AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Review Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2766-2314/068
1 Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Pathological Physiology named after D.A. Maslakova Grodno State Medical University, Repablic of Belarus.
2 Faculty of Foreign Students of Pediatrics Medicine Grodnok Statek Medical University, Republic of. Belarus.
*Corresponding Author: Lizaveta I. Bon, Candidate of biological science, assistant professor of pathophysiology department named D.A. Maslakov, Grodno State Medical University, and Republic of. Belarus.
Citation: Bon Elizaveta I, Bellanage Tharushi V (2022) The Usage of Lysosomal Antibodies during the Study of Lysosome Structure and Functions: A Review. J, Biotechnology and Bioprocessing 3(2); DOI: 10.31579/2766-2314/068
Copyright: © 2022, Lizaveta I. Bon, This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 26 November 2021 | Accepted: 10 December 2021 | Published: 05 January 2022
Keywords: lysosome, lysosomal antibody, lysosomal marker, autophagy
Lysosomes are involved in cellular waste degradation and recycling, along with cellular signaling and energy metabolism. Lysosomal storage disorders occur due to the abnormality in genes which are encoding lysosomal proteins. This work aims to emphasize the usage of different lysosomal antibodies during the study of the structure and functions of lysosomes and the investigation of different types of pathological diseases related to lysosomal functions. This may present the characteristics of those antibodies according to a classification that mainly depends on the localization of their targets.
The lysosome is an intracellular organ with an acidic interior due to the presence of acidic hydrolases and membrane proteins [3]. They are going to be found in most of the all-being cells. Lysosomes appear as dense bodies among the cytoplasm, typically as a perinuclear pattern. Lysosomes are restricted by a phospholipid-bilayer. It has high carbohydrate content, because of heavily glycosylated lysosomal membrane proteins. There are twenty-five lysosomal membrane proteins are acknowledged. To protect the membrane of the lysosome from the lytic enzymes within the lysosome, glycosylation of the lysosomes at their luminal, domains form the glycocalyx. And additionally, lysosomes contain Intra lysosomal membranes, wherever the membrane degradation happens.
The acidic setting of the lysosome maintained by the lysosomal v-ATPase, combined with a pantheon of luminal hydrolases, leads to an organelle that is fitted to the breakdown [2] of major macromolecules, together with lipids, polysaccharides, and proteins. After degradation, free fatty acids, monosaccharides, and amino acids are transported to the cytoplasm using specific permeases and reused in the anabolic process. [2].
Lysosome biogenesis models are classified into two types: "kiss and run" and "hybrid." "In the "kiss and run" model, late endosomes deliver their contents to lysosomes via transient fusion events, whereas in the "hybrid" model, late endosomes and lysosomes fuse completely to form hybrid organelles, and lysosomes are then formed via selective retrieval of late endosomal components from the hybrid organelles." [4]
All eukaryotes have autophagy, which is a lysosome-based breakdown mechanism. Autophagosomes are double-membrane vesicles that form during autophagy. It engulfs intracellular materials, including cytosol, and then merges with the lysosome to form the autolysosome, a hybrid organelle that degrades the absorbed intracellular contents [13].
The important role of lysosomes in the normal functioning of the cell suggests the need to study them in the modeling of experimental pathology. For this, there are a number of molecular markers characterizing the functions of lysosomes
Lysosome marker antibodies will help researchers better understand the structure and function of lysosomes. Lysosome markers can help researchers figure out what role (or roles) a protein plays in a variety of tasks involving or controlled by the lysosome. Furthermore, lysosome marker antibodies are utilized to follow the fusion of the lysosome with the autophagosome just before the autolysosome contents are degraded. Antibodies to lysosome markers are designed to reliably identify the primary cell organ targets. It is separated into two groups based on the location of those objectives[12]. When tracking lysosomal proteins via lysosomal antibodies, we can use either western blot, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, or the ELISA method.
1) Lysosomal membrane markers
Before autolysosome breakdown, lysosomal membrane markers are utilized to track fusion with the autophagosome. Molecular Probes for finding and tracking lysosomal membranes made with red or green fluorescent proteins.
2) Markers for Lysosomal Contents
Acidic organelles are targeted at nanomolar concentrations using molecular probes that permeate cells. They are available in several colors, including deep red, to enable multiplexing with other fluorescent markers.
1) ATG5 Antibody
The protein ATG5 is a key component of autophagy and may play a role in the apoptotic process. It contributes to mitochondrial quality maintenance after oxidative damage, negative modulation of the innate antiviral immune response and lymphocyte growth and proliferation, MHC II antigen presentation, and adipocyte differentiation. By interacting with the Fast-associated protein with a death domain, it induces autophagic cell death.
APG5 could play a role in the apoptotic process, possibly through the cytoskeleton's modification. The ATG5-ATG12 conjugate forms a cup-shaped separation membrane that detaches from the membrane shortly before or shortly after autophagosome formation. Innate immune response proteins including RIG-I and VISA (also known as IPS-1) bind with the compound, suppressing type I interferon production and allowing virus multiplication in host cells. Spinocerebellar ataxia is one of the diseases linked to ATG5 malfunction.
In Atg5 mutant cells, maintaining cells in a low pH buffer reduces intracellular pH and restores late endosome/lysosome biogenesis. Due to decreased recruitment of a V1-ATPase subunit to acidic organelles, late endosomal components are recovered from hybrid organelles, resulting in an acidic organelle pH increase. As a result, the retromer is unable to extract late endosomal particles from hybrid cell organelles since it is pH-dependent. [5]. As a result, Atg5 regulates late endosome and lysosome biogenesis by modulating lysosomal pH. [4, 5].
2) ATG12 Antibody
ATG12, a member of the autophagy protein family, forms a conjugate with ATG5 that exhibits ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3)-like activity in autophagy for protein lipidation. This compound also binds to innate immune response proteins including RIG-I and VISA, which inhibits type I interferon production while allowing viral replication in host cells. In the presence of ATG7, ATG12 has been demonstrated to interact with ATG10 in human embryonic kidney cells. There are at least two ATG12 isoforms identified. Autophagy, the process of bulk breakdown of cellular proteins via an autophagosomic-lysosomal route, is essential for normal cell growth control and may be impaired in tumor cells. It aids in the maintenance of cellular resources during fasting as well as the proper cycling of cytosolic components. TOR (Target of Rapamycin) inhibits this process by phosphorylating the autophagy protein APG1 [17].
3) Beclin 1 Antibody
Beclin 1 is essential for autophagy. It is a key member of the PI3K complex, which is responsible for the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. Different PI3K complex forms are thought to have a function in multiple membrane trafficking pathways: PI3KC3-C1 is engaged in autophagosome induction, while PI3KC3-C2 is involved in autophagosome maturation and endocytosis. Beclin 1 is also involved in antiviral host defense [18].
Beclin 1 Antibody in IHC
To identify breast cancer and liver cancer, we can use Beclin1 monoclonal antibody Immunohistochemical examination of paraffin-embedded tissues, followed by DAB staining.
4) LC3B Antibody
“In humans, LC3B (Autophagy Marker Light Chain 3B)is encoded by the MAP1LC3B (Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B) gene. LC3B is required for neurogenesis and is involved in microtubule assembly. According to recent research, LC3B plays an important part in autophagy, a process that includes the mass destruction of cytoplasmic components." [7] Three human LC3 isoforms undergo post-translational modifications during autophagy. Macroautophagy is the primary inducible process for complete cytoplasmic turnover in eukaryotic cells. The development of double-membrane-bound autophagosomes that enclose the cytoplasmic substance to be eliminated characterizes it. The creation of double-membrane-bound autophagosomes that enclose the cytoplasmic constituent to be destroyed in a membrane-bound structure before fusing with the lysosome is termed macroautophagy [13]. LC3B is a microtubule-associated protein that helps microtubules bind with cytoskeleton components physically. LC3B may affect cancer, aging, metabolic and neurological illnesses, as well as cardiovascular and pulmonary ailments.
Therefore, the ATG5, ATG12, Beclin1, and LC3B antibodies that are mentioned above can be classified as autophagy-related antibodies.
5) CD34 Antibody
CD34 is a highly glycosylated monomeric surface protein identified on many stem cells. CD34 may act as a surface receptor that governs the adhesion, differentiation, and proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and other progenitors via receptor-mediated endocytosis. CD34 expression is assumed to reflect a specific stage of hematopoietic development in both in vitro and in vivo situations, with altered adhering qualities and expanding and differentiating capabilities [6]. CD34 may function as a scaffold for lineage-specific glycan binding, allowing stem cells to attach to lectins produced by stromal cells or other bone marrow components. CD34 is thought to help selectins recognize carbohydrate ligands. The intracellular chain of the CD34 antigen is phosphorylated by active protein kinase C, indicating a possible role in signal transduction.CD34 deficiency is linked to two diseases: dermatofibrosarcoma and neurofibroma.
6) CD63 Antibody
The tetraspanin glycoprotein CD63 (LAMP-3, lysosome-associated membrane protein-3) is found in various cell types' late endosomes and secretory vesicles. CD63 can also be detected in the plasma membrane after a cell has been triggered. The presence of CD63, on the other hand, does not entail mast cell activation. Melanoma and Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome are two diseases that have been associated with CD63. During platelet activation, CD63 is a glycoprotein that is expressed on activated platelets. ME491, a melanoma antigen, and PTLGP40, a platelet antigen, are all synonymous with CD 63.
7) CD68 Antibody
CD68 (Macrosialin) is a 110-kDa integral membrane glycoprotein found in monocytes and macrophages' lysosomes, as well as dendritic cells and peripheral blood granulocytes. CD68 may be engaged in phagocytic activities such as intracellular lysosomal metabolism and extracellular cell-cell and cell-pathogen interactions in tissue macrophages. CD68 is indicated by tonsil reticulocytes, histiocytic lymphoma, acute myeloid leukemia, and granulocyte sarcoma. A variety of human malignancies, including Acute Myeloid Leukemia, have been revealed to have enhanced CD68 expression on CD34+ cells[21].
8) CXCR4 Antibody
CXCR4 is a member of the G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor family that serves as a co-receptor for X4 HIV-1 entrance into CD4+ cells. CXCR4 has been identified as a co-receptor for HIV-2 binding to CD4 via envelope glycoprotein 120, promoting Env-mediated virus fusion. CXCR4 can potentially act as the sole receptor for HIV-2 binding to CD4 host cells in some situations [22].CXCR4 is a C-X-C chemokine CXCL12/SDF-1 signaling receptor that increases intracellular calcium ion levels and activates MAPK1/MAPK3.CXCR4 is an extracellular ubiquitin receptor that increases the rise of intracellular calcium ions while decreasing cellular cAMP levels. [10]. CXCR4 is also involved in hematopoiesis and the creation of the heart ventricular septum, as well as playing a critical part in gastrointestinal vascularization, most likely via controlling vascular branching and/or remodeling events in endothelial cells. CXCR4 is implicated in cerebellar development and may affect hippocampal-neuron survival in the CNS. CXCR4 binds to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and mediates the inflammatory response generated by LPS, including monocyte TNF production. CXCR4 antibodies prevent HIV-1 and HIV-2 from fusing and infecting human target cells. HIV binding sites are found in CXCR4's amino-terminal domain and second extracellular loop.
9) LAMP 1 Antibody
LAMP1 (lysosome-associated membrane protein-1) and LAMP-2 are important components of the lysosomal membrane, and 1-2 percent of total CD107a is also detected on the plasma membrane[25]. LAMP1 is a highly glycosylated membrane protein with a putative signal peptide, 18 N-linked glycosylation sites, a single membrane-spanning region, and a short cytosolic tail. The LAMP proteins are involved in lysosome formation and are necessary for lysosome-phagosome fusion[24]. LAMP1 is an integral membrane protein of type 1 that travels from the trans-Golgi network to endosomes and finally to lysosomes LAMP1 translocation to the plasma membrane is dependent on a carboxyl-terminal tyrosine-based motif after cell activation. Cell surface LAMP1 (and LAMP2) have been demonstrated to increase human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) adhesion to vascular endothelium, suggesting that they may be involved in PBMC adherence to the site of inflammation. LAMP1 positivity is increased in neurons and glial cells surrounding senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, and it is seen in medullary epithelial cells, single macrophages, and lymphocytes in acute thymic involution.
10) LAMP 2 Antibody
LAMP2 (Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2) belongs to the membrane glycoprotein family. LAMP2 connects selectins to carbohydrate ligands and may play a role in tumor cell metastasis as well as lysosome protection, maintenance, and adhesion. LAMP2 is a 46 kDa polypeptide before posttranslational modification. Mature, functioning LAMP2 is heavily glycosylated with a wide range of N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides, with a total molecular weight of about 100-130 kDa. LAMP 2 comprises a broad amino-terminal intra-lysosomal domain, a hydrophobic transmembrane region, and a short carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic tail. LAMP2 is used to track a kind of autophagy known as chaperone-mediated autophagy[25]. LAMP 2 comprises a broad amino-terminal intra-lysosomal domain, a hydrophobic transmembrane region, and a short carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic tail. LAMP-2A, -2B, and 2C are the three variant versions of the LAMP protein. LAMP2, together with CD107a/LAMP-1, is a significant component of the lysosomal membrane. LAMP proteins are involved in lysosome biogenesis and are essential for lysosome-phagosome fusion, and LAMP2 is a key regulator in effective phagosomal maturation. LAMP2 loss induces autophagosome buildup in various organs, resulting in cardiomyopathy and myopathy (Danon's disease).
11) PDGFRB Antibody
PDGFRb is a tyrosine kinase receptor on the cell surface for platelet-derived growth factor family members. Mitogens for mesenchymal cells are these growth agents. Whether a functional receptor is a homodimer or a heterodimer of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha and beta polypeptides is determined by the growth factor bound to a receptor monomer [14]. The granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and macrophage-colony stimulating factor receptor genes surround the gene on chromosome 5; all three genes may be involved in the 5-q syndrome. A translocation between chromosomes 5 and 12, which connects this gene to the translocation's ETV6, leukemia gene, causes chronic myeloproliferative disease with eosinophilia.
12) TLR3 Antibody
TLR3 (Toll-like receptor 3) is important in pathogen identification and innate immune activation. TLRs identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns produced on infectious pathogens and mediate the release of cytokines required for successful immune development. TLR3 is only found in the dendritic subpopulation of leukocytes and is most common in the placenta and pancreas. TLR3 recognizes dsRNA from a viral infection and activates NF-kappaB, causing type I interferon to be produced. The TLR family is a phylogenetically conserved innate immune mediator that is required for microbial identification. So far, TLRs have been found to activate the MyD88/interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) signaling pathway. TLR3 is the only human TLR that does not use MyD88 as an adaptor molecule, instead of using TRIF in a signaling pathway that leads to the activation of IRF-3 and NF-kB downstream[34]. TLR3 activation induces not just Type I interferon but also other inflammatory cytokines, resulting in DC maturation. TLR3 has been shown to identify viral double-stranded (ds) RNA, a molecular signature linked to viral infection. It has recently been demonstrated that it can identify viruses such as Influenza A and West Nile Virus.
13) TLR7 Antibody
TLR7 is essential for pathogen identification and innate immune activation. Infections with single-stranded RNA viruses, such as influenza virus and vesicular stomatitis virus, activate TLR7[31]. TLR7 is mostly expressed in the lung, placenta, and spleen, and it is closely related to another member of the TLR family, TLR8 [33]. TLR7 also activates NF-kappaB, secretes cytokines, and initiates an inflammatory response via MyD88 and TRAF6. TLR7 recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) expressed on infectious pathogens and mediates the release of cytokines required for successful immune development.
1) IGF2R Antibody (Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 Receptor)
IGF2R, also named MPRI, Mannos-6-Phosphate Receptor, belongs to the MRL1/IGF2R family. This receptor performs a variety of tasks, including lysosomal enzyme intracellular trafficking, transforming growth factor-beta activation, and insulin-like growth factor 2 degradation. This gene's mutation or loss of heterozygosity has been linked to an increased risk of hepatocellular cancer [11]. Phosphorylated lysosomal enzymes are transported to lysosomes by IGF2R from the Golgi complex and the cell surface. IGF2R is a phosphomannosylated lysosomal enzyme that binds to mannose-6-phosphate receptors in the Golgi apparatus and transports the resulting receptor-ligand complex to an acidic prelyosomal compartment, where the low pH promotes the complex's dissociation. IGF2 is also bound by this receptor. By binding DPP4, IGF2R acts as a positive regulator of T-cell coactivation. This antibody targets IGF2R and assesses its function.
2) MPO Antibody
The hemoprotein myeloperoxidase (MPO) is extensively produced in neutrophils and released upon their activation. MPO antibodies are used to assess patients who may have immune-mediated vasculitis. Myeloperoxidase is a tetrameric complex with two glycosylated alpha chains and two unglycosylated beta chains that are covalently linked. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA), the serological markers for some systemic vasculitis such as periarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyarteritis, and pulmonary eosinophilic granulomatosis, have traditionally targeted myeloperoxidase (Churg-Strauss syndrome)[32]. Anti-myeloperoxidase autoantibody levels in rheumatoid arthritis range from low to moderate. Myeloperoxidase has recently been discovered to play a role in the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease. Myeloperoxidase has strong pro-inflammatory capabilities and may play a role in tissue damage. Myeloperoxidase is being considered as one of the most promising cardiac indicators right now.
Myeloperoxidase is a component of polymorphonuclear(PMN) leukocytes' host defense system, and it is responsible for microbicidal activity against a variety of pathogens. In physiologic circumstances, MPO catalyzes the formation of hypohalous acids, specifically hypochlorous acid.
3) PAK Antibody
PAK proteins function as effectors that connect Rho GTPases to cytoskeleton remodeling and nuclear signaling. PAK proteins belong to the serine/threonine p21-activating kinase family that includes PAK1, PAK2, PAK3, and PAK4[28]. These proteins serve as targets for the tiny GTP binding proteins Cdc42 and Rac. PAK1 is a protein that affects cell motility and morphology.
4) Rab Antibody
Rab proteins belong to the Ras-like GTPase family that is involved in intracellular protein transport. The docking and fusing of transport vesicles between different compartments within the cell is the responsibility of various members of the 40+ member Rab family [29]. Mannose 6-phosphate receptors must be transported from the late endosome to the trans-Golgi network, and Rab 9 is required for this. Rab 9 allows cells to recycle essential cellular trafficking components more efficiently by promoting receptor delivery.
5) Anti Ovalbumin Antibody.
Ovalbumin is the major protein found in egg white, and Anti Ovalbumin Antibody identifies it. Ovalbumin accounts for about 60-65% of total protein. Ovalbumin shares sequence and three-dimensional similarity with the serpin superfamily, although it is not a serine protease inhibitor like most serpins. Ovalbumin's function is unclear, but it is considered to be a storage protein. Ovalbumin can cause allergic reactions in humans [8]. When recognizing Ovalbumin, Western Blot, Immuno cytochemistry, and ELISA can be used.
By all accounts and based on verified results, lysosomal antibodies help in the identification of the structure and functions of lysosomes, as well as play a key role in the diagnosis of disorders involving lysosomal functions.
This could aid in the early detection of diseases including lysosomal storage disorders and malignancies, among others. This may aid in the initiation of treatment at an early stage of the disease, thus increasing the patient's chances of recovery.
We may also utilize this as a method of checking the success of the treatment for the diseases mentioned above by improving the methodologies. Using lysosomal antibodies, for example, we can check lysosomal function after commencing the therapy process. Then we may assess the improvement in lysosome function that the medication may have caused. We can then determine whether or not to continue with the treatment.
Thus, lysosomal antibodies are currently used exclusively as a diagnostic tool in experimental and clinical medicine, but with further development they can be used as a therapeutic tool, especially in the treatment of cancer and a number of other diseases caused by insufficient functions of apoptosis.
Conflict of interest statement.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
State scientific program «To study the processes of damage and adaptation of the brain during its ischemia and the use of correction».
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
