AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Research Article
*Corresponding Author: Delwar Hossain, Consultant Physiotherapist, Protibondi Seba O Sahajyo Kendra, Noakhali.
Citation: D Hossain. (2022). Comparison of Nutritional Status of Adolescent Girls in Nutrition Intervention and Non- Intervention Area. Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Research. 5(3); DOI:10.31579/2768-0487/070
Copyright: © 2022 Delwar Hossain. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 27 December 2021 | Accepted: 07 January 2022 | Published: 14 January 2022
Keywords: nutritional status; adolescent girls; nutrition intervention area; non-intervention area
Background: Adolescence is growing period when requirements for all nutrients increase. Hence, it is essential to improve nutritional status through nutrition interventions. Addressing the nutritional needs of adolescents could be an important step towards breaking the vicious cycle of intergenerational malnutrition.
Objective: To assess and compare nutritional status of adolescent school girls in nutritional intervention and non-intervention area.
Methods: A cross-sectional analytic study was conducted at Laxmipur sadar upazila as nutrition intervention area & neighboring Chatkhil upazila as non–nutrition intervention area. A total of 367 adolescent girls of age 10-19 years were selected purposively of them 177 and 190 were selected from intervention and non-intervention area respectively. Anthropometric data of the study subjects were collected by using standard techniques. Body mass index (BMI) and anemia were classified according to WHO cut off levels. Food intake pattern was observed by using seven days food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).
Results: The mean age(±SD) years of adolescent girls was 14.29±0.97 (yrs) in intervention and 14.55±1.23 (yrs) in non-intervention area. .Among the adolescents, the proportion of under nutrition was significantly higher in the non-intervention area compare to intervention area (64% vs 47.5%, p<0.001). In the intervention area about 46% girls had normal BMI where as in the non-intervention area only 27% girls had normal BMI. The percentage of overweight was similar in both the areas. Anemia was significantly higher in non-intervention area (p<0.001). Highly significant association was found between father education and mother occupation with BMI (p=0.047) and (p=0.001) in intervention area. Strong significant association was found between education and occupation of mother with BMI (p=0.001) in non-intervention area.
Conclusion: This study concludes that nutritional status was better in nutrition intervention area than non-intervention area so community-based nutrition intervention is effective for better nutritional status of adolescent girls.
Adolescence is a significant period of human growth and maturation, unique changes occur during this period and many adult patterns are established [1]. World Health organization (WHO) considers adolescence to take place between the ages ten to nineteen [2].There are 28 million adolescents in Bangladesh, 13.7 million of them are girls [3]. In spite of impressive gain in the field of health and nutrition, significant proportions of young people in developing countries are under-nourished. The effect of earlier insult is visible in the adolescent age particularly in girls. Often health and nutritional status of adolescent girls are direct reflection of the cumulative effects of physical growth, the onset of menarche and increase in fat and muscle mass which place extra nutrition requirements on them [4]. Adolescent is the time helps to prepare for the nutritional demands of pregnancy, lactation, and heavy workloads that girls will soon experience, if they have not already. Adolescence is a time of accelerated growth in stature, after which final height is achieved. Prevailing malnutrition, anemia & stunting have adverse impact on MMR, IMR, and morbidity and have inter-generation effects. Poor nutritional status during adolescent is an important determinant of health outcomes at a later stage of life. The vicious cycle of malnutrition, if not broken, will goes on resulting in more and more severe consequences. Adolescence offers the last opportunity to intervene and recover growth faltered in childhood and also support growth spurt and skeletal development to break the vicious cycle of inter-generational under nutrition. So adolescent’s girls need special care in view of their role in shaping the health and wellbeing of the present as well as future generation. The effects of intervention during adolescence on the potential for growth in height, tend to achieve menarche at an earlier age than girls with poor nutritional status and aimed at increasing final stature will also cause an increase in weight, partially fat stores. It is very much true that the growth and prosperity of a nation depends heavily on the status and development of adolescent girls as they not only constitute one tenth of its population but also influence the growth of the remaining population. This type of study has not yet been done in this particular area previously however this study helps to find out the impact of the intervention either it was effectiveness for the improvement of the health and nutritional status of adolescent girl’s or not. This study also assists to come out the changes in adolescent nutrition in NNP area following interventions .It is necessary for planner to understand the different situation and will be helpful in the formation of effective development programme for the nutritional up-liftment of these groups.
A cross-sectional analytic study was conducted among adolescent girls in intervention & non- intervention area. This study was conducted at Laxmipur sadar upazila as nutrition intervention area & neighboring Chatkhil upazila as non–nutrition intervention area. This area was conveniently selected for data collection. The study period was of one year duration from March 2012 to March 2013. Study population was 367 adolescent girls age of 13 to 19 years of interview in selected intervention & non-intervention area. Purposive sampling technique was used during data collection. Sample were selected conveniently and included for the study according to the fulfillment of the inclusion criteria. Data were collected by face to face interview technique using a semi-structured questionnaire. Weight was recorded by weight measuring scale to the nearest 0.1kg and height was measured by standing height, using appropriate scales to the nearest 0.5cm. Hemoglobin measurement, blood was drawn by finger prick with lancer after sterilization of the site with 70.0% alcohol. The hemoglobin test was done by using Sahli haemometer. After collection, data were checked thoroughly for consistency and completeness. Data were checked after collection of data to exclude any error or inconsistency. Collected data were analyzed by using appropriate statistical technique. Statistical tests were considered significant at p-values =5% (0.05). Frequencies were calculated for descriptive analysis. Chi-squared tests were performed on categorical data to find the relationships between variables. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the predictors of nutritional status. All statistical analysis was performed with the software SPSS 20.0 for windows.
Comparison of socio-demographic characteristics of the study subjects (Table 1)
Table shows that the age (years) m±sd of study subjects were 14.29±0.973 (intervention) and 14.55±1.232 (non-intervention). Table shows that majority of the mothers of study subjects received primary education in intervention and secondary-higher secondary in non-intervention area such as 45.2% and 83.2% as well as majority of them were house wife in both area like 93.8% and 98.4%. Table shows that the majority of the fathers of study subjects received primary education in intervention and secondary-higher secondary in non-intervention area such as 42.4% and 58.4% as well as the occupation of the majority of father were business (25.4%) in intervention area and non-intervention area, the majority was job in abroad (30.5%). Significant difference was found with education (p less than 0.001) ) and occupation (p less than 0.001) of father and mother between intervention and non-intervention areas. Significant difference was found with education (p less than 0.001) of mother between intervention and non-intervention area. Maximum study subjects in both areas were Muslim. Majority of the type of family of study subjects were nuclear in intervention and non- intervention area such as 88.7% and 78.4%.
Comparison of nutritional status of the study population (Table-2)
This table revealed that BMI according to proposed for the Asian people, BMI was found 46.3% normal, 47.5% underweight and 6.2% were increased risk but no girls were in high risk group in intervention area and 27.4% were normal, 64.7% were under weight and 6.3% were increased risk but 1.6% were in high risk. According to the western cutoff value (WHO), BMI status was found 51.4% normal, 47.5% underweight and 1.1% overweight but no girls were found in obese in intervention area and 32.1% were normal, 64.7% were under weight and 2.6% were overweight but 0.5% was obese in non-intervention area. The table reveals that Hemoglobin status was found 72.3% were normal, 20.3% mild anemia and 7.3% were moderate anemia in intervention area and 51.6% were normal, 43.7% were mild anemia and 4.7% were moderate anemia in non-intervention area. Significant difference was found Both BMI and hemoglobin status among intervention and Non- intervention area (p less than 0.001).
Comparing socio-demographic and nutritional status between intervention and non-intervention area of the study respondents (Table 3)
According to m±sd of age was found 14.29±0.97 and 14.55±1.23 where P less than 0.004 in intervention and non-intervention area. Income was 19960.45±15642.07 and 26521.05±26128.03 where P less than 0.053 in intervention and non-intervention area. Weight was 41.86±6.22 and 42.33±7.67 where p less than 0.001 in intervention and non-intervention area. It was indicated that positive significance association was found. The table shows that m±sd of height was 152.0±5.35 and 152.01±5.55 where p less than 0.980 in intervention and non-intervention area. It was indicated that negative significance association was found. The table reveals that m±sd of Hemoglobin was 11.65±0.85 and 11.49±0.63 where p less than 0.001 in intervention and non-intervention area. It was indicated that positive significance association was found. According to table m±sd of BMI was 19.13±3.18 and 18.23±2.88 where p<0>
Correlation between BMI and others indicator of study subjects (Table 4)
The table shows that age (p less than 0.004) was strongly associated with BMI in intervention area, Hemoglobin was strongly associated with BMI in intervention area and non-intervention area where p value was (p less than 0.001) and (p less than 0.003).
Multiple regression analysis of BMI with socio-economic factor and hemoglobin of the study subjects (Table 5)
Multiple regression analysis was tested with BMI as dependent variable and others as independent variables. The table reveals that occupation of mother (p less than 0.023) and Hemoglobin (p less than 0.001) were significantly associated with BMI of study subjects. Other indicators were not significant with BMI.
The second decade of life is a period of rapid growth and personal development without which individuals cannot acquire the competence needed to adapt to a diverse and changing world. The social environment can provide and present hazards to health and obstacles to development. The nutritional status of adolescents plays a dominant role in determining the rate of growth and development (WHO 1997) [5]. Adolescence is a period which includes puberty spurt during which maximum growth in terms of weight and height takes place by Ghai OP [6]. According to some studiesby Agrawal KN, Saxena A et al [7], high under-nutrition at earlier age of adolescence has been reported. Adolescent girls belonging to 10-12 years were suffering from under-nutrition / chronic energy deficiency grade III maximally. Factors which may contribute to this phenomenon may be the earlier nutritional insult during pre-school period as well as adverse dietary practices during 5-9 years of age period. The results of the study revealed that, in rural Bangladesh, the prevalence of thinness and stunting among the adolescent girls aged 13-19 years was widespread and persistent. Severe thinness was 9% lower than 16% found in schoolgirls aged 10-16 years in Dhaka city by Abdullah M, Wheeler EF et al [8]. BMI according to proposed for the Asian people, was found 46.3% normal, 47.5% underweight and 6.2% was increased risk but no girls were in high risk group in NNP area and 27.4% was normal, 64.7% was under weight and 6.3% was increased risk but 1.6% was in high risk. According to the western cutoff value (WHO) [9], BMI status was found 51.4% normal, 47.5% underweight and 1.1% overweight but no girls were found in obese in NNP area and 32.1% was normal, 64.7% was under weight and 2.6% was overweight but 0.5% was obese in non NNP area. Of the pre-pubertal girls, 58% was thin, suggesting that undernutrition had delayed puberty in Bangladesh Nurul Alam, Roy SK et al [10]. One third (36.49%) of the urban Bangladeshi adolescents was undernourished, Mukhopadhyah A, Bhadra M et al at Kolkata [11]. The extent of under nutrition was slightly higher to those among Nepali refugees, reported at 1999 [12] (34%); and higher than those observed among rural African adolescents was (23%). However, the rate of undernutrition of another study those of rural Nepalese were (36%) [13]. Saha Sudip Kumar et al [14] reported, 32.3% urban school girls were in the normal range while 65.3% were overweight or obese. In the present study 48.3% of the adolescents were normal, nobody was overweight or obese and 51.7% were undernourished [15]. The extent of undernutrition was higher than those among Nepali refugees reported by Woodruff et al [13], but lower than those reported by one Indian study (53%) and two Kenyan studies chokson ST et al (61%) [16] and (57%) [17]. Hemoglobin status was found 72.3% normal, 20.3% mild anemia and 7.3% was moderate anemia in NNP area and 51.6% was normal, 43.7% was mild anemia and 4.7% was moderate anemia in non NNP area according to WHO [18]. Significant difference was found Both BMI and hemoglobin status among NNP and Non NNP area. Iron deficiency is common among adolescent girls in Bangladesh [8], that, compared to the NNP upazilas, intake of iron supplements was significantly higher (21% opposed to 8%) in the BINP upazilas [10]. This might be the effect of the distribution of iron and folic acid in the BINP community [19]. The prevalence of anemia was found 32.87% in Pakistan [20]. Many developing countries have the same picture. In India it is 38-72% [21], 68.8 % in Nepal and 46.6 % in Egypt. The findings of this study were in line with the other studies conducted in other countries and also with the National figures of Pakistan, which were 46% [22] (Nutrition Country Paper 1992 and WHO 1996) and 50.9% (NNS-2001-02). Nutritional status of adolescents, carried out by the International Centre for Research on Woman (ICRW), Washington by Kunt KM et al [23], anaemia was found to be a widespread nutritional problem and its prevalence ranged from 32-55%. However, in urban areas, 93.5% of adolescent girls were found to be anaemic in India by B Joshi et al [24]. Widespread undernutrition, micronutrient deficiency, low dietary knowledge, and low coverage of iron supplement among adolescents are concerns for public-health nutrition in Bangladesh. Adolescents are not the sole decision-makers. Parents, particularly mothers, often make decisions on their behalf, and they need to be sensitized about diet and nutritional needs in adolescence and adverse effects of undernutrition of adolescents to change their mindset. Significant association was found between education of father and BMI status and highly significant association was also found between education of mother with BMI of this study adolescent girls. One of the important parameter that determines nutritional status of an individual is the level of education in the family [25]. In that study when the nutritional status of adolescent girls was examined against highest education in the family it was evident that with increasing level of education, decline in under-nutrition was noticed among subjects [3]. Nutritional status of study subjects had been significantly influenced by their educational status and literacy status of their father. Importance of parental education in raising the nutritional status of children is well known [26]. Mother’s education has profound effect on pre-school children whereas father’s education seems greater importance in the care of adolescent girls in Lukhnow by Srivastava VK et al [27]. In this study no association was found between income, expenditure and nutritional status. Highly significant association was found occupation of mother, habit of drinking water with BMI and in NNP area highly significant association was found of education of mother, occupation of mother and habit of drinking water with BMI and in non NNP area. Similar pattern has been observed in subjects with and without latrine facility [3]. Several factors (age, highest education in the family, literacy status of study subjects, literacy status of father, main occupation of the family, socio-economic status, menstrual status and history of passage of worms) were found to be significantly associated with the nutritional status of the study subjects [4]. In this study, Hemoglobin is strongly associated with BMI in NNP area and non NNP area. Multiple regression analysis was tested with BMI as dependent variable and others as independent variables. Occupation of mother and Hemoglobin was significantly associated with BMI of study subjects other indicator were not significant with BMI. Although education was not associated with the risk of being thin, girls with higher education were less likely to be stunted than girls with lower education. Household economic condition (measured by the asset quintile) was not associated with the risk of being thin or stunted [28].
The study concludes that half of the adolescent girls had suffered nutritional deficiency diseases among non-intervention area. More than half of the adolescent girls in non-intervention area and about half of the girls in intervention area were undernourished. In non-intervention area Anemia was higher than intervention area. Association was found between nutritional status and socio-economic factors-education, occupation of mother and education of father. Significant difference was found between intervention and non-intervention area with nutritional status and anemia. So intervention is a positive impact on health and nutritional status of adolescent girls.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
