AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Research Article
*Corresponding Author: Saeed Taj Din, Associate Professor Orthopaedic surgery Azra Naheed Medical College Lahore.
Citation: Saeed T Din, Masooma F Thind. (2022). Association between osteoporosis Knowledge and Food Habits in Female University Students of Lahore. Journal of Clinical Surgery and Research. 3(3); DOI:10.31579/2768-2757/042
Copyright: ©2022 Saeed Taj Din, This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 29 January 2022 | Accepted: 25 February 2022 | Published: 03 March 2022
Keywords: osteoporosis; food; habits; skeletal; university students
Background: Osteoporosis is a general metabolic disorder which causes many musculoskeletal issues and reduces the quality of life in the elderly population which usually progresses at the age between 30 to 40 years in both males and females. Recent studies suggested some of the associated factors like age, low bone mineral density, sex family history of fracture, less dietary intake of vitamin D, and abnormal thyroid function, these factors are the leading cause of osteoporosis especially in females. It is also indicated that along with other associated factors poor living style, malnutrition and the bad food habits leads to form osteoporosis which contributes in the loss of bone mass in post-menopausal stage of women
Objective: To determine the association between osteoporosis knowledge and food habits in female university students of Lahore.
Methodology: After the approval from the research committee of University an analytical cross sectional study was conducted using the Osteoporosis knowledge assessment tool (OKAT) &Adolescent food habits checklist tool (AFHC) to collect data from 138 students. The collection of data was carried by online Google forms because the university was closed due to the pandemic situation.
Results: Mean knowledge score was found 9.9 with SD 4.8. Majority of the participants were found having average Knowledge good Knowledge (33.3% and 32.6%). Mean AFHC score was found 12.1 with SD±4.5. Increasing score indicates higher good food habits’ value and r value indicates that there is association between osteoporosis knowledge and food habits.
Conclusion: This study concluded that there is a strong positive correlation between osteoporosis knowledge and food habits.
Osteoporosis is defined as a systemic, skeletal ailment affected by poor bone mineral density and degeneration of bone tissues that results increase in bone fragility and fracture risk. For the most part, the double energy X-ray absorptiometry has been utilized to test bone density in various areas of the body [1]. It usually progresses at the age between 30 to 40 years in both males and females [2]. It is a general metabolic disorder which causes many musculoskeletal issues and reduces the quality of life in the elderly population [3]. Recent studies suggested some of the associated factors like age, low bone mineral density, sex family history of fracture, less dietary intake of vitamin D, and abnormal thyroid functions are the leading cause of osteoporosis especially in females [4].
The most common symptoms of osteoporosis are musculoskeletal pain, wrist and hip fracture Among these symptoms hip fracture increases the mortality of patients and also leads the poor quality of life and reduces daily physical activity in their life [5]. Recent studies mentioned the osteoporosis prevalence in females is 10% in USA, 14% in Japan, 4% in Canada and 10% in France. All the suggested data mentioned that osteoporosis is the most common age related disease in females which compromise the heath of the females and also reduces the strength of bones [6].
Bone mineral density (BMD) normally presents in all the individuals but varies person to person the level of BMD decreases and the loss of bone occurs with the age. Almost 24% women suffered from severe osteoporosis at the age between 50 to 84 years. Bone mineral density is most commonly mentioned as T- score and z-score. T-score of less than 2.5 indicates the case of osteoporosis [7]. It is suggested that the prevalence of post-menopausal osteoporosis is very high and the 31
Bilal et al (2017) conducted a research to determine the level of knowledge, views, and actions regarding osteoporosis among Pakistani female medical school applicants. This descriptive cross sectional study included 400 female medical students from DOW University of Health Sciences and Jinnah Sindh Medical University in England. The osteoporosis knowledge assessment tool and food frequency questionnaire was used and it was concluded that participants possessed insufficient amount of knowledge of the disease [17].
Nada Vujasinović Stupar et al (2017) conducted a study on 132postmenopausal womento assess the level of familiarity with osteoporosis and the dangers it poses. Osteoporosis knowledge assessment tool-shorter version was used to determine a person's degree of knowledge which showed significant differences between their knowledge about osteoporosis and its risk factors [18].
Varisha Tariq et al (2018) did this study to investigate and assess the awareness and understanding of osteoporosis and its risk factors among doctor of physiotherapy undergraduate students in Pakistan. This observational cross-sectional study was conducted on the 252 doctor of physiotherapy students with the help of osteoporosis knowledge assessment tool to assess the knowledge regarding osteoporosis and its risk factors. This study concluded that considerable number of students was having poor knowledge and we need to start awareness at the root level to deal with this increasing problem [19].
Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted by Sarita Pantaall et al (2020) assess the awareness and health beliefs of osteoporosis in 328 middle aged of selected community of Kathmandu. Osteoporosis health beliefs scale and osteoporosis knowledge assessment tool indicate that majority of the women were having poor knowledge of osteoporosis [20].
Naif R. Almalki et al (2016) conducted a cross sectional study to evaluate the knowledge regarding osteoporosis among 140 medical interns. Osteoporosis knowledge assessment tool was used to evaluate these things, which shows the knowledge among medical interns was poor [21].
Basim Khalid AlHarthiet al (2017) conducted this study with the purpose to examine the osteoporosis knowledge among 200 Saudi females in Riyadh. The osteoporosis knowledge assessment tool was used for evaluation. The conclusion was, very good percentage of females were aware of the osteoporosis [22].
Manickavasagam Senthilrajaet al (2021) conducted a cross sectional study to evaluate the knowledge regarding osteoporosis and beliefs among 302 postmenopausal women in India. Osteoporosis knowledge assessment tool was used to evaluate these things, which shows a deficit of knowledge regarding osteoporosis among postmenopausal women in India [23].
Sayaf H. Alshareef et al (2018) conducted a cross sectional study on 1012 young college women to assess the level of knowledge and awareness regarding osteoporosis and its risk factors. Osteoporosis knowledge assessment tool was used for data collection to assess the understanding of symptoms, fracture risks and level of knowledge. This study concludes that young Saudi females do not have considerable amount of knowledge [24].
Tagreed O. Shawashiet al (2017) conducted this descriptive cross sectional study with the purpose to examine the female university student’s beliefs, knowledge and self-efficacy regarding osteoporosis in 260 female students. The osteoporosis knowledge assessment tool, osteoporosis health beliefs scale and osteoporosis self-efficacy scale was used for evaluation. The conclusion was, very poor percentage of females has any knowledge about osteoporosis [25].
REE De Silva et al (2014) conducted a descriptive cross sectional study to evaluate the knowledge, practices and beliefs among 186 medical school entrants in Sri Lanka. Self-administered questionnaire was used for evaluation, which shows a modest level of knowledge regarding osteoporosis among medical students in Sri Lanka. It is also stated that along with other associated factors poor living style, malnutrition and the bad food habits leads to form osteoporosis which contributes in the loss of bone mass in post-menopausal stage of women [26].
To determine the association between osteoporosis knowledge and food habits in female university students of Lahore.
Hypothesis:
Null hypothesis:
There was no significant association found between osteoporosis knowledge and food habits in female university students of Lahore.
Alternate hypothesis:
There was a significant association found between osteoporosis knowledge and food habits in female university students of Lahore.
Rationale:
Many researches present on osteoporosis in women, but mostly researches finds the prevalence, causes, risk factors and the post-menopausal osteoporosis in females which are done in other countries. But there is no study found in Pakistan which determines the association between osteoporosis and food habits in female university students of Lahore. This research was mainly focused to determine the guidelines about osteoporosis and its relationship with food patterns or habits. Because food habits or healthy food intake plays important role in maintaining the vitamin D or calcium levels which helps to reduce the risk of osteoporosis in the elderly age of females. It will help us in future to make better or effective guidelines related to the prevention of osteoporosis.
Operational Definition
1st Measurement Tool:
Name:
Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool (OKAT) [27].
Purpose of the Questionnaire:
This questionnaire was used to assess attitude, knowledge, practice and perception to prevent from osteoporosis.
Total Questions:
The OKAT questionnaire has 20 items to assess understanding of osteoporosis, with the first 12 questions assessing knowledge and questions regarding the disease. The remaining four questions assessed practice and thought to prevent osteoporosis, while 13-16 were used to assess mind-set to osteoporosis [28].
Measurement:
It was measured as a numerical tool.
Interpretation:
It was a 20-item survey with true, false, and don't know alternatives for each question. The analysis was conducted by assigning a score of 1 to a correct response and a score of 0 to an incorrect or unknown response. The overall score ranged from 0 to 20. The overall score out of 20 was multiplied by 5 to reach at a score of 100. The criteria were set as follows: (<20>17)
Reliability:
This instrument was a reliable tool to assess attitude, knowledge, practice and perception to prevent from osteoporosis [29].
2nd Measurement Tool:
Name:
Adolescent Food Habits Checklist Tool (AFHC)
Purpose of the Questionnaire:
This questionnaire was geared toward measuring healthful eating conduct of teenagers.
Total Questions:
The AFHC questionnaire consisted of 23 objects using means of dietary fat and fiber intake, fruit and vegetable consumption, dietary restraint, nutrition knowledge and a measure of family income [30].
Measurement:
It was measured as a numerical tool.
Interpretation:
1 point for each ‘healthy’ response. (False for questions 3, 8, 14, 18, 21. True for all others.) Final score was adjusted for ‘not applicable’ responses (questions 1, 6, 7, 11, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21), and missing responses using the formula: AFHC score = no of ‘healthy’ responses x (23/no of items completed).
Reliability:
This instrument was a reliable tool toward measuring healthful eating conduct of teenagers [30].
Study Design:
It was an analytical cross sectional study.
Setting:
Data was collected from;
Azra Naheed Medical College
Study population:
Female students
Duration of the Study:
Six months
Sample Size:
Sample of138 female students was taken from Azra Naheed Medical College Lahore.
Sampling Technique:
Convenient sampling technique was used for the collection of data.
Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:
Female Students
age 19-24 years
2nd to final semester (because they have much knowledge about osteoporosis)
Exclusion Criteria:
Females with eating disorder
Psychological disorders
1st to final semester
Data Collection Procedure:
After the ethical approval from the affiliated university, 138 female students who meet the inclusion criteria and were explained about the objectives of this study. Only those who gave consent were included in the study. They were provided with online Google questionnaire link via Social media or WhatsApp. All the participants were requested to complete both questionnaires. These questionnaires were a reliable measure to evaluate knowledge, attitude, practice and perception to prevent from osteoporosis and toward measuring healthful eating conduct of teenagers. OKAT was a 20-item survey with true, false, and don't know alternatives for each question. The analysis was conducted by assigning a score of 1 to a correct response and a score of 0 to an incorrect or unknown response. The overall score ranged from 0 to 20. The overall score out of 20 was multiplied by 5 to reach at a score of 100. The criteria were set as follows: (<20>
Ethical Consideration:
Full consent of the participants was taken.
Protection of the privacy of participants was ensured.
Confidentiality of the data was maintained.
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 Total | Frequency | Percent |
| 9 | 6.3 | |
| 5 | 3.5 | |
| 20 | 13.9 | |
| 17 | 11.8 | |
| 20 | 13.9 | |
| 18 | 12.5 | |
| 14 | 9.7 | |
| 41 | 28.5 | |
| 144 | 100 |
Table 1: Semester of the participants
| Minimum | Maximum | Mean | Std. Deviation | |
| Semester | 2 | 10 | 6.66 | 2.557 |
Table 2: Semester of the participants
Table 1 & 2 showing Semester of the participants
| Minimum | Maximum | Mean | Std. Deviation | ||
| Age | 143 | 17.0 | 26.0 | 22.476 | 1.9817 |
| Height | 142 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 5.453 | .2697 |
| Weight | 141 | 38.0 | 78.0 | 58.617 | 7.6258 |
Table 3: Mean age, height and weight of the participants
Table 3 is showing Mean age, height and weight of the participants. Mean age was found 22.4 years with SD ±1.9, mean height was found 5.4 feet with ±SD .26 and mean weight was fund 58.6kg with SD ±7.6.
<20> 20-40: poor Knowledge 41-60: average Knowledge 61-85: good Knowledge 86 or more: very good Knowledge Total | Frequency | Percent |
| 21 | 14.6 | |
| 25 | 17.4 | |
| 48 | 33.3 | |
| 47 | 32.6 | |
| 3 | 2.1 | |
| 144 | 100.0 |
Table 4: knowledge level of the participants
| N | Minimum | Maximum | Mean | Std. Deviation | |
| Score | 144 | .00 | 19.00 | 9.9236 | 4.82140 |
Table 4 & 5 is showing Knowledge level of the participants. Mean knowledge score was found 9.9 with SD 4.8. Majority of the participants were found having average Knowledge good Knowledge (33.3% and 32.6%).
| N | Minimum | Maximum | Mean | Std. Deviation |
| AFHC score | 144 | .00 | 21.00 | 12.1181 | 4.50252 |
Table 6: Mean AFHC score of the participants
| AFHC score | Score | ||
| AFHC score | Pearson Correlation | 1 | .278** |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | .001 | ||
| N | 144 | 144 | |
| Score | Pearson Correlation | .278** | 1 |
| Sig. (2-tailed) | .001 | ||
| N | 144 | 144 | |
| **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). | |||
Table 7: Pearson’s Correlations between osteoporosis knowledge and food habit
P value =0.01
R value= 0.28**
P value and r value indicates that there is association between osteoporosis knowledge and food habits
Mean age was found 22.4 years with SD ±1.9, mean height was found 5.4 feet with ±SD .26 and mean weight was found 58.6kg with SD ±7.6. Mean knowledge score was found 9.9 with SD 4.8. Majority of the participants were found having average Knowledge good Knowledge (33.3% and 32.6%). Mean AFHC score was found 12.1 with SD±4.5. Increasing score indicates higher good food habits.
Alternative hypothesis was accepted.
Osteoporosis is rapidly becoming a major public health concern impacting tens of millions throughout the world; it is not simply a Age-related illness, but it also affects people of all ages. Despite the fact that OP cases have increased quickly in recent years, little is known about it, and understanding and awareness of it are uncommon. According to a survey performed in Malaysia, just 6.8% of students between the ages of 20 and 30 have a strong understanding of OP. In contrast to our findings, a Saudi Arabian study found that 77 percent of students were aware of osteoporosis. Similar surveys to estimate the risk of osteoporosis have been done in China and the United States of America (USA).According to the findings, both American and Chinese students had insufficient knowledge of osteoporosis.
Among comparison to men, osteoporosis is more common in women and females around the world. The majority of the subjects had a good understanding of osteoporosis, which contrasted with other studies that showed a lack of understanding of osteoporosis risk factors and prevention measures, leading to a poor knowledge and behavior, which would significantly raise the incidence of osteoporosis in our society.
The study's goal was to find out what knowledge, beliefs, and food habits female students in Superior University Lahore, Pakistan had about osteoporosis. The reason for picking Female students was that they had not been educated enough about osteoporosis at the college or university level, and their only understanding of the disease comes from their family physicians. The participants in the study had a strong understanding of osteoporosis. The vast majority of the participants were determined to have average to good knowledge. Knowledge of risk variables is essential since it can be used to inform disease prevention initiatives [31].
Nonetheless, when comparing to girls in college in the United States in a same study, the participants' understanding of risk factors was low [32]. Previous research in Pakistan have found that females in Pakistan do not have a enough understanding of the dangers of osteoporosis, and that understanding does not always transfer into avoidance [31]. However, when compared to a same study done among university students in Quetta, where the average level of expertise was 13.01 2.9, the study showed a higher mean score on osteoporosis knowledge. This is evidence of regional disparities in health knowledge.
Participants will only take preventative steps if they believe they are susceptible to the disease and that the severity of the sickness will have a significant impact on their life, according to the Health Belief Model [33]. In our study, participants' reported vulnerability to osteoporosis was good, with more than half believing they could develop osteoporosis. And it was discovered that this sickness is linked to one's eating habits. In Pakistani studies, inadequate levels of activity and a physical inactivity are on the upswing, possibly as a result of longer hours spent indoors [34]. Low bone mass and muscle weakness, which both increase the risk of osteoporosis, are two factors to consider, can be exacerbated by a lack of needed amounts of activity and diet [35].
Complications of osteoporosis are the primary cause of morbidity and mortality. Every year, an estimated 9 million people worldwide suffer from osteoporosis fractures. In Europe, osteoporosis-related impairment outnumbers cancer-related disability. This is on par with, if not higher than, non-communicable illness. A method that works (OKAT) to evaluate your understanding of osteoporosis is one of our study's strengths. We also gathered data on the elements that may influence awareness, which we hope to use to promote knowledge in general. This issue is primarily linked to osteoporosis. The study's certain restrictions include limited sample size and the use of an online poll, which could lead to selection bias. As a result, we were unable to apply our findings to both genders.
According to the findings, there is a considerable positive link between osteoporosis knowledge and food habits. Females who have poor eating habits are at high risk of developing osteoporosis, and for those who have good eating habits and a period of physical activity are at lower risks of developing osteoporosis.
First limitation regarding this study was the population, which was selected from only one university due to pandemic lock down and it does not represent the whole country. The second limitation was we were not able to use the random sampling technique for data collection because the university was closed due to the pandemic.
With a climbing rate of osteoporosis due to poor food habits and lack of knowledge, this is a demand to investigate current policies, lifestyles and food habits of the students. In the future, further studies should be multicenter and studies on larger scales are also required in the future. Because the prevalence of osteoporosis is calculated higher and this is a good opportunity to review student’s present habits, to plan seminars on osteoporosis, women health and food habits in university’s curriculum, as well as to create a clear guidelines among university students. Therefore, further evaluation is needed for both groups’ especially female students as they are the more prone to multiple musculoskeletal diseases than the other gender.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
