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Research Article
*Corresponding Author: Abdurrazzaq Ibrahim Abdullahi, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria.
Citation: Abdurrazzaq I. Abdullahi, Falmata M. Ali, Tukur Mohammed, Abubakar M, Mohammed, Mohammed S. Isiyaku, et al, (2024), Dietary Black Seed (Nigella sativa) Promotes Growth Performance of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Aquaculture, J. Nutrition and Food Processing, 7(14); DOI:10.31579/2637-8914/273
Copyright: © 2024, Abdurrazzaq Ibrahim Abdullahi. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 07 October 2024 | Accepted: 25 October 2024 | Published: 11 November 2024
Keywords: aquaculture; natural growth promoter; african catfish; black seed
This study evaluated the effects of dietary black seed as growth promoter in the diet of Clarias gariepinus juveniles. Five iso-proteinous diets were formulated and supplemented with black seed at 0.0%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5% to make four treatments and one control diets. Completely randomized design (CRD) was employed. One hundred and fifty (150) C. gariepinus juveniles were used for the experiment. Ten fish were randomly assigned to a 1m2 Hapa net. A total of 15 Hapa nets were used in an outdoor earthen lined pond of 10m × 7m (l × b) and depth of 1.5m, and the five formulated diets were fed to the experimental fish at 5% body weight for a period of 8 weeks. Highest mean weight gain of 49.66±4.52g was obtained in the fish fed 2.5% followed by 47.66±4.52g obtained in the fish fed 2.0%. The least mean weight gain of 38.33±4.52g was recorded in the fish fed 1.0%. The highest feed conversion ratio of 2.63±0.09 was recorded in the fish fed 1.0% while the least (2.43±0.09) was recorded in the fish fed 2.5% dietary black seed which differed significantly (P≤0.05) with the other treatments. In conclusion, the result of this study elucidated that the fish fed 2.5% dietary black seed had the best growth performance, revealing the positive effects of black seed on the growth of C. gariepinus. Therefore, black seed can be used as natural growth promoter in the diet of C. gariepinus.
Aquaculture development today is imbalanced and there are multiple opportunities for the expansion of aquaculture in less developed areas with suitable natural resources, particularly in Africa and specifically in areas not otherwise farmable such as arid zones, alkaline land or open oceans [1]. Aquaculture production in Western Africa increased from 32 146 tonnes in 2000 to 388 375 tonnes in 2021 [2]. The 12.6 percent annual growth was higher than regional and world averages. The production increased in all 15 aquaculture countries in the sub-region. Nigeria contributed most of aquaculture production in the sub-region. Ghana, Mali, and Côte d'Ivoire were another three countries in the sub-region with relatively large (> 5 000 tonnes) aquaculture production [3]. In 2021, aquaculture was practiced in 15 out of 17 countries in the sub-region. Yet the effective number of countries was only 2.4, reflecting a concentration of aquaculture production in Nigeria and Ghana [2].
African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is one of the most cultured fish species in Nigeria [4], it has a high growth rate, resistant to diseases and characterized with high fertility and can survive in a high stocking density. These characteristics have determined its commercial use and made it to be an excellent fish species for aquaculture. Nigeria is the world’s largest producer of African catfish on which millions of people’s livelihoods depend [5], it is widely distributed in Africa (i.e. from Nile to West Africa and from Algeria to Southern Africa) and middle East, and it inhabits freshwater ecosystem such as reservoirs, lakes and rivers as well as culture ponds.
Black seed (Nigella sativa) is a medicinal plant belonging to the family ranunculaceae and it has been known as far back as 1400 years ago [6]. Due to its numerous therapeutic properties, black seed is widely cultivated and used in different regions of the world [7]. Black seeds contain many bioactive constituents, such as antioxidant compounds (mainly represented by thymoquinone and dithymoquinone), flavonoids, sterols, and polyunsaturated fatty acids [8]. Interestingly, black seeds are rich in bioactive compounds. In general, it contains about 32-40% fixed oils, 0.4-0.45% volatile oil 8-9 types of essential amino acids beside some carbohydrates and vitamins [9]. The pharmacological properties of this seeds are mainly attributed to having several bioactive constituents such as thymoquinone, dithymoquinone, thymol, nigellicine and nigellidine [10]. Positive effects of dietary black seed have been shown on the growth performance, biochemical and immuno-haematological parameters of Oreochromis niloticus [11] and Cyprinus carpio [12]. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of black seed as a growth promoter in the diets of African catfish (C. gariepinus).
Study Area
The study was conducted at fish nutrition unit of the Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria. The University is located along Bama road, Maiduguri, Borno state and lies between latitude 11°29N and longitude 13°70E. The mean monthly temperature is highest (40.2°C) prior to the onset of the rain in June and the lowest (31.3°C) during the peak of the rainy period of August.
Experimental fish
One hundred and fifty Clarias gariepinus juveniles were procured from Garbati fish farm in Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria and transported in an oxygenated container to the experimental site.
Feed formulation and compounding
The experimental diets were formulated using soybeans, fishmeal, maize, oil and black seed. Other ingredients were premix, lysine, methionine, salt and binder. The soybeans was toasted and ground into powdered form separately. The black seed was ground and supplemented at different levels of 0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5% to make one control and four experimental diets, respectively. The experimental feed ingredients were ground separately into a powdered form. Pearson’s square method was used to calculate the inclusion levels of each ingredients as presented in Table 1. After the measurement, all the ingredients were mixed thoroughly to obtain a homogeneous product and water was added to form dough. The dough was pelleted using pelleting machine. The pelleted feeds were sun-dried and package in polythene bag in well ventilated room under ambient temperature.
| Ingredient | BS 0.0% | BS 1.0% | BS 1.5% | BS 2.0 % | BS 2.5 % |
| Maize | 15.84 | 15.84 | 15.84 | 15.84 | 15.84 |
| Frish meal | 24.72 | 24.72 | 24.72 | 24.72 | 24.72 |
| Soyabean meal | 49.44 | 48.44 | 47.94 | 47.44 | 46.94 |
| Premix | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
| Palm oil | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
| Lysine | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Methionine | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Salt | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
| Binder | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Table 1: Feed Composition
Experimental design
Completely randomized design (CRD) was employed. One hundred and fifty (150) C. gariepinus juveniles were used for the experiment. Ten fish were randomly assigned to a 1m2 Hapa net. A total of 15 Hapa nets were used in an outdoor earthen lined pond of 10m × 7m (l × b) and depth of 1.5m, and the five formulated diets were fed to the experimental fish and the pond water was monitored daily.
Feeding trials
The fish were fed at 5% body weight twice daily, morning (8:00 – 9:00 a.m.) and evening (5:00 – 6:00 p.m.). Fish in each experimental Hapa was collectively weighed and both the total and standard lengths were measured biweekly using weighing balance and measuring board respectively, throughout the experimental period. The experiment lasted for 2 months.
Determination of proximate composition
The proximate composition of the diets and carcass composition of the experimental fish were determined using the methods of the AOAC (2019).
Moisture content
A clean crucible was dried to a constant weight in an air oven at 110°C, cooled in a desiccator and weighed (W1). 2g of finely pulverized sample was weighed in the crucible and then re-weighed (W2). The crucible and its content will be dried in an oven to a constant weight (W3). The percentage moisture was calculated thus % Moisture content = {(W2-W3)/(W2-W1)} × 100
Ash content
Porcelain crucible was dried in an oven at 100°C for 10 minutes, cooled in a desiccator and weighed (W1). 2g of finely pulverized sample was weighed (W2) into the previously weighed clean crucible which was ignited in the muffle furnace at 550°C for 1 hour and cooled in a desiccator. The crucible and its content was transferred into the muffle furnace and the temperature was gradually increased until it reached 550°C. The sample was left in the furnace for 8 hours to ensure proper ashing. The crucible containing the ash was allowed to cool to 200°C, the crucible was removed and cooled in a desiccator until constant weight is obtained (W3). % Ash content = {(W2-W3)/(W2-W1)} × 100
Crude lipid content
Four grams of sample was weighed (W1) into a clean, dried 500 mL round bottom flask containing few antibumping granules was weighed (W2) and 300mL of petroleum ether (40°C-60°C) for the extraction was poured into the flask fitted with soxhlet extraction unit. The round bottom flask and a condenser was connected to the soxhlet extractor, and cold water circulation was put on. The heating mantle was switched on and the heating rate adjusted until the solvent was refluxing at a steady rate. Extraction was carried out for 6 hours. The solvent was recovered and the oil was dried in the oven at 70°C for 1 hour. The round bottom flask and oil was cooled and then weighed (W3).
% Crude Content = {(W2-W3)/(W2-W1)} × 100
Crude fibre
Two grams of finely pulverized sample was weighed into an extraction apparatus, fat was extracted with liquid petroleum spirit (40°C-60°C) the extracted was removed and dried at 105°C for 30 minutes. Two grams of the defatted sample was weighed into a dry 600 cm round bottom flask. 100 cm3 of (0.023M) sulphuric acid was added and the mixture boiled under reflux for 30 minutes. The hot solution was quickly filtered under suction. The insoluble matter was washed several times with hot water until it is acid free. This was quantitatively transferred into the flask and 100 cm3 of hot (0.312) sodium hydroxide solution was added and the mixture boiled under reflux for 30 minutes and quickly filtered under suction. The insoluble residue was washed with boiling water until it was base free. It will be dried to constant weight in the oven set at 100°C, cooled in a desiccator and weighed (C2). The weighed residue was incinerated in a muffle furnace at 550°C for 2 hours, cooled in a desiccator and reweighed (C3).
The loss in weight on ashing (incineration) = C2 - C3
Weight of original sample = W % Crude Fibre = {C2-C3)/W} × 100
Crude protein
Two grams of the sample was weighed into 100cm3 Kjeldahl digestion flask and about lg of catalyst mixture (K2SO4 and CuSO4) was added to speed up the reaction. 25mL of concentrated sulphuric acid was added into the flask. The content in the Kjeldahl digestion flask was heated slowly at first in Kjeldahl heating unit frotting subsides and then more vigorously with occasional rotation of the flask to ensure even digestion and avoid over heating of the content. The heating continued until a clear solution is obtained. After cooling, the solution was transferred into 100cm3 volumetric flask and diluted to mark with distilled water. 10mL aliquot of the diluted solution or digest was pipette into Markham semi macro nitrogen steel and 10cm3 of 40% sodium hydroxide solution will be added. The liberated ammonia was trapped in a 100cm3 conical flask containing l0cm3 of 40% boric acid and 2 drops of methyl red indicator. Distillation was allowed to continue until pink colour of the indicator turn green. The content of the conical flask was titrated with 0.1M HCl, with end point indicated by a change from green to pink colour. The volume of the acid used for the distillate as well as the blank was noted.
% Nitrogen = {(0.014 × M × (V1-V0)}/ {weight of test sample} × 100
where M = actual molarity of acid; V1 = volume of HCl required for 10 mL sample solution, V0 = volume of HCl required for the blank.
Atomic weight of nitrogen = 0.014
% Crude = % Nitrogen (N2) × 6.25
Nitrogen free extract
The total carbohydrate content was determined by different methods. The sum of the percentage moisture, % ash, %crude lipid, % crude protein and % crude fibre was subtracted from 100 as described by Abdullahi et al. [13].
NFE = 100-(ash+ crude lipid + crude protein + crude fibre)
Determination of growth performance and nutrient utilization parameters
The data was obtained on the growth performance and nutrient utilization of Clarias gariepinus fed the experimental diets was determined as following the methods of Abdullahi et al. [14].
Mean weight gain (MWG) (g)
Mean Weight Gain (MWG) = W2 - W1
Where W1 = initial mean weight (g)
W2 = Final mean weight (g)
Specific growth rate (SGR%/day)
SGR % =
Where W1 = initial mean weight (g)
W2 = Final mean weight (g)
T1 = initial time (g)
T2 = Final time (g)
Condition factor (CF)
CF = 
Survival rate (%)
SR = 
Protein efficiency ratio (PER)
PER = 
Feed conversion ratio (FCR)
FCR = 
Mortality
M = 
Water quality parameters
Water quality parameters were determined weekly, before feeding the fish. The dissolved oxygen level of the water was measured using a digital water dissolved oxygen meter (Smart Sensor AR8210 model) while pH and temperature were measured using a digital pH/Temperature meter (HI-98127 model).
Data Analysis
All data collected from the experiment were subjected to one-way analysis of variance to test for significant differences among treatment means using XLSTAT version 2022, followed by Duncan pairwise comparisons which was used to separate significantly different means at a confidence interval of 95%.
Proximate composition of the experimental diets
Proximate composition of the experimental diets is shown in Table 2. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the crude protein content of all experimental diets. The moisture content in the Experimental diets ranges from 8.16 to 8.67%, the highest was recorded in the diets with 2.0% of inclusion level while the least was recorded in the diets with 1.5% of black seed meal. Highest value (19.03%) of ether extract and the least value of (17.63%) were recorded in the fish fed 2.0% and 0.0% black seeds, respectively. The crude protein content of all the experimental diets met the required amount necessary for the optimal growth of African catfish (C. gariepinus) which ranged from 35-55% crude protein. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the crude protein content of the experimental diets showing uniformity of all the diets, therefore, was considered as iso-proteinous diets. The ether extract, ash content and nitrogen free extract revealed no significant difference (P>0.05) among all the diets with the highest value of 19.03%, 8.99% and 18.51%, respectively.
| Parameter | BS 0.0% | BS 1.0% | BS 1.5% | BS 2.0% | BS 2.5% |
| Moisture | 8.06±0.59a | 8.40±0.59a | 8.16±0.59a | 8.67±0.59a | 8.62±0.59a |
| CP | 39.91±0.92a | 41.75±0.92a | 42.45±0.92a | 41.47±0.92a | 42.15±0.92a |
| Crude fibre | 7.60±0.85a | 5.80±0.85ab | 7.11±0.85a | 5.57±0.85ab | 4.03±0.85b |
| Ether Extract | 17.67±0.82a | 18.00±0.82a | 18.01±0.82a | 19.03±0.82a | 18.34±0.82a |
| Ash | 8.32±0.66a | 8.36±0.66a | 7.60±0.66a | 7.64±0.66a | 8.99±0.66a |
| Nitrogen free extract | 18.43±1.54a | 17.67±1.54a | 16.66±1.54a | 17.60±1.54a | 18.51±1.54a |
Mean with the same superscript across the same row were not significantly different (P>0.05)
Key: BS=Black seed, CP=Crude protein
Table 2: Proximate composition of the experimental diets
Growth performance and nutrient utilization of Clarias gariepinus fed experimental diet
Growth performance of Clarias gariepinus fed experimental diets is presented in Table 3. The results revealed that dietary inclusion of different levels of black seed has positive effect on the growth rate of Clarias gariepinus. A significant highest value of mean weight gain was recorded in 2.5% level (49.66g) followed by 2.0% (47.66g), 0.0% (47.33g), 1.5% (44.33g) and 1.0% (38.33g) was recorded. The highest mean final length was observed in 2.5% (20.00cm) followed by 2.0% (18.33cm) while the least mean final length of 14.66cm was recorded in the fish fed control diet. The highest specific growth rate was recorded in 2.5% followed by 0.0% and the least value in the fish fed 1.0% with a values of 1.01g, 0.99g and 0.88g, respectively. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in initial weight (16g) among all the experimental fish at the onset of the experiment showing uniformity in their sizes and unbiasedness. This study revealed that the fish fed 2.0% and 2.5% supplementation levels of black seed had the highest final weight, mean weight gain and specific growth rate. This finding is inline with the
finding of Latif et al. [15] who documented that 2.5% black seed supplementation is suggested in rohu diet to increase it growth and avoid oxidative stress related losses. Diab [16] also reported that the growth rate of Oreochromis niloticus fed on 2.0% black seed supplemented diet improved the growth performance. These positive growth responses revealed in this study and that of the aforementioned authors could be attributed to chemical composition of the black seed making it an excellent grow promoter in the diets of fish. The Nutrient utilization of Clarias gariepinus fed experimental diets is presented in Table 4. There was significant different (P≤0.05) in the protein efficiency ratio and feed conversion ratio among the treatments and the control. Apparent net protein utilization also differed significantly (P≤0.05) with the highest value (76.81) in 2.5%, followed by 2.0% (71.17), 0.0% (64.96), 1.0% (60.38) and 1.5%, (55.31). The condition factors (1.39 to 1.53) of fish fed the dietary black seed were not significant different (P>0.05) indicating that dietary inclusion of black seed did not influence the welfare of the experimental fish negatively. Survival rate of C. gariepinus juveniles fed the experimental diets showed similar values (83.33-96.66%) among the treatment there was no significant difference (P>0.05) observed.
| Parameter | BS 0.0% | BS 1.0% | BS 1.5% | BS 2.0% | BS 2.5% |
| IW | 16.00±0.48a | 16.00±0.48a | 16.00±0.48a | 16.00±0.48a | 16.00+0.48a |
| FW | 63.33±4.52a | 54.33±4.52a | 60.33±4.52a | 63.66±4.52a | 65.66+4.52a |
| IL | 11.33±0.61b | 12.00±0.61ab | 12.33±0.61ab | 12.00±0.61ab | 13.50+0.61a |
| FL | 14.66±0.86c | 16.33±0.86bc | 17.33±0.86abc | 18.33±0.86ab | 20.00+0.86a |
| MWG | 47.33±4.52a | 38.33±4.52a | 44.33±4.52a | 47.66±4.52a | 49.66+4.52a |
| SGR | 0.99±0.05a | 0.88±0.05a | 0.95±0.05a | 0.98±0.05a | 1.01+0.05a |
| SR | 96.66±5.37a | 83.33±5.37a | 90.00±5.37a | 93.33±5.37a | 93.33+5.37a |
| PWG | 74.66±2.02a | 70.29±2.02a | 72.69±2.02a | 74.59±2.02a | 75.51+2.02a |
| PER | 1.34±0.12b | 1.09±0.12d | 1.26±0.12c | 1.36±0.12b | 1.41±0.12a |
| FCR | 2.62±0.09a | 2.63±0.09a | 2.58±0.09a | 2.48±0.09b | 2.43±0.09c |
| ANPU | 64.96±1.54c | 60.38±1.54c | 55.31±1.54d | 71.17±1.54b | 76.81±1.54a |
| NNR | 50.58±1.94b | 61.09±1.94a | 55.80±1.94ab | 56.52±1.94ab | 54.58±1.94ab |
| CF | 1.43±0.16a | 1.39±0.16a | 1.44±0.16a | 1.43±0.16a | 1.53+0.16a |
Mean with the same superscript across the same row were not significantly different (P>0.05)
Key: BS=Black Seed, MWG=Mean weight gain, SGR=Specific growth rate, SR=Survival range, PWG=Percentage weight gain, PER=Protein efficiency ratio, FCR=Feed conversion ratio, ANPU=Apparent net protein utilization, NNR=Net nitrogen retention, CF=Condition factor.
Table 3: Growth performance and nutrient utilization of Clarias gariepinus fed experimental diets
Carcass proximate composition of Clarias gariepinus fed experimental diets
The carcass proximate composition of Clarias gariepinus fed experimental diets is shown in Table 4. Highest value of carcass crude protein was 61.33g/100g was recorded in the fish fed 2.5% followed by 2.0%, 1.5%, 1.0% and 0.0% with the mean value of 60.70, 59.75, 56.17 and 55.18g/100g, respectively. All the mean crude protein value obtained in the final carcass differed significantly (P>0.05) with initial carcass crude protein. There was no significant different in the value of ether extract among all the treatments and the control. The moisture content, ether extract and nitrogen free extract of all the experimental diets recorded no significant different (P>0.05). The moisture ranged from 6.45 to 8.06%, ether extract ranged from 10.66 to 16.56%. The highest crude protein observed in the study revealed that the growth performance of the experimental fish was due to protein as high amount of crude protein was recorded in the carcass of all the experimental fish.
| Parameter | Initial | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 |
| Moisture | 6.65±0.75a | 6.45±0.75a | 8.06±0.75a | 6.69±0.75a | 7.24±0.75a | 7.19±0.75a |
| CP | 45.18±1.47d | 55.18±1.47c | 56.17±1.47bc | 59.75±1.47ab | 60.70±1.47abc | 61.33±1.47a |
| Ash | 5.26±0.72ab | 5.06±0.72ab | 3.42±0.72b | 7.04±0.72a | 6.66±0.72a | 3.38±0.72b |
| EE | 16.07±1.17a | 18.07±1.17a | 15.77±1.17a | 14.07±1.17a | 14.72±1.17a | 17.40±1.17a |
| NFE | 27.22±2.30a | 15.22±2.30b | 16.56±2.30b | 12.43±2.30b | 10.66±2.30b | 10.68±2.30b |
Mean with the same superscript across the same row were not significantly different (P>0.05)
Key: CP=Crude protein, EE=Ether extract, NFE=Nitrogen free extract
Table 4: Carcass Composition of Clarias gariepinus fed experimental diet
Water quality parameters of culture medium
The summary of the mean values of the water quality parameters of the culture medium is presented in Table 5. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the physico-chemical parameters observed in this study. The temperature ranged from 29.55 to 32.38°C, the pH ranged from
5.70 to 6.16, while the dissolved oxygen ranged from 4.99 to 5.85mg/L. The results revealed that the values of the water quality parameters throughout the experimental period did not differ significantly with each other, and these physico-chemical parameters values were within the acceptable and optimum range for the culture of African catfish (C. gariepinus).
| Treatments | T°C | pH | DO (mg/L) |
| BS 0.0% | 32.38a | 6.10a | 5.30a |
| BS 1.0% | 31.28a | 5.90a | 5.61a |
| BS 1.5% | 31.74a | 5.78a | 5.45a |
| BS 2.0% | 29.71a | 5.70a | 5.85a |
| BS 2.5% | 29.55a | 6.16a | 4.99a |
| P-values | 0.51 | 0.86 | 0.35 |
Mean with the same superscript across the same column were not significantly different (P>0.05)
Key: BS=Black seed, T= Temperature, DO= Dissolved oxygen
Table 5: Shows the water quality parameters of culture medium
In conclusion, the result of the study elucidated that the supplemental level of black seed at 1.0 to 2.5% are safe and have positive effect on the growth performance of Clarias gariepinus juvenile. The best inclusion level was at 2.5% dietary black seed. Therefore, black seed can be used as an excellent natural growth promoter in the diet of African catfish (C. gariepinus).
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International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
