Healthcare workers are exposed to various violent behaviors, such as physical violence, threats, psychological violence at their work. The experience of workplace violence is associated with various   serious health outcomes including depression, loss of self-esteem, sleep disorders, anxiety, and Lack of concentration. Therefore, this editorial is conducted to stress the worldwide predictores of violence in acute health care settings and recommendations for action

Healthcare workers are exposed to various   violent  behaviors, such as physical violence ,threats,  psychological violence at their work . The experience of workplace violence is associated with various   serious  health outcomes including depression, loss of self-esteem, sleep disorders, anxiety, and Lack of concentration.( Baig, L.; Ali, S.; Shaikh, S.; Polkowski, M,2018; Einarsen, S.; Nielsen, M,2015 ; . Dadfar, M.; Lester, D.,2021). violence  in acute care settings leads to  decreased motivation and hope among  health care  workers that result in  increased absenteeism, turnover and burnout(. Bartlett, J.; Bartlett, M.,2011 & Ferri, P.; Silvestri, M.; Artoni, C.; Di Lorenzo, R,2016).                             

    As a result, it is very important to be aware and alert for which contributing and risk factors associated with  health care workplace violence  that can  help in preventing  and moderating the violence.( Giménez-Lozano, J.; Martínez-Ramón, J.; Morales-Rodríguez, F,2021; Norton, P.; Costa, V.; Teixeira, J.; Azevedo, A.; Roma-Torres, A.; Amaro, J.; Cunha, L,2017; Otachi, J.; Robertson, H.; Okoli, C,2022). Increased  violence in acute care settings is related to demanding workloads, stress, poor communication with different categories of population ,  social and economic restraints. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 2015).                                                     

Some studies revealed  the  principal factors that lead to the increased  incidence of violence against healthcare workers such as prolonged working hours, the pace and intensity of work, emotional demands, poor working relations , interpersonal conflicts and a lack of information  that can cause violent behaviour.( Berlanda, S.; Pedrazza, M.; Fraizzoli, M.; Cordova, F,2019; Howard, P.,2010; . Hahn, S.; Müller, M.; Hantikainen, V.; Kok, G.; Dassen, T.; Halfens, R.,2013; LeBlanc, M.; Kelloway, E.K,2002).   Therefore, the main objective of this editorial is to briefly mention the associations between risk factors and violent behaviors, notably  physical violence, and psychological violence . As well, it aims to mention the recommendation measures   that should be taken reduce workplace violence and manage interventions in acute healthcare settings.

Safety measures for avoiding and managing workplace violence among health workers have been described in different health care settings.( Gillespie GL, Gates DM, Miller M, Howard PK,2010). However, the nature of workplace violence differs between parts of the health sector as well as between cultures and countries.( Lau JB, Magarey J, Wiechula R.,2012 & . Lau JB, Magarey J, Wiechula R.,2012). safety measures  has previously been described in various studies   but there is little knowledge about the actual benefits of these measures. The lack of research on strategies which might reduce or prevent workplace violence against  health care workers has also been pointed out elsewhere.( Kowalenko T, Cunningham R, Sachs CJ, Gore R, Barata IA, Gates D, et al.,2012). The research finding  of  a  study done by  Morken et al.,2015   suggested that important organizational factors in dealing with workplace violence are minimizing the risk of working alone, preparing the personnel for violent situations, reducing the mismatch between patient expectations and services offered, and providing support in the follow-up of incidents.                                                                                 

To facilitate the recognition of possible and feasible interventions, a bundle   of key issues were recognized. These include risk management, supplying  of adequate  and efficient staffing, rapid incidence  response, reinforcing  the patients' dignity as well as healthcare providers, , managing the risk of violent patients, collaboration, the design of acute care setting  environments, consultation and coordination across the hospital settings system, and the public's behaviors towards health care team  members . It is advised that these issues be the prompt focus of future recommendations made to promote work-related violence preventive and management measures in acute health care settings. (Paul M. Salmon, Lauren J. Coventon, Gemma J. M.,2021).                             

Restraining and limiting  the  violence in a health care workplace starts  with an extensive  review of the current security measures in place, including video surveillance and available  control technology. Next , to review  the policies  to follow in workplace violence to delineate  whether they are still effective or require  to be updated.  Moreover , Security measures, policies and incident reports should be reviewed every year. Security industry association .Moreover,   All staff, police members , security personnel, social workers, psychological services, physicians, nurses and others – should be cross-trained on how to respond to workplace violence and be required to attend an annual updating course. They should also attend intervention courses  to assist  them recognize warning signs of potential violence.( Security industry association ( SIA),2017)

On the same line, Security industry association (2017) recommended other measures that  the health care workers  can execute to restrict the  workplace violence including : Promoting respect – reinforcing  an attitude of respect and thoughtfulness for others can often weaken  the violent behavior, objects that could be used in sudden violent attack  should be secured or removed. Working as a team should be followed  during a crisis; no person should be left alone. All health care workers as well as employee have a right to work in a facility that is free from violence. By following these safety recommendations  effectively enforcing workplace violence prevention policies, and training  all the staff in how to recognize and respond  to violent situations, health care facilities can reduce the dangers  to their patients, staff and visitors.