AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Research Article
*Corresponding Author: Vibha Bhardwaj, Director Environment Laboratories RAK Municipality, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
Citation: Vibha Bhardwaj (2022) Deodar Cedar (Cedrus Deodara): Efficacy for Potential of Secondary Metabolites and Antibacterial Activity J. Biomedical Research and Clinical Reviews, 6 (5); DOI: 10.31579/2692-9406/111
Copyright: © 2022 Vibha Bhardwaj, this is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 16 February 2022 | Accepted: 25 February 2022 | Published: 27 April 2022
Keywords: cedrus deodara; antibacterial; agar well diffusion assay; multidrug resistant; microorganisms
The setback of microbial resistance is growing and the use of antimicrobial drugs in the future is still uncertain. Infectious diseases are accountable for millions of global deaths annually. Therefore, necessary steps need to be taken to reduce this problem. In the present study, crude extracts of leaves, bark and resins of Cedrus deodara in methanol was investigated for secondary metabolites (flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, tannins, terpenoids) and antibacterial effect of Cedrus deodara was evaluated on multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), E. coli (ATCC 8739), Salmonella enterica (ATCC 14028), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) by agar well diffusion method. Ciprofloxacin was used as standard.
The methanolic extracts of leaves of C. deodara tested positive for glycosides, flavonoids, phenol, tannins and terpenoids. The Bark was tested positive for glycosides, flavonoids, phenol, tannins but resins was tested positive for terpenoids. Leaves of C. deodara showed zone of inhibition with all the five strains of microorganisms, which were used. C. deodara resin methanolic extract showed maximum zone of inhibition with Bacillus subtilis which are 25 ± 0.1 mm and bark showed maximum zone of inhibition with Staphylococcus aureus 21 ± 0.6 mm. The potency shown by these extracts recommends their use against multidrug resistant microorganisms. Time-kill curve showed a fast and sharp antimicrobial activity. Based on the research experiments, it was identified, that the methanol extract of Cedrus deodara exhibited quite high antimicrobial activity as well as secondary metabolites and this quality together with lots of other values must be considered in green landscape planning of contemporary urban environment and for the other purposes too.
Exploration in herbal medicine has increased in developing countries as a way to rescue ancient traditions as well as a substitute solution to the health problems in cities. Therefore, with the increasing acceptance of traditional medicine as an alternative form of health care, the screening of medicinal plants for active compounds has become very important. Medicinal herbs are known to fabricate certain bioactive molecules which react with other organisms in the environment, inhibiting bacterial or fungal growth. Medicinal herbs have always received a high priority among the wild plant resources, for their exploitation, management and conservation. As for plant diversity, medicinal plants have been considered to have the highest relative value in societies (Hamilton 2004). Herbal medicine coming into vogue world-wide due to a growing admiration of natural products being cheaper and safer, has elevated the degree of commination (Pareek 1996). Higher plants have been shown to be an inherent source for new antimicrobial agents. The utilization of plant extracts and phytochemicals, both with known antimicrobial properties, can be of great significance in therapeutic treatments. The flora used, as drugs are fairly innocuous and relatively free from toxic effects or were Natural products perform various functions and many of them have interesting and useful biological activities (Geo et al 1998 and B. Mahesh et al 2008). There are more than 35,000 plants species have been used in various human cultures around the world for medicinal purpose. Biologically active compounds present in herbal plants have always been of great interest to scientists working in this field (H S Muhammad et al 2005, Singh et al 2005 and Prakash J et al 2005). Indispensable oils from spices and herbs are the most promising natural antimicrobials, because they do not cause microbial resistance due to the diversity of mechanisms of action. They are generally regarded as safe for human consumption without limitations on intake and commonly accepted by consumers (Dobre et al., 2011). The side effects and high cost of treatment and non-availability of medicines to the poor populations, who live in remote areas, are also the reasons for the demand for herbal medicine (Tamilarasi & Ananthi, 2012).
Botany and Uses
The present study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial activity, phytochemical properties of important medicinal plant such as Cedrus deodara (Fam. Pinaceae). The best drought and moisture-tolerant tree-plant bearing -25˚C frost and any type of undesirable conditions is the Himalayan Cedar (Cedrus deodara). Cedars are very popular ornamental trees used mostly used in horticulture. True cedar trees are indigeneous to the northern and western mountains of the Middle East countries. Himalayan Cedar, Cedrus deodara, is a coniferous plant. It is growing naturally in East Asia, North-western part of Himalayas, mountains of Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal. The Himalayan cedar (Figure 1) has exceptionally reddish brown strong, firm and at the same time soft and aromatic bark. Beautiful needles are clustered as Because of valuable bark and extremely valuable “Cedar oil”, it has been widely used in various ways for many centuries since BC till today, in naturally spreading areas. In India, it is considered to be “a divine tree”. Its name is derived from “Deodara”, a Sanskrit word – “Devaradu” meaning “the forest of the Gods”.
All parts of the Cedrus deodara are useful in Ayurveda for the treatment of insomnia, psychological disorders and dermatological issues and blood. Many tribes considered it as a cure for all ailments. However, there is not enough scientific data to support the claims made in the ancient literature. The literature survey reveals that some work has already been done on the plants; however, most of the activities are still without scientific backing. The present work was an attempt to evaluate the antibacterial and phytochemical activities of the methanolic extracts of Cedrus deodara to generate scientifically justified data to support the traditional use.
In our previous study we investigated about the nutraceutical, antimicrobial properties of ghaf (AlGhais et al 2020 a, b, c and Bhardwaj V, 2021d, e). Also, we investigated that ghaf and mangrove has potential of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties (Bhardwaj V, 2021a, b, c). Therefore, to continue our further research, we explored natural sources for new antimicrobial agent and also to meet the increasing demand of antimicrobial agent, alternative strategies, this study have been considered recently. Therefore, Hence, the objectives of the study were to seek the antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract of Cedrus deodara and also secondary metabolites. This probe was carried out as an awareness of medicinal value of Cedrus deodara.
Plant Material Collection
Three different parts of Deodar cedar tree were collected in plastic bags from Chail in Himachal Pradesh, India in month of November 2021, at the altitude 2250 m above sea level. Leaves, bark and resin parts of C. deodara were washed with water, dried at 45 °C for 6 h, and then were crushed into powders with a mixer (Bhardwaj. V 2021b).
Preparation of the Extracts
The powdered samples 5 g was extracted with 25.0 ml of methanol followed by continuous hot extraction method. Stirred well and kept for incubation in closed container. Centrifuged the tubes at 4000 rpm for 30 min. Transferred the supernatant extract for drying for 10 min and finally got residue of leaves sample. Weighed accurately 0.1 gm of residue in test tube and added 1.0 mL of methanol [10 % (w/v) solution]. The final concentration of extracts used for further experiment. All the extracts were then stored at 4°C in refrigerator for further analysis as crude methanolic extracts (AlGhais et al 2020b; Bhardwaj. V 2021d).
Chemicals
The chemicals used in the present investigation were of analytical grade and of high purity from Merck. Standard kits and reagents used for analysis were purchased from Germany and USA.
Test Organisms
In the present study, the bacterial strains used were Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), E. coli (ATCC 8739), Salmonella enterica (ATCC 14028), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) to determine the antibacterial activity of Scypha. The bacterial strains were procured from LTA srl Italia. Pure culture of bacteria was maintained at 4 °C on nutrient agar slants.
Methodology for Detection of Antibacterial Activity
Inoculums Preparation
The bacterial isolates were first grown in 5 ml of nutrient broth in to sterile test tubes for 18 h before use.
Agar Well Diffusion Assay
The antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts of C. deodara (leaves, bark and resin) was tested against isolates by agar-well diffusion method. An aliquot of 100 μl inoculum for each bacterial isolate was evenly spread by a sterile glass spreader onto Muller Hinton Agar using sterilized cotton swab and was allowed at room temperature. A Cork borer of 6 mm diameter was used to punch well in agar plates to cut uniform wells. Wells were bored in agar plates. The concentration of the extracts was 10% (w/v), prepared using methanol as solvent. Subsequently, 30 μl of extracts (leaves, bark and resin) were poured into the wells. Ciprofloxacin 30 μg was used as positive control. Then the plates were kept at 2-8 °C in a refrigerator to allow diffusion of the extracts in to the agar and further incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. The diameter of zone of inhibition was measured to the nearest millimeter (Sohel 2010; Uddin et al 2007). The formation of clear inhibition zone of ≥7 mm diameters around the wells was regarded as significant susceptibility of the organisms to the extract (Okwori 2007). The effect was compared to those of antibiotic discs. The tests were performed in triplicates and the mean was taken. The whole experiments were performed under strict aseptic conditions.
Phytochemical analysis
Test for Flavonoids (Ammonia test)
1 ml of the extract was taken in the test tube and ammonia solution was added (1:5) followed by the addition of conc. sulphuric acid. Appearance of yellow color and its disappearance on standing indicates the positive test for flavonoids.
Test For Glycosides (Keller Kilian Test)
5 ml of each extract was added with 2 ml of glacial acetic acid which was followed by the addition of few drops of ferric chloride solution and 1 ml of conc. sulphuric acid. Formation of brown ring at interface confirms the presence of glycosides.
Test For Phenols (Ferric Chloride Test)
0.5 ml of the extract was added with few drops of neutral ferric chloride (0.5%) solution. Formation of dark green color indicates the presence of the phenolic compounds.
Test For Saponins (Froth Test)
1 ml of the extract was taken in a test tube and distilled water (2 ml) was added to it. The test tube was then kept in boiling water bath for boiling and was shaken vigorously. Existence of froth formation during warming confirms the presence of saponins.
Test For Tannins (Ferric Chloride Test)
1 ml of the extract was added with 5 ml of distilled water and kept for boiling in hot water bath. After boiling, sample was cooled down and to this 0.1
The objective of this research was to seek the antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract of Cedrus.deodara and also secondary metabolites. This probe was carried out as an awareness of medicinal value of Cedrus deodara, for their activity against selected bacterial pathogens. Three different extracts of different parts of Cedrus deodar (leaves, bark, and resin) were treated using methanolic extraction. Methanolic extracts were found to be more potent against human pathogens. Similar results were reported by Derwich et al. (2010) who reported that the essential leaves of Cedrus altantica were active against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus sphericus and Staphylococcus intermedius. In the present study phytochemical analysis of the Deodar cedar extracts was done to explore their composition. The results revealed the presence of terpenoids, flavenoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins and tannins. These results are similar with the results obtained by Devmurari, (2010) who reported that the phytochemical studies of Cedrus deodara revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides flavonoids, triterpenoid, tannins, proteins and fixed oil. In particular, the terpenoids substances are the secondary metabolites that characterize C. libani derived products (Kizil et al., 2002; Yilmaz et al., 2005; Loizzo et al., 2008).
Antibacterial Activity of Deodar Cedar Extract against Human Pathogenic Bacteria
Table 1 summarizes the results of antibacterial activities of extracts of marine sponge, which was evaluated on multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), E. coli (ATCC 8739), Salmonella enterica (ATCC 14028), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) by agar well diffusion method. Leaves (Figure 2) of C. deodara showed zone of inhibition with all the five strains of microorganisms, which were used. C. deodara resin (Figure 3) methanolic extract showed maximum zone of inhibition with Bacillus subtilis which are 25 ± 0.1 mm and bark showed maximum zone of inhibition with Staphylococcus aureus 21 ± 0.6 mm. (Figure 4). All tested extracts of Cedar resin and bark showed no activity against E. coli, Salmonella.enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Table 1).
Phytochemical Screening of Deodar Cedar (Leaves, Bark, Resins)
Six phytochemicals were screened for this research work (tannins, phenolic, terpenoids, glycosides, saponins and flavonoids) as seen in Table 2, from the crude extracts obtained from marine species exhibiting bioactivity. Cedar leaves (Figure 5) methanol crude extract tested positive for the presence of Flavonoids, terpenoids, phenol, tannins and glycosides. Similarly, cedar bark (Figure 6) showed the presence of phytochemicals Flavonoids, phenol, tannins and glycosides. But, in case of Cedar resin (Figure 7) methanol crude extract did not test positive for the existence of any of the other mentioned phytochemicals, except terpenoids, which are tested positive (Table 2).
Time Kill Curve of Deodar Cedar (leaves, bark, resins)
The selected Deodar cedar extracts that showed highest bactericidal effect against the selected microorganisms were used, and time – kill curve was plotted. In case of Cedar leaves extract Time-kill curve was plotted against the selected pathogen (Staphylococcus. aureus) in comparison to a negative control (Graph 1). Similarly, Cedar Resin extracts time kill curve was plotted against the most potent pathogen Bacillus.subtilis in comparison to a negative control (Graph 2). Moreover, Cedar bark (Graph 3) extracts time kill curve was plotted against the selected pathogen Bacillus.subtilis. Negative control was without methanol extract.
This probe was carried out as an awareness of medicinal value of Cedrus deodara, for their activity against selected bacterial pathogens. The Deodar cedar extract particularly the methanolic extract, obtained from different parts of the tree (leaves, bark and resin), showed an antimicrobial effect against human pathogens which suggests that it could be considered as a safe antimicrobial agent. The broad spectrum antibacterial activity of Deodar Cedar seemed to be due to the presence of terpenes, glycosides detected in the bioactive fractions. These promissory extracts open the possibility of finding new clinically effective antibacterial compounds as well as secondary metabolites.
Abbreviations
SD, standard deviation; MDR, Multidrug resistant; ATCC, American Type Culture Collection; E, Extract; h, hours; C, ciprofloxacin; C. deodara, Cedrus deodara
Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate
Not applicable.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Availability of Data and Materials
The relevant data and materials are available in the present study.
Competing Interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests. All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards (institutional and national).
Funding
Not applicable.
Acknowledgements
Authors would like to thank all individuals who provided their efforts for this research especially Aaesha Ahmed Alzaabi and Imran for their assistance during research work.
Authors’ Contributions
VB performed all the experiments. VB analysed the data and wrote the manuscript.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
