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Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.31579/2768-0487/016
*Corresponding Author: Fé Fernández Hernández, Auxiliary Professor. Faculty of Medical Science at University of Medical Science of Havana.
Citation: Fé F Hernández, Ledya F Leal, Efraín S González, Bergelino Z Pérez. (2021) The Touchable Smoking Social Costs. Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Research. 2(3) DOI: 10.31579/2768-0487/016
Copyright: ©2021 Fé Fernández Hernández. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 27 March 2021 | Accepted: 07 April 2021 | Published: 09 April 2021
Keywords: cost; smoking; accounting
Introduction: In economic terms the costs may be classified as touchable and untouchable. The touchable costs are given for a relative easiness to be measured and quantified too. At present health context one of the items with more research needs respect to the economic impact is the smoking.
Objective: To describe the main touchable costs related to smoking as risk factor.
Methods: Was made a descriptive research about the main touchable costs related to smoking as risk factor. As teoricals methods were used the inductive – deductive, analysis and synthesis and comparative. As empiric method was used the bibliographic research.
Results: Was made a conceptual disaggregation of touchablecost because of smoking to facility it accounting to be staring point to futures similar economic evaluations.
Conclusions: Beginning of identify the smoking particularities like multicausal risk factor was made a general conceptual disaggregation of touchablecost because of smoking to facility since a social point of view, the smoking economic accounting.
The illness cost researches are considered a quantitative and valuated estimationin monetary unit from the illness or risk factor researched impacting over the economic resources use [1, 2].
Usually is used the concept of social cost in the illness cost research. This concept is understood as the sum of all cost attributable to each person member from the researched population [3].
In economic terms the costs may be classified as touchable and untouchable. The touchable costs are given for a relative easiness to be measured and quantified too. Much time these are expressed in monetary terms. These are the costs taken as reference for this research. The untouchable can´t be measured easily and then usually are expressed in social terms as reduction of life quality or reduction of life expectancy for example [4].
The direct costs include the use of health resources for the direct attention to patients [5, 6]. The indirect costs are given by the whole values didn´t obtained because of the existence of the illness or the risk factor researched [7, 8]. Mainly these are touchable costs because of an illness or risk factor.
At present health context one of the items with more research needs respect to the economic impact is the smoking [9]. For them the objective of this research is to describe the main touchable costs related to smoking as risk factor.
Materials and methods
Was made a descriptive research about the main touchable costs related to smoking as risk factor. As teoricals methods were used the inductive – deductive, analysis and synthesis and comparative. As empiric method was used the bibliographic research.
The conceptual disaggregation from the touchable smoking costs will serve of start point for the integral accounting from these costs type. Since a social perspective these costs may be disaggregate as smoking direct costs and smoking indirect costs as following:
Smoking direct health costs:
These are the costs attributable to smoking assumed by health institutions in the direct attention to patients. In this point is important to appoint that the whole health spends by active smokers isn’t attributable to smoking. Also a part from the no-smoker health spends is attributable to smoking agree to the exposition to tobacco smoke from no smoker people. That’s why the economic burden attributable to smoking by morbidity is a main rate to measure this cost attributable to smoking [10, 11].
Smoking direct no-health costs: these are the costs attributable to smoking assumed by no-health institutions close related with the morbidity attributable to smoking. Much of these costs are given by the Social Security. For example, the insure and waiver payments because of the morbidity and mortality attributable to smoking [12].
Indirect costs by labor productivity lose attributable to smoking: absolute and relative
Related to individual self-health smoking is a risk factor close associated to the labor performance because of the smoking impact over morbidity and mortality because of no-communicative illness attributable to smoking [13].
Authors classify the labor productivity lose attributable to smoking in absolute and relative. The absolute is related with mortality because the effect is irreversible. The smoking cost by absolute labor productivity lose is given by the existence of the earlier smoker death generally before arrive to the retire age [14].
The relative labor productivity lose because of smoking is close related to morbidity attributable to smoking. Its main characteristic is the reversibility with the possibility to reincorporate to the job market [15].
At same time the relative labor productivity lose attributable to smoking may be by worker physic absence and by worker no-physic absence. The first is given by the physic absence from the smoker worker to the workplace because of the morbidity attributable to smoking. The second is given by the exploitation from the worktime given the physic presence of the smoker worker at workplace because of the labor time used to smoke [16]. In both case, the smoking cost by labor productivity lose is given by the whole economic values didn´t obtained because of the socioeconomic smoking impact.
Each smoking cost has a self estimation way. The previous identification from the main smoking social cost may be an important reference for other researches about the smoking social cost and the smoking socioeconomic too.
Since the identification of the smoking particularities was made disaggregation about the main touchable costs related to smoking. This disaggregation may easier the quantification of the social smoking impact.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
