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Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2578-8965/106
1.BSc, MSc, Al-Maaref University College, Department of Dentistry, Iraq.
*Corresponding Author: Wasan Mohammed Alsewidi, BSc, MSc, Al-Maaref University College, Department of Dentistry, Iraq.
Citation: Wasan M. Alsewidi (2022) Study Inhibitory Effect of Alhagi Extract on Oral Microorganisms. J. Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences; 6(2) DOI:10.31579/2578-8965/106
Copyright: © 2022, Wasan Mohammed Alsewidi, This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 11 November 2021 | Accepted: 17 December 2021 | Published: 06 January 2022
Keywords: alhagi extraction; antioxidant; antimicrobial; bioactive compound; pathogenic bacteria
Many studies determined effect of plant extract on plant pathogens and human pathogens. Alhagi maurorum is considered as one of the important medicinal plants in Iraq. It is used for urinary tract infection, rheumatic pains and liver disorders. Study the Inhibition Effect of Alhagi extract on oral microorganisms as Streptococci, Actinobacillus and Staphylococci, with (0, 10, 50 and 100 percentages). The concentrations of 0% has not any inhibition effect, 10%, has a slight inhibition effect against oral Streptococci and Actinobacillus, but has not effect on Staphylococci. 50%, has an inhibition effect against oral Streptococci more than E-coli, but has not effect on Staphylococci, but 100%, has a wide inhibition effect a against oral Streptococci more than Actinobacillus except Staphylococci has not effect. The lack of inhibition effect at the concentration of 0% and 10% of Alhagi maurorum aqueous extract may be returned to the limits or decline of active components in these low concentrations of aqueous extract. In addition, studies indicate that there are many factors have an effect in the minimizing the impact of plant extracts.
Alhagi maurorum is considered as one of the important medicinal plants in Iraq. It is used for urinary tract infection, rheumatic pains and liver disorders [1]. In addition, this plant may be used as an alternative solvent to the use of drugs. Alhagi maurorum belongs to the family of fabaceae, and it produces numbers of biologically important second metabolites. The species of A. maurorum is legumes [2]. Since ancient times, herbs have been used to protect human and treat chronic health maladies in addition to flavor food improvement [3]. Herbal drugs are playing an important role in the health care programs in world [4]. Herbs always have been using for flavor or fragrances in food industries but little of them had exhibiting properties of antimicrobial [5, 6].
The last researches observed that Alhagi maurorum contain wide secondary metabolite like flavonoid, coumarin, fatty acid, unsaturated sterol, glycoside, sterol, resin, steroid, carbohydrate, vitamin, alkaloid, tannin and triterpene. It exerted anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, analgesics, antipyretic, antioxidants, gastrointestinal, diuretic, cardiovascular, and dermatologically as well as wide other effects [7]. Scientists had study as well as analyze impact of various solvent types like methanol, ethyl alcohol, hexane and water for the goal of antioxidant extractions from different plant parts like seeds and leaves. Therefore, extracted various [phenolic compounds] from plant with high degrees of accuracy, different solvents of varying polarity must have been used [8, 9].
Sixty samples divided into 20 samples for each oral microorganisms, 5 samples for each concentration, were taken from patients in private dental clinic. Sterile cotton swaps were used for this research, these samples were taken from patients who have sever gingivitis as well as gum bleeding. Sterile cotton swaps are flooding in stuart transport medium and laboratory cultured, using blood agar medium to make a checks specialized to oral Streptococci, Actinobacillus and Staphylococci, finding the producers of dextran, anaerobic growth and mannitol fermentation using (Brain heart infusion broth). Doses of the isolated bacteria are injecting in tubes contain this medium as well as sucrose. Putting glass bars in these tubes and inculcated at (37oC for 24 hours) [10].
Collection of Alhagi Maurorum
In this study, we use the leaves, steam and roots of a plant and classified in the laboratories of Basic - Education College - department of science at Baghdad University. Plant was dried in shade and then grinded to get a homogeneous powder then saved until utilized [1].
Preparation of Aqueous Extract of Alhagi Maurorum
10gm of prepared powder were taken and put in flask100ml of distil water were added, and let the infusion for 48 hours. Centrifuge was used to starts the precipitation at 2000 cycle/minute for 10 minutes. Fluid were used after pass through filter papers. Extract prepared at the concentrations of 0% (control), 10%, 50% and 100%, using sterilized distil water, saved at 4oC and used during 2 weeks only [11]. Muller-Hinton agar used to culture the oral Streptococci, E-coli and Staphylococcus isolate holes make at the medium at 5-millimeter diameter. 100 microliters of extract put at the holes to all the prepared concentrations in addition to the founded of controlled sample [12].
Table one showed that the use of different concentrations of Alhagi maurorum extract were used for three types of organisms. The concentrations of 0% has not any inhibition effect against oral microorganisms, when we used the concentration of 10%, has an slight inhibition effect against oral Streptococci and Actinobacillus, but has not effect on Staphylococci. When using 50%, has an inhibition effect against oral Streptococci more than Actinobacillus, but has not effect on Staphylococci. Using 100%, has a wide inhibition effect against oral Streptococci more than Actinobacillus except Staphylococci has not effect.
Many studies showed that Alhagi maurorum contains many active components have an inhibition effect against oral microorganisms. Since the medicinal plants antibacterial effective of differ dramatically according to the phytochemical characteristic of plant family and subfamily. It was not surprise to note the various in this efficiency until when samples used which takes of the same plants but of two various regions. The inhibition effect of Alhagi maurorum aqueous extract against oral Streptococci and Actinobacillus in agreement with Al-Lafi & Ababneh, 1995 and Shan et al., 2007 that found this effect return to the founded of these active components by suspend the activity of oral bacteria in gingivitis case. The lack of inhibition effect at the concentration of 0% and 10% of Alhagi maurorum aqueous extract may be returned to the limits or decline of active components in these low concentrations of aqueous extract. In addition, studies indicate that there are many factors have an effect in the minimizing the impact of plant extracts against bacterial isolates such as Age, smoking or chronic diseases (as diabetes) in agreement with Lewis, 2003, and Sulaiman, 2013.
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