AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2641-8975/008
*Corresponding Author: Glen Nielsen, University of Pittsburgh Diabetes Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Citation: Glen Nielsen, Erik Mygind, Mads Bølling, Camilla Roed Otte, The ability of aged garlic extract and its constituent SAC to inhibit formation of AGEs, DOI: 10.31579/2641-8975/008
Copyright: © 2018 Glen Nielsen.et.al.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 04 July 2018 | Accepted: 12 July 2018 | Published: 19 July 2018
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, advanced glycation endproducts, aged garlic extract, antioxidant, lipid peroxidation, hyperglycaemia.
Background: Diabetic patients with hyperglycaemia show oxidative stress and increased formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) which increases their susceptibility to chronic complications. Aged garlic extract has antioxidant properties and prevents the formation of AGEs in vitro. This study investigated the effects of dietary intervention with Kyolic® aged garlic extract on glycaemia, lipidaemia and oxidative stress in diabetic patients.
Methods: Blood samples were collected from 48 diabetic patients on recruitment, after one month and then monthly following an intake of 3000 mg of aged garlic extract daily over a period of 3-months. Samples were analysed for glucose, glycated haemoglobin and lipid profile using automated analyses. Low molecular weight AGEs were measured using a fluorometric method. Lipid hydroperoxides and total antioxidant status were determined using colorimetric kit methods.
Results: Intervention with aged garlic extract did not affect blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin or the lipid profile but serum triacylglycerol concentrations declined after 3-months of intervention (P< 0.05). Aged garlic extract intake did reduce levels of serum AGEs although this was not significant. Lipid hydroperoxide, an indicator of oxidative stress, was significantly reduced following intake of aged garlic extract (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Aged garlic extract may therefore protect against the harmful effects of AGEs and oxidative stress thus further investigations are needed to fully evaluate the benefits of long-term consumption of aged garlic extract, in particular its effects on tissue AGEs and oxidative stress.
Diabetes mellitus is characterised by hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and increased oxidative stress. A consequence of hyperglycaemia is increased protein glycation and formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). Accumulation of AGEs alters the structure and functions of biomolecules particularly long-lived proteins [1,2]. Increased glycation and AGE formation are also accompanied by oxidative stress and are major factors underlying the pathogenesis of diabetic complications [1,2]. The inhibition of AGE formation is thought to play a role in the prevention of diabetic complications thus, the development of clinically effective anti-glycation compounds with antioxidant properties may have therapeutic potential [3,2].
Numerous studies have reported the beneficial effects of using garlic (Allium sativum) in the prevention of disease processes largely attributed to its high content of organosulphur compounds and resultant antioxidant activities [4,5]. The use of garlic as a health supplement has received much interest, particularly because of its beneficial effects in protecting against coronary heart disease [5]. Fresh garlic has a pungent taste and to some people, an unpleasant smell. However, studies have shown that garlic does not have to be fresh to be effective nor is its smell required for its health benefits. Commercially, garlic is available in different preparations, one of which is aged garlic extract. This extract is odourless and richer in antioxidants than the fresh bulbs [6,7].
Clinical trials have shown that aged garlic extract is safe and is effective in providing health benefits to humans [5,8]. Aged garlic extract is a potent antioxidant with established lipid-lowering effects [9]. Its antioxidant activity is attributed largely to a key ingredient called S-allylcysteine (SAC), which is a potent antioxidant and free radical scavenger [10]. Previous studies have shown that both aged garlic extract and SAC are effective inhibitors of AGE formation in vitro[11,12]. However, it is not known whether aged garlic extract can prevent formation of AGEs in vivo hence the need for the present study. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of a dietary intervention with aged garlic extract against glycaemia, lipidaemia, and oxidative stress over a period of three months in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Materials and methods
Kyolic® aged garlic extract one a day tablets were a generous gift from Wakunaga of America Co., Ltd. Kyolic® aged garlic extract is prepared by soaking fresh sliced garlic at room temperature in 15-20% ethanol for 20-months. The extract is then filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure at low temperature. The content of water-soluble compounds is relatively high whereas that of oil-soluble compounds is relatively low. This process increases its antioxidant at a concentration and converts harsh unstable compounds, such as allicin, to stable health-promoting substances such as SAC and S-allylmercaptocysteine. The extract has 305 g/l of extracted solids and SAC is the most abundant watersoluble organosulfur compound present at concentration of 1.47 g/l. Other components of aged garlic extract include N-fructosyl glutamate, N-fructosyl arginine, tetrahydrobeta- carboline derivatives, allixin and selenium.
A total of 48 diabetic subjects (25 males and 23 females) were recruited from the clinics of King Abdul Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of King Abdul Aziz University Hospital. All subjects gave informed consent before participation in the study. All patients were interviewed and a questionnaire completed to collect information such as their age, smoking habits, duration of diabetes, type of medication used for treatment, and the presence of clinical complications. All subjects were taking oral hypoglycaemic agents for treatment of their diabetes. Patient's heights, and weights were measured and their body mass index (BMI) was determined. The inclusion criteria were individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes on medication and with normal serum creatinine. Exclusion criteria were those with high creatinine and suffering from diabetic complications such as nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy or heart disease.
Overnight fasting venous blood samples were taken from all patients at recruitment, one month following recruitment and before any aged garlic extract intake. Immediately thereafter, each patient was given three tablets of Kyolic®aged garlic extract (each containing 1000 mg of aged garlic extract) with their meals on a daily basis for a period of 3-months and blood samples were taken as before at the end of the first, second and finally the third month. Serum was separated immediately and frozen at -80°C until needed for assay. Samples were analysed for concentrations of serum glucose, glycated haemoglobin, serum low molecular weight-AGEs (LMW-AGEs), lipid profile, total antioxidant status and lipid hydroperoxides.
Glucose: Serum glucose concentrations were measured using an automated method on the Dade Behring Dimension RXL Clinical Chemistry Analyzer and based on a hexokinase-glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase method [13].
Glycated haemoglobin: This was determined using a turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay using the automatic Dade Behring Dimension RXL Clinical Chemistry Analyzer [14].
Advanced glycation endproducts: Serum LMW-AGE concentrations were determined by a fluorometric method as described previously [15]. Briefly, a total of 20 µl of serum was mixed with 480 µl of 0.15M trichloroacetic acid to precipitate out the large-Mr serum proteins, and 100 µl of chloroform was added to extract the lipid fractions. After vortex mixing to ensure complete precipitation of the large-Mrproteins, the samples were centrifuged and the aqueous supernatant removed. The fluorescence was measured at 440 nm after excitation at 247 nm, using a LS 45 fluorescence spectrometer (Perkin-Elmer, USA). Due to the lack of a commercial standard for this product, the results were reported in arbitrary units per mg of protein (AU/mg).
Serum creatinine: Serum creatinine concentrations were measured by a modification of the Jaffe reaction [16] using the automatic Dade Behring Dimension RXL Clinical Chemistry Analyzer.
Cholesterol: Serum total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol measurements were determined colorimetrically using the automatic Dade Behring Dimension RXL Clinical Chemistry Analyzer and based on an established enzymatic method [17]. Serum triacylglycerol was also measured using the same analyser and based on an established procedure [18].
Lipid hydroperoxides: Lipid hydroperoxides concentrations were determined directly by utilizing redox reactions of lipid hydroperoxides with ferrous ions using the lipid hydroperoxide assay kit (Calbiochem, USA) and based on an established method [19].
Total antioxidant status: Serum total antioxidant status was determined using a method based on the quenching of 2,2′-Azino-di(3-ethyl benzthiazolin sulphonate) radical cation (ABTS•+) by antioxidants using a Randox total antioxidant assay kit as described previously [20].
Statisticalanalyses were accomplished using the statistical software package SPSS (version 15; SPSS Inc., Chicago). Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Differences between groups were analysed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) for multiple comparisons. Paired comparison student t-test between intervals was undertaken, thereafter, where ANOVA results indicated a significant difference. The limit of statistical significance was set at P<0.05.
Table 2 also shows the mean concentrations ± SD of the serum lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol) after taking 3000 mg of Kyolic® aged garlic extract each day over a period of 3- months. The results show no significant changes in the concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol or HDL cholesterol throughout the intervention study. However, serum triacylglycerol concentrations declined significantly after the 3-month intervention period compared to the base line value (P<0.05).
Table 2 shows the mean concentrations ± SD of lipid hydroperoxide. Serum lipid hydroperoxide concentrations showed a gradual and significant decrease in concentration compared with basal values (P<0.05). Indeed the decline occurs after the first month of the intervention and was maintained over the 3-months of study. In contrast, there was no significant change in serum total antioxidant status between intervals.
The subjects in this study were middle aged, overweight with a high BMI and typical of type 2 diabetic patients. This study has found no significant changes in fasting serum glucose and glycated haemoglobin throughout the different time intervals used. Studies on the hypoglycaemic effect of garlic have been controversial [21]. Several studies have shown that garlic can reduce blood glucose concentrations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic animals, whereas such effects were not found in humans [22,23]. Daily administration of an ethanolic extract of garlic (50 mg/kg) to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats for 4-weeks caused a significant reduction in their blood glucose concentrations [24]. Similarly, another study showed that streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated daily with 500 mg/kg of aqueous garlic extract have a significant reduction in serum glucose concentrations after 7-weeks of treatment [25]. Liu et al., (2006) investigated the effects of garlic oil and diallyl disulfide on glycaemic control and renal function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats [21]. A dose of 100 mg/kg body of garlic oil or 40-80 mg/ kg body weight of diallyl disulfide for 16-weeks after the induction of diabetes was used but neither affected blood glucose concentrations during this period. Eidi et al., (2006) found that oral administrations of the ethanol garlic extract (0.1-0.5 g/kg) for 14-days in normal and streptozotocininduced diabetic rats significantly decreased serum glucose in diabetic but not normal rats [26]. A small pilot study in humans indicated that daily intake of 4 ml aged garlic extract in patients with known coronary artery disease over one year did not affect their serum glucose concentrations [27]. A clinical trial reported that treatment of healthy adults with standardized garlic at 900 mg/day for 3-months produced no significant changes in serum glucose [28]. A further study showed that daily administration of four capsules of ethyl acetate garlic extract for 3-months had no effect on glucose concentrations in patients with coronary artery disease [29]. Also, the consumption of fresh garlic (approximately 3g daily) by male volunteers for 16-weeks did not affect the concentrations of serum glucose [30]. These findings are consistent with this study which was unable to demonstrate a reduction in blood glucose following aged garlic extract intervention in diabetic patients. The discrepancy between the human and animal studies might be accounted for by differences in physiology but also due to differences in the type of preparation, concentration of garlic used, and the duration of study. In animal studies, the dose and the duration of medication can be controlled, but not so in humans as in the latter it is difficult to be certain that all
The ability of aged garlic extract and its constituent SAC to inhibit formation of AGEs in vitro has been reported previously by our group [11,12]. However, studies investigating the effects of aged garlic extract in vivo have not been reported previously. The anti-glycation activity of aged garlic extract is believed to be due to its antioxidant constituent SAC which could prevent autoxidative and glycoxidation reactions involved in AGE formation. Furthermore, the amino groups on SAC could react with and block carbonyl groups from reducing sugars, Amadori products and dicarbonyl intermediates preventing their conversion to AGEs [12]. The present study reports for the first time a reduction in serum LMW-AGEs in diabetic patients following aged garlic extract intake but this decline was not significant. This finding may be attributed to the slow formation of AGEs and the fact they tend to accumulate more readily on long-lived proteins such as collagen as opposed to short-lived proteins such as albumin, the major serum protein. Thus measurement of tissue AGEs in diabetic subjects may reveal a reduction in their content following consumption of aged garlic extract. Intake of higher doses of aged garlic extract for a longer period of time may also reduce the concentration of serum AGEs. In this study, serum LMW-AGEs were measured using fluorescence spectroscopy which is a crude method and subject to interference from other non-AGE fluorescent substances in the serum [15,31]. Furthermore, not all AGEs have fluorescent properties [32].
Intervention with aged garlic extract reduced triacylglycerol but not total, LDL or HDL cholesterol concentrations. These findings are consistent with one published study that found no effects on the concentrations of plasma LDL cholesterol and other lipids in adults with moderate hypercholesterolemia receiving 1.8 g of aged garlic extract 6 days/week for 6-months [33]. Another study demonstrated a 7% and 10% reduction in total and LDL cholesterol respectively following intake of 7.2 g of aged garlic extract daily for 5-months in a group of 56 moderately hypercholesterolaemic men whereas triacylglycerol and HDL remained unaffected [34]. The discrepancy between this and the earlier study may be because their subjects had higher initial total cholesterol values (6.3 ± 0.6 mM) compared to this study (5.3 ± 0.16 mM) and also because of the higher dosage of aged garlic extract used. The diabetic patients in this study had moderate cholesterol concentrations for which pharmaceutical intervention is not required. Furthermore, the duration of this study was shorter than that of the previous one and possibly not enough to detect even modest effects on serum lipid concentrations. The cholesterol lowering effects of aged garlic extract have been attributed to its key component SAC which has been reported to inhibit hepatic cholesterol 34].
Our data on inhibition of lipid peroxidation following aged garlic extract intake are in agreement with other studies [35,36]. Indeed, smokers receiving 5 mL of aged garlic extract for 14-days had a 35% reduction in plasma 8-iso prostaglandin F2α, a specific marker of lipid peroxidation [37]. Similarly, another study found that aged garlic supplementation (10 g /day) for 4-months decreased the level of serum lipid hydroperoxides [38]. An animal study reported that aged garlic extract (0.2 and 0.4 g/kg) significantly decreased (P < 0.05) plasma malondialdehyde concentration in rats on a high cholesterol diet compared to control animals on a standard diet [39]. Oxidation of LDL plays a key role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Aged garlic extract has been shown to protect LDL against oxidation in vitro [40]. Other studies have shown that aged garlic extract and SAC prevent membrane damage, loss of cell viability, and lipid peroxidation in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells exposed to oxidized LDL [38]. The high antioxidant potential of garlic is believed to be due to its high content of sulphur compounds.
The lack of effect of aged garlic extract intake on total antioxidant status in this study contrasts with a previous study where aqueous aged garlic extract supplementation (10 g/day) for 4-months in volunteer subjects improved their plasma antioxidant potential [38]. This discrepancy might be due to the differences in doses, type of garlic used and period of intervention. In animal studies, streptozotocininduced diabetic rats receiving aqueous extract of garlic prepared from garlic cloves (500 mg/kg daily) for 3-weeks had significantly higher serum antioxidant status compared to controls [41]. Further more rigorous, randomised, placebocontrolled studies are required to assess whether aged garlic extract can reduce AGEs in vivo by using higher doses or a longer intervention period accompanied by measurement of tissue as opposed to serum AGEs.
The results of this study have shown that aged garlic extract supplementation over 3-months had no effect on serum glucose, glycated haemoglobin, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol and total antioxidant status. However, the study also demonstrated the ability of aged garlic extract to reduce lipid hydroperoxide and lower LMW-AGEs albeit the latter was not significant in type 2 diabetic patients. This suggests that aged garlic extract might be useful as a food supplement in delaying or preventing the onset of diabetic complications. Further human studies are required to establish the protective roles of aged garlic extract in diabetes.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
