Short Communication | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/IJBR-2021/049
1.Nephrology Department, BP - A Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
2.IESP - UERJ - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
3.Intensive Care Unit, BP - A Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
*Corresponding Author: Tania Leme da Rocha Martinez , BP - A Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo Rua Comandante Ismael Guilherme, 358 - Jardim Lusitânia CEP 04031-120 - São Paulo – SP, Brazil
Citation: Anita L R Saldanha, Fernando H. Guarnieri, Ana P.P. Margeotto, Tereza L.B. , Fakhouri, A.L. , Gasparoto V. , Tania L. Rocha Martinez* (2021). Smoking Risk in Covid 19 Patients Can Be Worsened By Other Major Risk Factors - In Combination with Euroscore II. International J. of Biomed Research. 1(8); DOI: 10.31579/IJBR-2021/049
Copyright: © 2021, Tania Leme da Rocha Martinez, This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 18 October 2021 | Accepted: 27 October 2021 | Published: 04 November 2021
Keywords: cardiovascular; risk factors; covid-19; smoking; EUROSCORE II; hypertension; hypercholesterolemia
The explanation of the value of EUROSCORE II to the patient when he/she is given surgical indication meets an ethical need for bilateral decision-making in the patient medical relationship. From a database of 950 adult patients and of both sexes of a large tertiary hospital ICU, smokers were selected, classified according to the frequency of tobacco use, in a number of 81 in total. The data indicated by the regression showed significant effect on the EUROSCORE II of the following variables, in the order of significance: Hypercholesterolemia has, on average, and controlling by the other variables, 7.5 more than EUROSCORE II. That is, approximately 30% more on average. Hypertension also varied by 3.69 points, equivalent to 14%. The only significant differences of EUROSCORE II when controlled by the other variables were in relation to gender (men have a EUROSCORE 3.54 lower than women), age (an increase of 0.27 EUROSCORE II for each year more life). The other variables were not significant at a level of 0.05, even when considering the types of exposure to smoking.
The explanation of the value of EUROSCORE II to the patient when he/she is given surgical indication meets an ethical need for bilateral decision-making in the patient medical relationship. This procedure opens the opportunity for greater effectiveness of awareness about the control of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. The justification for this conduct can be evaluated depending on statistical estimates of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) databases. Smoking is still a controversial issue when related to Covid 19 patients’ outcome [1-7].
EUROSCORE II: program for surgical risk assessment in patients who will undergo cardiac surgery [8-12].
To study the effects of all the modifiable major risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Covid 19 patients in combination with their respective values of EUROSCORE II. The aim is to find a model to test the difference in EUROSCORE II of smokers versus the other risk factors.
From a database of 950 adult patients and of both sexes of a large tertiary hospital ICU, smokers were selected, classified according to the frequency of tobacco use, in a number of 81 in total. A regression was then performed using a linear model of least squares to estimate the effects of hypercholesterolemia in EUROSCORE II (Figure 1) controlling by a series of variables such as gender, age, diabetes, arterial hypertension, body mass index (BMI) and type of primary or secondary prevention.
The data indicated by the regression showed significant effect on the EUROSCORE II of the following variables, in the order of significance: Hypercholesterolemia has, on average, and controlling by the other variables, 7.5 more than EUROSCORE II. That is, approximately 30% more on average. Hypertension also varied by 3.69 points, equivalent to 14%. The only significant differences of EUROSCORE II when controlled by the other variables were in relation to gender (men have a EUROSCORE 3.54 lower than women), age (an increase of 0.27 EUROSCORE II for each year more life). The other variables were not significant at a level of 0.05, even when considering the types of exposure to smoking.
The alteration of EUROSCORE II in smokers due to changes in major cardiovascular risk factors are possible and more evident in hypercholesterolemia and arterial hypertension.
None.
No conflict of interest.
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