AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Review Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-8794/160
*Corresponding Author: Neslihan LOK, Selcuk University, Faculty of Nursing, Konya, Turkey.
Citation: Neslihan LOK, Büşra KAYAASLAN, (2023), The Use of Problem-Solving Therapy in Psychiatric Problems in Adolescents, Clinical Medical Reviews and Reports, 5(2); DOI:10.31579/2690-8794/160
Copyright: © 2023, Neslihan Lok. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 06 April 2023 | Accepted: 19 April 2023 | Published: 30 April 2023
Keywords: adolescents; psychiatric nursing; psychiatric problems; problem-solving therapy
For a healthy development, individuals must have completely completed their own developmental stages in each period. Adolescence, which is one of these developmental periods, is a different and special period, separate from childhood and adulthood, in which many basic developmental characteristics are acquired. It is stated that psychiatric symptoms and disorders seen in adult life begin in early ages and the problem continues over the years. Problem-solving therapy is one of the methods that is increasingly used in the treatment of mental problems in adolescents today. For this reason, it is important in terms of eliminating the negative effects of the problems they encounter in adolescence and facilitating them to cope effectively by increasing their resilience to the problems in question.
People go through developmental periods that differ from each other in terms of quality, such as infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age, which are successive from birth to the end of life. All these periods are part of a whole. For a healthy development, individuals must have completely completed their own developmental stages in each period. Adolescence, which is one of these developmental periods, is a different and special period, separate from childhood and adulthood, in which many basic developmental characteristics are acquired (Öztop, 2012). In this process, adolescents have many tasks to be accomplished. These; undertaking self-care through physical development; development of a pleasing, realistic body image in response to maturation changes; coping with emerging aggressive and sexual urges; development of individualization and autonomy by separation from parents; identification and reinforcement of professional goals, sexual and ethnic values; developing satisfying peer relationships and developing a romantic relationship with an appropriate partner in late adolescence (Gestsdottir & Lerner, 2008; Öztop 2012; Young et al., 1995). Achieving all these challenging tasks and trying to complete the process can make adolescents more vulnerable to psychiatric disorders (Paus et al., 2008). It is stated that psychiatric symptoms and disorders seen in adult life begin in early ages and the problem persists over the years (Hinshaw, 2013; Kessler et al., 2005). Many psychology theories argue that pathologies seen in adulthood are caused by childhood problems (Hinshaw, 2013). For this reason, it is important to have more information about psychiatric disorders seen in childhood and adolescence in terms of explaining adult psychopathology. In recent years, research on adolescence has begun to develop. In addition to the normal development in adolescence, studies of psychopathology in adolescence are increasing significantly in the literature (Cicchetti & Rogosch, 2002). Problem-solving therapy (CCT) is one of the methods that is increasingly used in the treatment of mental problems in adolescents today (Alpaslan & Erol, 2016). Scientific studies show that inadequacies in individuals' problem-solving skills in the face of problems are causal in both the emergence and maintenance of psychopathologies (Eskin, 2009; Eskin, 2013; Nezu & Nezu, 2009). For this reason, CDT is important in terms of eliminating the negative effects of the problems they encounter in adolescence and facilitating them to cope effectively by increasing their resilience to the problems in question (Eskin, 2011). In this article, common psychiatric problems in adolescence and research examples on the effectiveness of problem-solving therapy on adolescents are discussed, and the results of the research are discussed.
Psychiatric Issues in Adolescents
There are more biological, psychological and social role changes during adolescence than any other phase of life except infancy. Due to the intense changes and developments in adolescence, it can be seen that adaptive behavior turns into maladaptive behavior. Epidemiological studies show that the prevalence and incidence of psychiatric problems in adolescence increase (Hickie et al., 2007). It is stated that approximately 10-25% of adolescent individuals exhibit serious mental disorders and psychiatric disorders in adulthood begin in this period (Kim Cohen et al., 2003; Romano et al., 2001). The onset of substance abuse, social phobia, major depression, eating disorders and panic disorder occurs during adolescence (Costello et al., 2006). In a study conducted by Akdemir and Çuhadaroğlu Çetin (2008), it was stated that female adolescents applied to the child psychiatry outpatient clinic with somatic complaints and suicide attempts, while male adolescents applied to the child psychiatry clinic due to lack of attention and mobility. During adolescence, behavioral problems such as anxiety and depression and problems in social relations are common in girls (Gilbert et al., 2006).
In adolescents, the incidence of depressive symptoms is higher in girls, but the incidence is up to 20% (Hoffman et al., 2003). Restlessness, introversion, boredom, loss of interest in friends and activities, overeating and sleeping, falling in school success, loneliness, psychomotor slowdown, decreased attention, feeling of being disliked, suicidal thoughts or attempts can be seen (Ağaoğlu, 2008; Yorgun, 2021). In the study of Gould et al. (2003), it is stated that 90% of adolescents who attempt suicide have psychiatric problems, and depression, conduct disorder and substance use are the three most common disorders in completed suicides, respectively. Even if most of them do not attempt suicide, a mental problem is almost accompanied by self-mutilation (Miller, 2007). Another psychiatric problem that usually begins in adolescence is eating disorders. Eating disorders show a significant gender difference and are 6-10 times more common in girls (APA, 2006). Eating disorders are a diagnosis that includes the atypical forms of these two syndromes, especially bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa, and binge eating disorder (Gürdal Küey, 2008). In bulimia nervosa, inappropriate behaviors such as using diuretics and laxatives, self-induced vomiting and excessive exercise are observed in order to avoid weight gain after binge eating. Anorexia nervosa, on the other hand, is characterized by a distorted desire to have a weak body, fear of gaining weight, and having a distorted body image. In individuals, these conditions should be distinguishable from dietary habits and organic conditions (APA, 2006; Gürdal Küey, 2008; Moser & Bober, 2011).
Considering the mental problems in male adolescents, problems in school and work life, antisocial and violent externalizing behavior problems (oppositional disorder, conduct disorder, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder) are more common (Laukkanen et al., 2010). Oppositional Defiant Disorder (OCD) is reported to vary between 2% and 16% in adolescents and is more common in boys than girls (Akyol Ardıç et al., 2016; Karatoprak & Özcan, 2019; Öztop 2012). ODD is a chronic disorder. Although many developmental, psychological, biological and social factors play a role in its etiology, a definite factor cannot be shown. It is stated that genetic factors are responsible for 40-60% (Karatoprak & Özcan, 2019; Moser & Bober, 2011; Öztop, 2012). ODD is characterized by behavioral problems in which there are conflicts with parents, teachers, siblings and friends (Akyol Ardıç et al., 2016; Karatoprak & Özcan, 2019; Öztop 2012). Another psychiatric disorder in adolescents is conduct disorder. Conduct disorder is a disorder in which behaviors such as physical aggression, damage to property, lying or theft, and serious violation of rules are seen (Akyol Ardıç et al., 2016; İşeri & Şener, 2014). Its prevalence varies between 6-16% in boys under the age of 18, and 2-9% in girls (Öztop, 2012). Behaviors such as lying, damaging behaviors, stealing, running away from home and school can result in deterioration in academic achievement, inappropriate sexual acts, unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases, delinquency, and suicide (Akyol Ardıç et al., 2016; İşeri & Şener, 2014; Öztop, 2012; Tired, 2021). Other problems that can be seen in adolescence; exam anxiety, traumatic life experiences and sleep problems. Delayed sleep phase syndrome and sleep deprivation are common sleep disorders in adolescents. Smoking and caffeine use, environmental stimuli, and changing biological circadian rhythm in adolescents may prevent falling asleep (Moser & Bober, 2011).
Problem Solving Therapy
Problem solving therapy (CCT) is a treatment method that can be used to solve some mental states that arise as a result of people's difficulties or problems in their daily lives (Eskin, 2011). The main purpose of therapy is to teach individuals how to approach the problems they encounter and the ways and strategies to be followed in order to solve the problems (Eskin, 2013). CDT aims to both prevent the emergence of psychological distress in the face of problems and to treat the mental distress caused by the problems (Eskin et al., 2008).
CDT is a cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy method. Cognitive behavioral psychotherapy approaches are among the empirically supported psychotherapies (Borkovec & Castonguay, 1998). CDT is seen as a psychological treatment approach that is empirically supported (Eskin, 2011; Nezu & Nezu, 2001). Problem-solving therapy is very flexible to use. This flexibility in its use enables CDT to address many problems in different ways. CDT can be applied in three different ways. These application methods can be in the form of individual, group or telephone and internet applications (Eskin 2011; Eskin, 2013; Nezu, 2004). As a cognitive behavioral intervention, problem-solving therapy or training (D'Zurilla et al., 1971; Nezu & Nezu, 2001) is often used to reduce levels of psychological distress (Allen et al., 2002; Eskin et al., 2008; Nezu). & Perri, 1989; Mynors Wallis et al., 2000; Sahler et al., 2002). Problem-solving training also includes studies on suicide (Eskin et al., 2008; Salkovskis et al., 1990), depression (Bell & D'Zurilla, 2009; Alexopoulos et al., 2011), and schizophrenia (Falloon, 2000, Falloon et al.)., 2007) in severe mental health problems, individuals with psychological problems who apply to primary health care services with somatic complaints, and patients with mental problems that develop as well as medical disorders (Eskin 2011; Eskin, 2013; Nezu, 2004).
CDT is used in two ways in general. The first of these is for the purpose of treatment. In this form of usage, it is used to eliminate the problem that individuals encounter in life, and to eliminate the mental distress that the situation gives to the person. In the second type of use, the problem encountered has not yet given any trouble to the individual. In this case, the purpose of use is to prevent the possible negative psychological effects of the problems faced by the individual. At the same time, this form of use also aims to increase the endurance of individuals (Eskin et al., 2008; Eskin 2011). The main treatment goals of CDT include the adoption of an adaptive worldview or the effective implementation of certain problem-solving behaviors (e.g., planned problem solving, emotional regulation and management) (Eskin, 2013). CDT has been conceptualized and implemented both as a psychotherapy system and as a short, skill-oriented training program (problem solving skills training) (Nezu & Nezu, 2009). Reviewing the literature, many researchers and clinicians have adapted this model to treat a wide variety of psychological problems and patient populations. Notable examples include adults with various medical conditions requiring care (eg, traumatic brain injury) (Bucher et al., 2001; Rivera et al., 2008; Wade et al., 2011); geriatric depression (Areán et al, 1993; Areán et al, 2010); depressed adults (Ell et al., 2008; Ell et al., 2010); persons with mental retardation (Nezu et al., 1991); adults with personality disorders (Huband et al., 2007; McMurran et al., 2008); generalized anxiety disorder (Dugas et al, 2003; Provencher et al., 2004); primary care patients (Barrett et al., 2001; MynorsWallis et al., 2000); There are adults who suffer from a variety of chronic diseases, including cancer (Allen et al., 2002; Nezu et al., 2003) and diabetes (Hill-Briggs & Gemmell, 2007; Glasgow et al., 2004). The primary basis for such adaptations includes the hypothesis that the targeted problem is significantly associated with ineffective problem solving in real life (Nezu et al., 2004; Nezu & Nezu, 2010).
Problem Solving Therapy and Studies Related to Adolescents
When the literature is examined, it is seen that CDT is applied as problem solving therapy or problem solving skills training in adolescents (D'Zurilla et al., 1971; Nezu & Nezu, 2001). When the literature is examined, it is generally used to reduce psychological distress levels (Allen et al., 2002; Eskin et al., 2008; Mynors Wallis et al., 2000; Nezu & Perri, 1989; Sahler et al., 2002) as well as suicide (Eskin et al., 2002). et al., 2008; Salkovskis et al., 1990), depression (Alexopoulos et al., 2011; Bell & D'Zurilla, 2009) and schizophrenia (Falloon, 2000; Falloon et al., 2007). is used.
Eskin et al. (2008) studied the effectiveness of problem-solving therapy in the treatment of depression and suicidal potential in adolescents and young adults in a randomized controlled study with 46 individuals diagnosed with major depression. Individual CDT was applied to the intervention group (27 individuals), consisting of a total of 6 sessions, with an average of 38 minutes, once a week. No intervention was made in the control group (19 individuals). In their study, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Suicide Probability Scale, Problem Solving Inventory, Interpersonal Behavior Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Therapeutic Alliance (Agreement) Scale designed by the author were used. According to the results of the study, according to the Beck Depression Inventory, 77.8% of individuals who received CDT at the level of depression after treatment achieved full or partial recovery, while only 15.8% of individuals in the control group achieved only partial recovery. According to the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores, 96.3% of the participants who received CDT achieved full or partial recovery, while only 21.1% of the control group achieved this. Findings from the study show that improvements in depression persisted over a 12-month follow-up period. While it was found that the participants in the CDT had a decrease in their suicide risk scores after treatment, there was no change in the suicide risk scores of the participants in the control group. In addition, it was found that the group receiving problem-solving therapy increased their self-esteem, self-confidence, and interpersonal relationships after therapy compared to before therapy. In a meta-analysis by Bell and D'Zurilla (2009) examining the effectiveness of problem-solving therapy for depression, the results of approximately 20 studies were evaluated. It has been determined that problem-solving therapy in depression has the same effect as other psychosocial therapies and medical treatments, and is more effective than the control group in which no intervention was made.
Yildiz and Eşkisu (2011) conducted their experimental studies with 20 adolescent individuals with pretest-posttest control group in order to examine the effectiveness of the training program designed to develop problem solving skills. In their study, they used the Problem Solving Inventory as a measurement tool. In the study, while the experimental group (10 individuals) was given a program to improve problem solving skills, which lasted for 6 weeks and for 90 minutes per week, no intervention was made for the control group (10 individuals). As a result of the study, it was found that there was an increase in the problem-solving skills of the individuals who participated in the training.
Problem solving training in male adolescents conducted by Öztaban and Adana (2015); The quasi-experimental study with a control group, in which the effect on problem solving skills, interpersonal relationship style and anger control was examined, consisted of the study group (34 individuals), the control group with intervention (50 individuals) and the control group without intervention (63 individuals). Problem Solving Inventory, Multidimensional Anger Scale and Interpersonal Relationship Style Scale were used as measurement tools in their study. The students in the study group were given an eight-session psychoeducational problem solving skills training created by the author; The applied control group was given a training consisting of 8 sessions on the characteristics of adolescence that would have a placebo effect, and no intervention was applied to the control group. At the end of the 8-week training, post-test measurements were taken by applying the Problem Solving Inventory, Multidimensional Anger Scale and Interpersonal Relationship Style Scale, which were given to the students in the study, interventional control and non-interventional control groups at the start. All three groups were followed up after 3 months and 6 months, and the scales were applied again. As a result of the research, it is stated that the problem-solving education group program applied to male adolescents is effective in the development of students' problem-solving skills, contributes to the development of anger control and positive development of interpersonal relations, and this effect continues and increases for a long time.
Conclusion
Adolescence can be defined as a very important period for detecting psychological disorders. Psychiatric problems experienced during adolescence also affect the later life of individuals. Overcoming the problems that have not been achieved in this period is usually more difficult to achieve in the later periods. Therefore, psychiatric disorders seen in adolescence should be taken into consideration and necessary interventions should be made in a timely manner. CDT is a very flexible therapy method that can be used in the form of individual and group therapy in adolescents. In conclusion, the results obtained from the literature and all the studies examined show that problem-solving therapy is an effective and acceptable treatment method for emotional and psychiatric problems in adolescents.
Although the number of studies in the scientific literature on adolescence has increased considerably, it is seen that the number of published studies on development and psychopathology in adolescence is low. For this reason, it can be suggested that nurses, who are effective in all areas of society, give more place to problem-solving therapy in their scientific studies and that problem-solving skills training should be included in the educational life of adolescents.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
