, there were no pronounced morphological changes in the perikarya of neurons in the parietal cortex and hippocampus of the brain, which is explained by compensation of blood circulation in the circle of Willis. However, motor tests indicated the development of a minor neurological deficit.
In the dynamics of subtotal cerebral ischemia, a decrease in the size of the perikarya of neurons was observed, and their elongation worsened. The area of neurons and the elongation of their bodies indicate the state of the cytoskeleton and changes in the water-electrolyte balance, which can be disturbed during cerebral ischemia due to the resulting energy deficiency. The degree of cytoplasmic chromatophily can be determined by the state of the cell’s water balance, as well as the activity of synthetic processes.
The number of normochromic and hyperchromic neurons decreased; by the 2-3rd hour of ischemia, the proportion of hyperchromic wrinkled neurons increased, some of which by the 6th hour were transformed into cells with pericellular edema.
Stepwise subtotal, modeled by ligation of the CCA with an interval of 1 and 3 days, led to irreversible damage to neurons in the parietal cortex and hippocampus of rats, which manifested itself in a decrease in their size, deformation of the perikarya, and an increase in the number of wrinkled neurons and shadow cells. These disorders were most pronounced in the 3rd subgroup (the interval between dressings of the CCA was 1 day). When both CCAs were ligated with an interval of 7 days (1st subgroup), the changes were less pronounced, especially in the hippocampus: the size of the perikarya of neurons and the ratio of neurons in terms of the degree of cytoplasmic chromatophily differed slightly from the indicators in the PCI group and in the control group. In the 1st subgroup, neurological deficit was also expressed to a lesser extent than in the 2nd and 3rd subgroups.
Increasing the interval between dressings promotes the adaptation of neurons to a lack of oxygen, which reduces the degree of development of neurological deficits.
The most pronounced morphological changes were observed during total cerebral ischemia, with a maximum increase in the number of hyperchromic neurons already by the 15th minute and their subsequent progressive decrease due to transformation into hyperchromic wrinkled neurons, the maximum of which was noted at the 30-60th minute of TCI. After 5 hours and 24 hours of the ischemic period, cells with pericellular edema predominated in the population of neurons (p<0>
The smallest morphological changes in the neurons of the cortex of both studied sections were noted in the “PCI” groups and in the 1st subgroup “SSCI” with an interval between ligations of the CCA of 7 days.
It is obvious that with these methods of modeling CI, adaptation processes occur that prevent the development of pronounced morphological changes and allow neurons to adapt to conditions of moderate hypoxia.
Rats with experimental CI had less muscle strength, showed less motor activity, and had behavioral disorders. In animals with SCI and in the 3rd subgroup “SSCI”, more pronounced disorders were observed compared to the 1st subgroup “SSCI” and the “PCI” group. The morphological basis of the identified changes in CI is damage to brain neurons as a result of destabilization of nervous processes (the ratio of excitation and inhibition reactions), which affects the performance of brain functions.
In accordance with the literature, 7 days after hypoxia caused by ligation of the CCA, due to the development of compensatory mechanisms, there is a tendency to improve microcirculation: the patency of capillaries is restored, their number and diameter increase, which leads to an improvement in cerebral blood flow, which is one of the important effects of compensation. It is based on an increase in vascular density.
In neurons, the activity of the key enzyme of the respiratory chain, NADPH-cytochrome C oxidoreductase, increases. Its affinity for NADPH decreases, which increases the resistance of mitochondria to oxygen. With a decrease in the intensity of oxidative processes, a more efficient functioning of the respiratory chain was noted - a “paradoxical effect” of adaptation to hypoxia. There is an inverse relationship between the phylogenetic age of the cerebral cortex and the severity of its adaptive variability, which explains the better state of hippocampal neurons in CI compared with the parietal cortex [3].
The administration of the drug ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids has a corrective effect on the hippocampus under conditions of subtotal ischemia, reducing the number of shadow cells and hyperchromic wrinkled neurons, without affecting the size and shape of neurons in the parietal cortex of the brain and contributing to a less severe manifestation of neurological deficit [5,7]. The beneficial effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the condition of hippocampal neurons in conditions of subtotal cerebral ischemia may be due to an improvement in the rheological properties of blood due to a decrease in the production of thromboxane A by platelets and an increase in the level of tissue plasminogen activator, as well as an improvement in the fluidity of the neuronal membrane and a decrease in blood viscosity [10,12]. Omega-3 PUFAs also have an anti-inflammatory effect due to their integration into the phospholipid layer of cell membranes of monocytes, leukocytes, and endothelial cells, which is accompanied by a decrease in the production of inflammatory mediators and a decrease in the adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelial wall. In addition, polyunsaturated fatty acids, influencing the synthesis of prostaglandins, regulate vascular tone and prevent vascular vasoconstriction under the influence of catecholamines, which causes a moderate hypotensive effect. Neurons of the hippocampus, a phylogenetically older part of the cerebral cortex, are less sensitive to hypoxia, which is the reason for the therapeutic effect of Omega-3 PUFAs in the form of a decrease in the number of hyperchromatic wrinkled neurons and neurological deficits [14,15].
Thus, modeling ischemic damage leads to pronounced morphological changes in neurons of the parietal cortex and hippocampus of the brain - a decrease in their size, deformation of perikarya, an increase in the degree of chromatophily of neurons with simultaneous shrinkage and subsequent death, as well as the development of pericellular edema. These disorders were most pronounced in the 3rd subgroup of SCI with the shortest interval between dressings, amounting to 1 day and TCI. Changes in the parietal cortex and hippocampus during CI were unidirectional, but in the parietal cortex, which is most sensitive to oxygen deficiency, they were more pronounced and appeared at an earlier time.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
