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Review Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2639-4162/139
National Research University of Electronic Technology, MIET, Moscow, Russia.
*Corresponding Author: Afonin SM, Afonin Sergey Mikhailovich, National Research University of Electronic Technology, MIET, 124498, Moscow, Russia.
Citation: Afonin SM, (2024), Structural Scheme of Transverse Piezo Engine for Nano Medical and Clinical Research, J. General Medicine and Clinical Practice, 7(3); DOI:10.31579/2639-4162/139
Copyright: © 2024, Afonin SM. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 10 January 2024 | Accepted: 13 March 2024 | Published: 17 March 2024
Keywords: filgrastim; filgrastim biosimilar; granulocyte-colony stimulating factor; hospital resource management; lenograstim
Background/Aim: With the availability of biosimilars, hospital formulary drug selection among biologics extends beyond clinical and safety considerations when comes to hospital resource management, to factors like human resource allocation and financial sustainability. However, research assessing the time and cost of labor, supplies, and waste disposal of biologics from the standpoint of hospitals remains limited. This study focuses on short-acting granulocyte-colony stimulating factor originators (Granocyte® and Neupogen®) and biosimilar (Nivestim®), comparing them based on mean total handling times per dose and total annual expenses.
Materials and Methods: Ten nurses from a Taiwanese cancer center were recruited; they each prepared three doses of each drug.
Results: Findings showed that the mean total handling times per dose of Granocyte® and Neupogen® were significantly higher than that of Nivestim®. Handling Nivestim® required the lowest total annual expense.
Conclusion: Nivestim® is an advantageous alternative to Granocyte® and Neupogen®, benefiting hospital resource management
For nano medical and clinical research, the transverse piezo engine is applied [1-15]. The transverse piezo engine is used in nano medical and clinical research, adaptive optics, scanning microscopy [4-29]. The structural scheme of the transverse piezo engine is obtained for nano medical and clinical research.
Structural scheme
The equations of the piezo effects [5-52] are written
here
are matrixes for electric induction, piezo constant, strength mechanical field, dielectric constant, strength electric field, relative deformation, elastic compliance and transposed piezo constant. The matrixes for PZT are received
For the transverse piezo engine its relative deformation [4-29] is obtained
here 
is the transverse piezo constant.
The differential equation of deformation engine [8–50] is recorded
here
are the conversion of deformation, the position, the conversion operator, the coefficient of wave propagation, the sound speed, the coefficient of attenuation. Edge conditions are written
Decision of differential equation deformation at transverse piezo effect is recorded
Structural model and scheme of the transverse engine for nano medical and clinical research on Figure 1 are found
here 
are the masses on its faces.
Figure 1. Structural scheme of transverse piezo engine for nano medical and clinical research.
For fixed face of engine at 
the equation of deformation is written
For 
the equation is recorded
After conversions
For distributed parameters the function is determined in the form
here 
are the stiffness of engine and load.
The function on voltage e is obtained
For the lumped parameters at elastic-inertial workload the function on voltage is received in the form
here 
transverse transfer coefficient, the constant of time, the frequency of conjugate and the coefficient of attenuation.
For 
= 2 kg, 
= 0.1×107 N/m, 
= 0.5×107 N/m the parameters PZT engine are found 
= 0.41×10-3 s and 
= 2.4×103 s-1 with error 10%.
The steady deformation of the transverse piezo engine at elastic-inertial workload is found
At 
= 2∙10-10 m/V, 
= 20, 
= 0.2 for PZT engine its transfer coefficient is received 
= 3.3 nm/V.
The characteristics of the transverse piezo engine are recorded
For 
= 2∙10-10 m/V, 
= 1.5∙105 V/m, 
= 2.5∙10-2 m, 
= 1.5∙10-5 m2, 
= 15∙10-12 m2/N parameters PZT engine are determined 
= 750 nm and 
= 30 N.
Figure 2. Mechanical characteristic of transverse piezo engine
The structural scheme of the transverse piezo engine is determined for nano medical and clinical research. The parameters of the transverse piezo engine are obtained. The transfer coefficient and function on the voltage are found. The mechanical characteristic of the transverse piezo engine is determined.
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