AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Research Article
*Corresponding Author: Bo Zhou, PhD, Pharmacotherapy Department, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America.
Citation: Bo Zhou, Jadea Jackson, Jahnavi Pinnamraju, Mona Pathak, Usha Sambamoorthi, (2024), Association of Inflation-related Stress with Depression and Anxiety among Older Adults, Psychology and Mental Health Care, 8(6): DOI:10.31579/2637-8892/271
Copyright: © 2024, Bo Zhou. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 17 April 2024 | Accepted: 04 June 2024 | Published: 17 July 2024
Keywords: mental health; socioeconomic status; observational studies; perceived inflation
Objectives:
To analyze the association of stress due to price increases with anxiety and depression among older adults in the US using near real-time survey data.
Method:
Cross-sectional study using Census Household Pulse Survey data collected between Jan 4-Jan 16, 2023. The study sample included older adults (age ≥ 65 years) without missing data on anxiety, depression, perception of inflation, the stress of price increases in the past two months, and health insurance (unweighted N=16,079 representing 47 million older adults). Depression and anxiety were measured using Patient Health Questionnaire-2 and two-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 instruments, respectively. The associations were examined with Rao-Scott Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regressions adjusted for demographics, social determinants of health, long-COVID, and COVID-19 vaccination.
Results:
The majority of our study population were female (53.0%), aged between 65-74 years (72.9%), and non-Hispanic white (77.1%). Overall, 93.3% reported experiencing price increases, 31.4% and 28.9% reported price increases to be very and moderately stressful respectively. Among those who were very stressed, a higher percentage of adults reported anxiety (32.8% vs 2.4%) and depression (25.2% vs 1.8%) compared to those without any stress. In adjusted logistic regressions, those who were very stressed due to inflation had higher odds of anxiety (AOR=6.27, 95% CI=3.46, 11.34) and depression (AOR=5.47, 95% CI=2.91,10.29).
Discussion:
Those with high stress of price increases had higher odds of depression and anxiety. Policies have to address the rise in demand for mental health care in the near future.
Financial affordability of goods and services can be influenced by unexpected personal and external events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, economic crisis, and inflation. In the United States (US), which has already impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, inflation has surged since early 2021, reaching a peak of 9.1% in June 2022, and remaining around 6.0% in February 2023 (Figure 1). Since World War II, there have been six periods (1946–48, 1950–51, 1969–71, 1973–82, 1989-1991 and 2008) in which inflation—as measured by CPI—was 5% or higher (Rouse et al., 2021).
Data Source: https://www.bls.gov/charts/consumer-price-index/consumer-price-index-by-category-line-chart.htm
Figure 1: 12-month Percentage Change in Consumer Price Index (CPI), All Items, Mar 2020-Feb 2023
Many studies have reported that financial stress can lead to poor mental health such as depression and anxiety(Guan et al., 2022; Ridley et al., 2020). Inflation erodes purchasing power of income and raise uncertainty about future prices and adversely impact the physical and mental health of the economically disadvantaged population. Recent studies documented that inflation has psychological impacts such as depression, tension and anxiety among in developing countries (Naz et al., 2012). However, no study on the association between inflation and mental health in the US using real-world data exists in the past 30 years, as there was no persistent inflation between 1992 and 2020 in the country. Dating back to 1976, a seminal survey of almost 2000 families found more than one-fourth families reported that financial pressures due to inflation had damaged their mental health (Caplovitz, 1981)(1981). The author measured inflation in two ways: objective inflation, which measures the extent income falls behind prices; and subjective inflation, which measures the degree to which it is hurting because of inflation. The study found 59 percent of families reported income fallen behind prices, while 52 percent of families experienced subjective inflation crunch.
Older adults are vulnerable to negative financial shocks due to their unique circumstances, such as income drops upon retirement and high healthcare expenditures that is paid out-of-pocket. A prospective cohort study found negative wealth shock is associated with all-cause-mortality among adults aged 51 and older(Pool et al., 2018). During the Great Recession of 2008, unemployment and decrease in income were associated with an increase in depressive symptoms among older adults(Hawkley et al., 2020; Wilkinson, 2016). Inflation shock may negatively affect older adults because they may delay or forego essential medical and basic care to cope with the price increases. Despite the well-established association between financial stress and decreased mental health, the impact of inflation on the mental well-being of older adults has been rarely studied due to the lack of observational data. Understanding the relationship between inflation related stress and mental health among older adults is particularly important during the COVID-19 pandemic, as older adults already have higher risks of severe complications from virus infections and have experienced increased loneliness during the pandemic (Emerson, 2020).
In this study, we used data from near real-time nationwide survey to examine the association of stress due to price increases with anxiety and depression among older adults (age ≥ 65 years) in the US during January 4th and January 16, 2023. We selected the time period based on consistent decline in inflation rates for 6 months and recency of data. We used subjective inflation measure from the survey as previous study documented difference in subjective and objective inflation measures among the retired population (Caplovitz, 1981).
Study Design and Data Source
We adopted a cross-sectional analysis of data from the online Household Pulse Survey (HPS) collected between Jan 4-Jan 16, 2023 (week 53). The U.S. Census Bureau, in partnership with 16 additional federal agencies, carries out the HPS to examine the impact of COVID-19 and other emergent concerns on the lives of American families. The HPS is structured for rapid and effective deployment, gathering information to assess household experiences throughout the COVID-19 pandemic and recovery phase. The collected data is shared promptly to support federal and state response and recovery strategies. The survey has been conducted regularly, on a weekly basis from April 23, 2020, until September 2021 and then biweekly starting from October 2021. Since October 2022, HPS has also collected data on perception of price change and stress of price increase.
Analytical Sample
The study was restricted to older adults (ages 65 or older) with health insurance. Respondents with missing data in anxiety or depression, perception of inflation and stress of price increase were excluded. The study sample included 16,079 individuals representing 46,954,005 older adults in the US population.
Dependent Variables
Anxiety and depression are the dependent variables. Anxiety was measured using the following questions: “Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by 1. Feeling nervous, anxious, or on edge? 2. Not being able to stop or control worrying?” The responses include not at all (score 0), several days (1), more than half the days (2) and nearly every day (3). The two-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-2) scale the score was calculated by adding score for each question. A score of >=3 points was considered as anxiety (Donker et al., 2011). Depression was measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) score using the following questions: “Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by 1. Little interest or pleasure in doing things? 2. Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless?” The responses include not at all (score 0), several days (1), more than half the days (2) and nearly every day (3). A total score of 3 or greater was considered as depression (Kroenke et al., 2003).
Key Explanatory Variable: Stress Due to Inflation
The key explanatory variable was stress due to inflation. The HPS queried respondents “in the area where you live and shop, do you think the prices for goods and services have changed in the last two months?”. People who perceived a price increase were queried “How stressful, if at all, has the increase in prices in the last two months been for you?” The choices were: 1) Very stressful; 2) Moderately stressful; 3) A little stressful; and 4) Not at all stressful. We combined the two questions and created a 5-category variable consisting of the level of stress and a category for those who perceived prices “declined, no change, and do not know”.
Other Explanatory Variables
Demographic variables were defined as age groups (65 – 74 years, 75 years or older), gender (female, male, transgender), race and ethnicity (Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic/Latino, Non-Hispanic Asian, and other), marital status (married, widowed, separated/divorced, and never married). Other socioeconomic variables included education (less than high school, high school, some college, associate degree and college), income (including 8 categories ranging from less than $25,000 to greater than $200,000), food insufficiency (low/very low , no food insufficiency), difficulty in paying for household expenses in the last 7 days (very difficult, somewhat difficult, little difficult, not difficult), region(North East, South, Midwest, West), and private health insurance coverage (yes/no). In addition, we included COVID-19 vaccination (yes/no) and long COVID (long COVID, no long COVID, no COVID).
We examined the associations between categorical variables and Anxiety and Depression using Rao-Scott chi-square tests. Three nested multivariable logistic regression models were designed to analyze the association between stress due to inflation with anxiety and depression after adjusting for other variables. Each model adjusted for different factors: Model 1 adjusted for difficulties in paying for household expenses in the last 7 days. Model 2 adjusted for age, gender, race and ethnicity, education, income, food insufficiency, and difficulties in paying for household expenses in the last 7 days, insurance type, marital status, region, long COVID, and COVID-19 vaccination. Model 3 included all factors from Model 2 and additionally adjusted for comorbid anxiety and depression. All analyses utilized SAS survey procedures, incorporating the jackknife method and replicate survey weights (SAS, 2017).
We described the characteristics of our study sample of 16,079 older adults in Table 1. A majority of the individuals were female (53.0%), aged between 65-74 years (72.9%), and non-Hispanic white (NHW, 77.1%). Most individuals were married (63.3%) and nearly one-third had a college education (33.1%). The income distribution was dispersed, with 13.1% of individuals earning less than $25,000, and 4.7
In this first nation-wide study of stress due to inflation during the third year of a pandemic and health outcomes, we observed that an overwhelming majority of older adults (93.3%) reported price increases in the last two months in the areas they live. Approximately, one in three older were very stressed about the price increases. As suggested by social stress theory older adults may feel stressed because of their vulnerability to stress and fewer coping resources (Mossakowski, 2014). Such stress can be due to limited financial resources to cushion against inflation. For example, 9 out of 10 Americans over the age of 65 were using social security benefits and more than 50 percent receive their income from social security and were receiving less than $2000 per month (Social Security Administration, 2023). Furthermore, the average annual medical expense for retirees over 65 is $4,274 out of pocket (McInerney et al., 2017). Thus, inflation may affect affordability and may make it difficult to pay for usual household expenses. Indeed, in our study, 30.7% of older adults reported that it had been very difficult or somewhat difficult to pay for usual household expenses with the past 7 days.
A main finding from our research is that older adults who were very stressed about price increases, had higher odds of anxiety and depression compared to those who had no stress about price increases. This finding suggest that inflation may be related to declining health outcomes through stress. As there are no nationwide studies on how the current inflation affects mental health, we have relied on studies on financial stress and outcomes to draw parallels of our study. Financial strain, whether due to inflation or recession have been reported to affect mental health of older adults (Ryu & Fan, 2023). Our findings are consistent with a NBER study on prescription drug price increase and health outcomes. In the simulation study, a $10 increase in prescription drug prices was associated with 33% increase in mortality because individuals may cut back on essential medications (Chandra et al., 2021).
The inflation in the US has come during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has already highlighted the shortages of mental health professionals and unmet mental health treatment needs among older individuals (Coley & Baum, 2022). The Department of Health and Human Service projected a shortage of 10,000 social workers by 2025 (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2016). Despite the implementation of policies and strategies such as telehealth assisted by Medicare, challenges remain as the COVID-19 pandemic worsened the national shortage of mental health care professionals. According to House Pulse Survey, 12.8% of older adults report an unmet need for mental health treatment (Nagata et al., 2022). A recent survey of patients in an age-friendly health system found 15.2% of vulnerable older adults had unmet need for mental health services, and those who had depression or anxiety also had a higher unmet need for medications and food insecurity (Tai‐Seale et al., 2023).
Our findings highlighted the importance of public policy to reduce the stress due to inflation. The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, which will invest approximately $433 billion in energy, climate and health to reduce deficit, is a step in the right direction (117th Congress, 2022). In particular, this bill will allow Medicare to negotiate for prescription drug prices, and cap the annual out-of-pocket prescription drug costs at $2000. Such policy responses are especially important to older adults with high out-out-pocket expenses for health care (McInerney et al., 2017).
While this is a first nationwide study of associated stress due to inflation during the third year COVID-19 pandemic, the study presents with limitations. This was a cross sectional study and self-reported data is subject to recall bias. In addition, because the HPS survey is an online survey there is a potential for selection bias as it is only accessible to households who have at least one email address or cell phone number. Furthermore, the data lacked information on chronic conditions and physical health status, which may influence depression and anxiety.
COVID-19 pandemic shed light on the shortcomings of mental health access and exacerbated an already short supply of therapist, psychologists, psychiatrists, and social workers leading to access barriers. This study not only highlights the association of depression and anxiety in individuals who perceive price increase but also calls to attention the consequences, such as individuals delaying medical care due to inflation (Weinick et al., 2005). Furthermore, as the mental health impact of external shocks outlasts the physical impact, our study findings suggest the demand for mental health care may increase in the coming months, and policies and programs must address both the demand and supply for appropriate health care professionals. Finally, public health and policy interventions should be developed and implemented to identify the patients with high risk of stress due to inflation and address mental health-related unmet social needs.
The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Study data can be downloaded at the United States Census Bureau website: (https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/household-pulse-survey/datasets.html).
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
