AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Review Article
*Corresponding Author: Adegbite B. A, Dept. of Agricultural Education & 2Dept. of Geography. Education, Osun State College of Education Ilesa, Nigeria.
Citation: Adegbite B. A, Osuolale T. O, Arowolo A. D and Akinloye, K. F, (2024), Agro - Economic Damages and Health Risk Assessment of Dirty Gold Mining in Ife/Ijesa Land, Osun State, J, Biotechnology and Bioprocessing, 5(2); DOI:10.31579/2766-2314/141
Copyright: © 2024, Adegbite B. A. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 04 January 2024 | Accepted: 18 January 2024 | Published: 06 February 2024
Keywords: anthropogenic; biodiversity; cyanidation; ecosystem; degradation; epidemic; extractive; livelihood; mining and pollution
Practicing agriculture in a more sustainable way that enhances productivity and natural ecosystem is a task to feed the growing population. People and environment are the core aspects of sustainable production system that promote agro-ecosystem health. The practices of gold miners are extractive in nature and have enormous environmental implication, that bring about reduction in agricultural productivity due to damages done to the nature. The focus of this study is on destruction to natural ecosystem that affects agriculture and public health due to biogeochemical components of soil that is contaminated with heavy metals. Soil samples were taken purposively from eight vulnerable communities due to noticeable degradation level, analyzed for the contaminants present in the soil water with standard laboratory procedures. The results revealed wider variations in the concentration of heavy metals and other toxicants between the degraded and non-degraded forestland as control. Values of 1.07, 8.52, 42.77 and 118.71 (mg/kg) respectively for Hg, Cd, Ar, Pb in Idoijesa/Campus area. 0.64, 8.33, 32.74, 295.72 (mg/kg) for Isua while 1.33, 10.47, 21.78, 115.64 (mg/kg) obtained for Iperindo/Imogara/Odoijesa, and 2.06, 6.74, 35.75, 85.74 (mg/kg) for Ore/Iregun community. Also in Idoijesa/Campus area, Cyanide contents in degraded site has 89.64 mg/kg against 25.50 mg/kg non-degraded site, in Isua, 102.51mg/kg against 22.68 mg/kg, and 92.68 mg/kg against 21.65 mg/kg obtained for Iperindo/Imogbara/Odoijesa. The index geo-accumulation of heavy metal in the soil is significantly higher in degraded forestland. The high level of toxicants and contaminants present in the soil water is detrimental to crop yield and human food safety. A low crop growth, yield and poor health challenges are characterized with the cyanidation that takes place in grossly degraded areas for gold mining, the consequence which is high susceptibility to health challenges. However, many inhabitants in Osun state may not be saved from chronic outbreak of water born diseases if the menace continues unchecked.
Trading has been an indigenous trade mark of Ijesa people among the Yorubas in Southwest Nigeria. Though farming, still regarded as predominant occupation of Ife and Ijesa people. The fertile alluvia soil and topography of Ife/Ijesa agricultural Zone of Osun state has distinguishable quality for a sustainable production of a good number of cash crops; Cocoa, Kola nut, Oil palm, Banana and Plantain, Timber, food and vegetable crops. Others are food and arable crops such as Rice, Maize, Cocoyam, Cassava and Yam that are known for the high turn - over rate in production. Unfortunately, the available arable lands are being continually depleted by the ever increasingly human population and dirty gold mining operations that ravaged every nooks and crannies of Ife/Ijesa land. The current crisis standout clearly as the magnified impact of aggressiveness in the forest degradation becomes most important challenge of many rural communities in the study area. According to Mohammed (2022), environmental degradation is a process by which the natural environment is compromised in ways that reduce biological diversity and the general health of the environment. Sustainable land management practices coupled with land use planning is good to protect livelihoods and food security. In Ife/Ijesa environs, sources of livelihood to man have been directly and indirectly affected by environmental degradation that has left farmland and water body severely affected. Over half of available arable land in the study area is degraded from mere observation. The continuous destruction of the forest in the study area induced by aggressive gold miners has lead to migration of farmers and allows resettlement of a multitude of northern (Hausa) youths, making most vulnerable communities proliferated. This influx of expatriates and non-yoruba tribes in the zone may ignite tribal clashes in the nearest future due to massive displacement of farmers, as well as massive destruction of farmland. All the environmental factors (land, water, air and man) are depended on one another and the degradation of one factor leads to the breakdown of the other factors in nature (Ansumant, 2019). A notable river named ‘Osun’ in the state spanning 213km (132 miles) flows across five states in Southwest Nigeria, including Ekiti, Osun, Ogun, Oyo and Lagos.
Impact Assessment of Dirty Gold Mining Operations
Agriculture is one of the largest contributors to climate change and current agricultural practices are extractive in nature and have enormous environmental impact. The operations of both the controlled and uncontrolled gold mining across the study area is most destructive by human activities despite the fact that, gold mining is identified as booming business in Ife/Ijesa land. The dirty practices of gold miners are known to accelerate destruction of forestland and ecosystem with serious effect on global warming. Land degradation is one of the biggest threats to the livelihoods and food security of smallholder farmers in Nigeria. However, the gradual degradation of the environment as a result of dirty mining makes livelihood more susceptible to health hazard (Majekodunmi, 2014 and Emunze, 2021). The process of tearing down the forest to access rich gold deposit beneath the Earth crust pose extensive detrimental effect on the ecosystem. The result of relationship of human beings with the environment is attributed to atmospheric pollution and contamination, degradation of landscape, contamination of ground and surface water body, polluting surrounding water and streams with heavy metals such as Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg), Arsenic (As), Lead (Pb), and Iron (Fe) that are dangerous to human health, these elements are potential risk to environment and public health. Olasunkanmi (2022) asserted that, many pollutants are capable of damaging genetic materials (DNA) or interfering with normal cell division that resulting to birth defects in children, cancer in adult humans as well as sperm cell deformities. Many international organizations recognized environmental degradation as one of the major threats facing the planets, since humans have no other Earth to work with, and if the environment becomes irreparably compromised it could mean the end of human existence (General Multilingual Environmental Thesaurus GMET, 2021). Cyanide (CN), Mercury (Hg), and other toxicants are freely released into the environment during dirty mining operations. It is obvious that in most places, the destruction of landscape/forestland is not only limited to one or two communities but heavily noticed in several places of Ife/Ijesa that includes: Isaobi, Ido Ijesa, Odo Ijesa, Omo Ijesa, Igangan, Isua, Igila, Ipole, Ibodi, Epe, Igbade, Ore Ijesa, Idoka, Muroko, Ijana, Mongbara, Igbogi, Igun, Itagun, Iregun, Osu, Iloba communities, Kajola, Ifewara and Opa axis of Ife community. Mining sites that spread across these communities pose more risk than the control and the children are more exposed than the adults (Bwede et al., 2021). A statement credited to Hon. Commissioner for Health, according to Daily Trust 12th August, 2022 who admitted that, Osun river have been heavily contaminated with Mercury, Lead, Cyanide and other injurious elements that are poisonous to human health. Transforming our food system and helping smallholder farmers through decisive actions of stakeholders in protecting our environment is essential if we want to end poverty in our land.
Dirty Gold Mining and Health Implications
We knew we had challenges that had to be dealt with, we are losing biodiversity faster than it can regenerate, our fertile farmland is depleting faster, we are contributing to climate change, and one in every three people may likely has water born diseases due to the high rate of contamination of water body that often used domestically. Gold mining as a destructive industry, can displace community and grossly affected food production and sustainability, contaminate natural rivers or streams with Mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb), Iron (Fe) and Cyanide endangering the health of people and ecosystem (Olasunkanmi, 2022). Ozah et al. (2021) opted that gold formation involves amalgamation and Cyanidation through the use of chemical which pose expensive detrimental effect on the ecosystem and public health. Cyanide is highly toxic, and substantially harmed agriculture land and public health risk if released into environment. During the processes, the forest is completely degraded and the underground rock is exposed to new air and water which makes the Iron (Fe) and ferrous present in the rock to undergo some chemical reactions that involves oxygen (O2 ) to form Acid. However, acidic water as waste from mine site can easily seeped/spilled into soil and underground water. Acidic water is toxic to living organism just like oil spillage experienced over time in the Niger Delta states of Nigeria. Rivers and streams being the major source of water for domestic uses, become contaminated with heavy metals such as Cadmium (Cd) which causes liver disease, Arsenic (As) causes skin cancer and tumors, while Lead (Pb) and Lead poison cause disability in learning and impaired development in children. Iron makes river or streams smell of rotten egg. These metals endangering school age children and pregnancy mother. Running water are caused to carries sediments containing nutrient and heavy metal contaminants to a new location which result to eutrophication and pollution of delicate ecosystems (Bing et al. 2013). According to Olasunkanmi (2022), in March 2010 an epidemic of lead poisoning was discovered in Zamfara state, and by April 2010 death and illness became prevalent, and hundreds of children under the age of 5 years were at the risk of death. Genotoxicants are products of certain chemical reactions just like heavy metals, resulting to birth defect where children with different kinds of malfunctions and abnormalities are born. The high rate of malfunctions in children’s parts of Northern particularly Zamfara state according to Olasunkanmi (2022) is suspected to be the effect of over 10% lead content introduced into the processing Stream in 2010. Also in 2011, an estimated 400 children in Zamfara state died from lead poisoning in Bagega community and thousands more were found to have excess lead in their blood stream. The most health dangerous of heavy metal toxic is that once spillage occurs it becomes very difficult to stop leading to an increase level of acidity in the water body and can easily destroy aquatic life for generations. The constant released of cyanide into environment as a result of environmental degradation will push more than 2 million people in Osun state into poverty and serious health challenge because the process of cyanidation resulted in major fish kills, contaminated drinking water supplies and harmed agriculture land.
Statement of the Problem
In recent years, gold mining activities across Ife/Ijesa zone has been deploring, given that both controlled and uncontrolled miners and the general public has not consider the danger of this anti-environment and indiscriminate tearing of forestland. This unfriendly act has rather exposed inhabitants of the areas to series of health challenges. Is there any company with all applicable environmental laws, regulations and other obligations as established in the certified environmental impact assessment? In spite of the challenges, only one company has been identified in Osun state to have devoted appropriate concern on management of waste from mine site. The acidic water and other heavy metals as waste from mine sites can easily seeped/spilled into soil and underground water which is toxic to living organisms just like oil spillage experienced overtime in Ogoni land, where families were found drinking water from benzene contaminated well water (Olasunkanmi, 2022). Therefore, many dirty gold miners are out there handling the issue of gold ore and their waste products unprofessionally which makes not only many vulnerable communities highly susceptible to health hazards but the entire citizens of Osun state in the future. In the consequence, there is likelihood of forest destructive outstrip the existence food supply in the study area, which have negative implications on the entire population. A statement credited to the Executive Director of a Civil Society Organization (Urban Alert) Anthony Adejuwon revealed that, Geographical Information Analysis and Laboratory tests carried out by the Organization established the cause of Osun river pollution and affirmed the presence of heavy metals in the water. He further blamed the harmful contaminated of Osun river on the activities of gold mining which has put the lives of over 2 million residents of Osun state in danger (Adejuwon, 2022). (Olasunkanmi, 2022) attributed Osun river pollution to the activities of artisanal gold miners and other sources such as agricultural land use, anthropogenic activities, and industrialization. An assessment into mining activities across Ife/Ijesa zone has revealed serious threats to human health by contamination of water body, air and soil, aquatic ecosystem in the vulnerable communities is equally threatened and the resultant effects of all these, is poor and low agricultural production. It is therefore envisaged that gold mining activities in Osun state will increase geometrically while food production (Farming) increases arithmetically in progression. Who is guilty of this? There is insinuation that, most small-scale gold miners and their dirty gold practices have been common along the banks of rivers in the vulnerable communities and as a result, a wide range of rivers and hectares of rain forest are destroyed leading to a reduced level of individual participation in agriculture and food production (Adeoye, 2016). Heavy metal excessive levels are detrimental to plant growth just like Hg, Cd and Pb were reported to reduce plant growth in maize crop (Ghani, 2010). Though gold mining is booming in this part of the country; due to high gold deposit and the involvement of people in gold trading, makes agricultural labour more expensive for agricultural activities. The magnified effect on food and agricultural production is very devastating as agricultural produce from Ife/Ijesa zone would be continually reduced.
Methodology
To ascertain chemical elements responsible for contamination of soil water body as a result of continual forest degradation that affects agricultural land use, bulk soil sample were collected purposively from eight vulnerable communities. Eight soil samples from 8 communities under different degrees of forestland degradation were collected at a depth of 0 - 30 cm for degraded and non-degraded as control forestland respectively from vulnerable communities that includes: Idoijesa/Campus area, Isua, Iperindo/Imogbara/Odoijesa, and Ore/Iregun communities. The heavy metals in the samples responsible for contamination were determined by atomic absorption Spectrophotometer such as lead, mercury, arsenic, iron and cadmium, as well as cyanide (mg/kg). These were derived from each soil sampled from the laboratory analysis.
Quantification and Sample Digest
Wet digestion method was used for digestion of the soil samples. About 0.5 g of each sample was ground and accurately weighed into digestion tube. 6 ml aqua regia and 1.5 ml H2O2 added into the digestion tube which was then placed on digestive furnance (model: KDN - 20c, China) and heated at temperature of 180oc for 3 hours. All the digests were cooled and filtered through Whateman No. 24 filter paper and diluted to 50 ml by double distilled water. Each sample was digested in replicates of five and transferred to acid - washed stoppered glass bottle. The digested samples were determined for the concentrations of heavy metals using flam atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Final concentrations of the metals in the soil samples were calculated adopted (Uwah et al, 2012).
Sampling and Analysis of Cyanide
Whaeman No. 1 paper (8 x 1 cm) each were dipped into alkaline picrate solution and drained free of excess liquid. The filter paper strips were prepared under identical conditions. The samples (10 g/sample) were loaded into glass bottles and acidified with 5 ml of hot 20 % HCL solution and heated at 80oc. The bottles were sealed with 3 picrate impreginated strips suspended above the acidified samples and incubated at room temperature (28 ± 2oc) for 24 hours. The red coloured picrate paper strips were removed and rinsed in 5 ml of 50 % ethanol solution for 30 minutes, and absorbance of the solution measured at 510 nm using spectrumlab (23A Spectrophotometer). Cyanide levels of the samples were extrapolated from the standard curve (Nwokoro et al, 2009). According to Enurotu and Onianwa (2017), the extent of each heavy metal in the soil and contamination level was measured using the index of geo - accumulation (Igeo) of metals in soil.
Where: Cn = Concentration of the examined metal in the soil, βn = geochemical background of the same metal 1.5 = is the background matrix correction factor.
Heavy metal contents of soil sample of the degraded and non-degraded forestland shown in the Tables 1 and 2. The result in Table 1 revealed the concentration levels of the heavy metals in degraded forestland in order of magnitude of concentration:
Idoijesa/Campus area - Hg (1.07mg/kg) ˃ Cd (8.52mg/kg) ˃ Ar (42.77mg/kg) ˃ Pb (118.71mg/kg) ˃ Fe (2391.26mg/kg)
Isua- Hg (0.64mg/kg) ˃ Cd (8.33mg/kg) ˃ Ar (32.74mg/kg) ˃ Pb (295.72mg/kg) ˃ Fe (2103.93mg/kg)
Iperindo/Imogbara/Odoijesa - Hg (1.33mg/kg) ˃ Cd (10.47mg/kg) ˃ Ar (21.78mg/kg) ˃ Pb (115.64mg/kg) ˃ Fe (1755.23mg/kg)
Ore/Iregun - Hg (2.06mg/kg) ˃ Cd (6.74mg/kg) ˃ Ar (35.75mg/kg) ˃ Pb (85.74mg/kg) ˃ Fe (1505.83mg/kg)
Table 1: Biogeochemical Contents of Soil (mg/kg) in the Degraded Forestland.
Table 2: Biogeochemical Contents (mg/kg) of the Non-degraded Forestland.
Figures in parentheses are Index of Geo-accumulation (Igeo) of metals in soil
The maximum value for each metal followed in the same order and the results indicated that all the heavy metals are high in contents, meaning that the soil in the study area contained heavy metal contents (mg/kg) which brings about dangerous pollution of soil to justify (Makino et al. 2010).
However, the heavy metal contents of soil collected from non-degraded sites shown in Table 2 and the findings are:
Idoijesa/Campus area - Hg (0.56mg/kg) ˃ Cd (1.66mg/kg) ˃ Ar (2.61mg/kg) ˃ Pb (29.64mg/kg) ˃ Fe (1004.12mg/kg)
Isua- Hg (0.33mg/kg) ˃ Cd (2.74mg/kg) ˃ Ar (4.66mg/kg) ˃ Pb (103.70mg/kg) ˃ Fe (1235.37mg/kg)
Iperindo/Imogbara/Odoijesa - Hg (0.83mg/kg) ˃ Cd (2.43mg/kg) ˃ Ar (1.91mg/kg) ˃ Pb (74.60mg/kg) ˃ Fe (894.35mg/kg)
Ore/Iregun - Ca (0.61mg/kg) ˃ Hg (1.01mg/kg) ˃ Ar (2.12mg/kg) ˃ Pb (26.78mg/kg) ˃ Fe (235.21mg/kg)
The maximum value of each metal followed in the same order of magnitude of concentration except only for Ore/Iregun communities where Hg (0.68mg/kg) has a higher maximum value than Cd (1.01mg/kg). The findings indicated that all geochemical components of metals were far lower when compare with values in degraded forestland. Values of metals in degraded site were outrageous and may not likely to fall within the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) regulated limits, for the application of industrial waste to agriculture. Heavy concentration of metals especially Pb and Cd can result to phytotoxic, erosion and death of human being through crop consumption. An increase in contents of Cd in food crops could be of health concern if such crops are ingested.
Geometrically, increase in heavy metal content (mg/kg) was observed between the degraded and non-degraded forestland meaning that if the pace of increment continues it may lead to high toxicity of heavy metals. However, the accumulation of toxicants in farmland could lead to contamination of agricultural soil. Once the soil is contaminated it will not only affect the rapid growth of crops and yields, but poses a severe threat to living organisms. Considering the baseline, a contaminant can be regarded as a pollutant when the observed content of the contaminant is high enough to harm living organisms. The baseline of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA, 1993); is adopted for the interpretation for acceptable limits, Arsenic (0.11mg/kg), Cadmium (0.48mg/kg), Mercury (1.00mg/kg), Lead (200mg/kg) and Cyanide (10mg/kg). In order of magnitude concentration of heavy metals (mg/kg) in degraded forestland is too high and an indication that agricultural production will suffer from poor plant growth and crop yield. There is every tendency that excessive levels of heavy metals in the study areas is dentrimental to plant growth just like Hg, Cd, and Pb were proved to have reduced plant growth in maize farm (Ghani, 2110). According to Moustakes et al. (1994) high concentration of heavy metals in farmland, brings oxidative stress, damage cell tissues, and hamper photosynthetic activities in plants. Cyanide is highly toxic and can result to substantial environmental impacts and public health risk if released into environment. Specifically, cyanide spillage affects biological, physical and chemical status of the soil by inhibiting plant respiration, nutrition absorption, reducing soil pH, bacteria and fungi count in the soil (Smah et al, 2021). The presence of heavy metals, cyanide and anthropogenic wastes in the study areas will definitely bring about poor and low agricultural productivities, and the health of inhabitants is in serious danger.
Based on the spot observation and laboratory test analysis, this paper concludes that gold mining is a destructive industry which grossly impaired human health and retard agricultural activities leading to a poor and low food production system. Hence, environmental degradation is an indictment to everyone without exception in the study area.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
