Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2640-1045/077
*Corresponding Author: Sanjeev Kumar, Department of Zoology, B.M. College, Rahika (L.N. Mithila University Darbhanga), India.
Citation: N. K. Prasad, S Kumar, K Shachi. (2021) Therapeutic Efficacy of Ficus Glomerata Leaves in Alloxan Monohydrate Induced Type-1 Diabetes in Albino Rats. Endocrinology and Disorders. 5(4): Doi:10.31579/2640-1045/077
Copyright: © 2021 Sanjeev Kumar. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 23 June 2021 | Accepted: 06 July 2021 | Published: 09 July 2021
Keywords: blood glucose; insulin; ficus glomerata leaves; diabetes
Present study was aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic efficacy of Ficus glomerata in Alloxan monohydrate induced albino rats. Oral administration of fresh Ficus glomerataleaves (2 - 4 g/day) for 60 days shows significant blood glucose lowering effect in experimental alloxan induced diabetic rats. These diabetic rats blood glucose level became normal when fed with Ficus glomerata leaves. It is amply revealed that fresh Ficus glomerata indica leaves possessed anti-diabetic properties. The results suggest that statistically significant anti-diabetic potential in alloxan monohydrate induced diabetic rats. The Ficus glomerata leaves to be almost similar effect like insulin treatment in alloxan monohydrate administered animal model. From the present investigation it appeared that Ficus glomerata leaves might have some ingredients to increase the output of insulin by binding to the receptors of the Beta cells of the Langerhans located in the pancreas. Once they bind to the Sulphonyl urea receptors, the K+ -ATP channels are probably closed and therefore the membrane is depolarized and insulin production is stimulated.
Diabetes mellitus, increased blood sugar level, not only common disease, but creates several problems in humans body like retinopathy, angiopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, cardiomyopathy etc [1]. Gradually increasing order of this disease affects the present society, for that medical sciences is busy to search some positive technology by which this abnormality can be easily removed. The current allopathic therapies till face difficulty on way to cure diabetes or minimize blood glucose levels due to severe side effects associated with the use of allopathic medicine.
Herbal therapies, an alternative system, with its champion power to reduced blood glucose levels. It has been matter of concern from time immemorial several plant extracts are know for their anti-diabetic properties and are being used for the traditional treatment of diabetes due to low cost, easily availability and lesser side effects [2]. Ficus glomerata extracts have also been reported to possess significant medicinal and pharmacological properties like hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, hypoglycemic, anti-microbial and anti-ulcer activities [3].
Aim of the Study
The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of Ficus glomerata leaves on blood glucose in normal and alloxan diabetic rats given after successful establishment of type-1 diabetes to examine its role as therapeutic efficacy and to see its influence, if any prevention of the type-1 diabetes.
Materials and Methods
Plant materials Ficus glomerata leaves were collected from ruler area of Darbhanga, India.
Albino rats (175 - 210g) were used as experimental animals. All animals are procured from local supplier of animals. The albino rats are acclimatized for 10 days. All animals were fed with rodent pellet diet. Water was allowed to ad-libitum under strict hygienic condition.
Induction of Diabetes: Fasting blood glucose was determined after depriving food for 12 hours. Diabetes was induced by single intra-peritoneal injection of (150 mg/kg body weight) alloxan monohydrate sterile saline. Alloxan is a toxic glucose analogue which selectively destroys insulin producing cells in pancreas. This causes insulin dependent diabetes mellitus called “alloxan diabetes” [4].
Experimental design
Group A- Normal rats
Group B- Diabetic control
Group C-Alloxan+ Insulin treatment group
Group D- Alloxan+Ficus glomerata leaves treatment group
72 hours of alloxan monohydrate injection the diabetic rats (blood glucose levels greater than 270 mg/dl) were separated. Treatment was started except normal rats and diabetic control rats. During experimental period, animals in all groups were given to standard water and pellet diet. Blood glucose were monitored by digital glucometer.
A marked rise in fasting blood glucose level were observed when compared to normal control rats. Anti- hyperglycemic activity was observed in Ficus glomerata leaves fed rats on 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th days post treatment. However anti- hyperglycemic effect of Ficusglomerata leaves was found less effective than that of insulin treatment group.The results of the present study indicated that Ficus glomerata leaves do have the property to reduce the blood glucose. Alloxan monohydrate induce free radical production and causes tissue injury. The pancreas are susceptible to such damage. It appears that Ficus glomerata leaves have tissue protective function. However, stimulation of beta cells and subsequent release of insulin cannot ruled out in this regard. Estimation of insulin level, here might give insight into the mechanism. Nevertheless, there is no doubt in the Ficus glomerata leaves have therapeutic effect on blood glucose level. To elucidate the mechanism of action and to project this Indian champion plant as an therapeutic target, further investigation are needed
Mondal et al [5] has reported that Ficus glomerata leaf extract, subsequent increase in uptake of blood glucose and its utilization may be another mechanism of action of the extract.
Mohini. et al [6] also demonstrated that ethanolic extract ofF. Glomerata root in diabetic rats. Present investigation suggested hypoglycemic effects of Ficus glometata leaves in diabetic condition rats. Ficus glomerata leaves has been widely used for curing various ailments due to its tremendous potential. The present study will be helpful in establishing a scientific basis for therapeutic uses of the plant leaves of Ficus glomerata. However much more studies are still required to explore other potential of this plant leaves.
Conclusion
This research appears that Ficus glomerata leaves works as anti-diabetic agent. So, this plant leaves will be helpful in treating the diabetes in ruler India due to low cost, easily availability and lesser side effects associated with the use of this plant leaves.
Acknowledgement
The authors are thankful to Head, University Department of Zoology, L.N. Mithila University Darbhanga, India for the lab facilities provided. The authors are also thankful to Mr. Dinesh Munot Explicit Chemical Pvt. Ltd. Pune for providing free sample of Alloxan monohydrate for the present investigation.
Dr. N.K. Dubey, Retd. Prof. P.G Department of Zoology, L.N. Mithila University Darbhanga, India thankfully acknowledged for their kind cooperation during present investigation.
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