Selected Sudanese Medicinal Plants Induce Anticancer and Cytotoxic Effects in Cervical Cancer Cell Line

Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2640-1053/031

Selected Sudanese Medicinal Plants Induce Anticancer and Cytotoxic Effects in Cervical Cancer Cell Line

  • Montasir Ahmed Elnour 1*
  • Fatima Penech 2
  • Asaad Khalid 1

1* Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, National Center for Research, P.O.Box, 2404 Khartoum, Sudan
2 Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi - 75270, Pakistan

*Corresponding Author: Montasir Ahmed Elnour-Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, National Center for Research, Sudan.

Citation: Montasir Ahmed Elnour. Selected Sudanese Medicinal Plants Induce Anticancer and Cytotoxic Effects in Cervical Cancer Cell Line. J. Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics. Doi: 10.31579/2640-1053/031

Copyright: © 2018 Montasir Ahmed Elnour. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Received: 30 June 2021 | Accepted: 30 August 2018 | Published: 04 September 2018

Keywords: Anticancer; Medicinal plants; Cytotoxicity; Cervical cancer

Abstract

Modern pharmacology, however, relies on refined chemicals - either obtained from plants, or synthesized. This work investigated the anticancer, antioxidant and Cytotoxicity activities of N. lotus leaves citrate, N. lotus leaves not citrate, P. juliflora leaves commonly used as anti-inflammatory and Ant diabetic. All the plant parts were extracted using 80% methanol, the anticancer activity was examined by using MTT assay against Hela (Cervical Cancer) Cell Line. And determine their antioxidant activities by testing DPPH cytotoxicity using - (4, 5-Dimethyl thiazole-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium    bromide (MTT), filter and kept in dark, prepared freshly. The examined plants methanolic extracts of P. juliflora leaves is high activity against Hela (Cervical Cancer) Cell Line IC50 is 56.02 µg/ml. The extract C N. lotus leaves citrate, N. lotus leaves not citrate has shown none active anti- Hela (Cervical Cancer) IC50 values 100, and > 100 μg/ml respectively. All the extracts revealed cytotoxicity activity   not toxic in N. lotus leaves citrate, N. lotus leaves not citrate, P. juliflora leaves the inhibition percentage with (90.81, 89.33074   , 86.47866   ) (73.17427    , 71.93975   , 60.17069   ) (74.93001, 73.78714   , 71.13981    ) respectively. The following plant parts showed highly potent scavenging activity against DPPH (above 80%); N. lotus leaves citrate, 88.78, While the following revealed a good activity against DPPH (between 60-79); N. lotus leaves not citrate, P. juliflora leaves with inhibition % are 77and 62.96 respectively.

Introduction

Cancer harms the body when damaged cells divide uncontrollably to form lumps or masses of tissue called tumors (except in the case of leukemia where cancer prohibits normal blood function by abnormal cell division in the blood stream). Tumors can grow and interfere with the digestive, nervous, and circulatory systems and they can release hormones that alter body function. Tumors that stay in one spot and demonstrate limited growth are generally considered to be benign.

The tradition for developing plant-based drugs in modern Western medicine is largely based on a paradigm (model) that there is a single active ingredient in medicinal plants, or at least a primary chemical, that is responsible for the medical effectiveness. However, it may be that many preparations used in traditional herbal medicine are effective because of synergistic (interactive) therapeutic effects of several ingredients. Certainly many traditional herbal drug preparations are compounded from several plants. Such drug mixtures are not of interest to pharmaceutical firms, because they generally cannot be patented (although under some conditions natural products can secure patent protection).On the other hand, as a visit to a pharmacy or "health-food" store quickly reveals, numerous companies are marketing plant mixtures as "dietary supplements," which are in fact being utilized as non-prescription drugs, although there is generally limited or no modern research proof of effectiveness. Since the private sector has limited interest in this issue, there is a clear need for public supported (government) research (Balandrin et al., 1993).

Estimates for the number of described species of flowersing plants in the world vary from 223 300 (Scotland and Wortley 2003) to about 315 903 (Kier et al. 2009). In the US, almost 1800 medicinal plant species are commercially available (Muller and Clauson, 1997). It has been estimated that about 13,000 species of plants have been employed for at least a century as traditional medicines by various cultures around the world (Tyler, 1993). Very likely a much larger number of the world's flowering plant species have been used medicinally. Sometimes the figure of 70,000 medicinal plant species is cited, but this includes many algae, fungi, and micro-organisms that are not really plants as the word is understood by botanists. In any event, there is no other category of plants useful to man (with the possible exception of ornamental plants) that includes so many species, and the question naturally arises why such a staggering number of plants have useful medicinal properties (Tyler, 1993).

Materials and methods

Collection of tested plant parts of the N. lotus leaves citrate, N. lotus leaves not citrate, P. juliflora leaves Collected from the Farm of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, Khartoum, Sudan (MAPRI) and identified of taxonomist team of  Medicinal and Aromatic Plants  Research Institute, National Center of  Research, Khartoum, Sudan. And herbarium voucher was deposited at herbarium medicinal plants in the MAPRI.

Preparation of crude plant extract

One hundred grams of each plant sample was art coarsely powdered using Mortar and pistil and extracted with 80% methanol for 18 hours using shaker (Stuart scientific, flash shaker, SF 1, UK). The extract was filtered and evaporated using rotary evaporator at 40°C (Buchi, 461, Switzerland).

Culture media and human tumor cell lines

Human Cell lines

PC3 (prostate cancer cell line) were obtained frozen in liquid nitrogen (-180 0C), the tumor cell lines were maintained in the Institute of ICCB, University of Karachi Pakistan.

Culture media

RPMI -1640 medium was used for culturing and maintenance of the human tumor cell lines. The medium was supplied in a soluble form. Before using the medium it was warm at 37 0C in a water bath and supplemented with penicillin/streptomycin and Fetal bovine serum (FBS) with 10% concentration. The cells were maintained at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2 and were sub cultured twice a week.

Procedure

Maintenance of the human cancer cell lines in the laboratory

A cryo tube containing frozen cells was taken out of the liquid nitrogen container and then thawed in a water bath at 37oC. The cryo tube was opened under strict aseptic conditions and its content  was supplied by 5 ml complete media (RPMI- 1640 with 10

Microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay

MTT assay

In order to evaluate the cytotoxicity effect of the extracts and compounds, the following procedure of the MTT was used.

MTT procedure

Serial dilutions of extract were prepared in a 96 well flat bottomed plate (Nalge Nunc, Inter.). The outer wells of the plate were filled with 250 ml of in-complete culture medium except the last row 6 middle wells (B - G), which were used for the negative control receiving 50 ml of culture medium and 2ml of sterile 0.5% Triton x.

To the rest of the plate, 50 ml/wells (CCM) were added and 30 ml more were added to second column wells (B – G) that were used as first extract dilution wells. To the first dilution wells in the row, 500 mg of c suspension  extract were added to the 80 ml. extract were then serially diluted by two-fold dilution from well B3 till B11 by transferring 250 ml to the next well after proper mixing. From the last dilution wells (B-11), 50 ml were discarded. Each compound was tested in triplicate. Cell suspension in a complete culture medium containing 2.5 X 105/ml was properly mixed, and 150 ml of it were transferred into each well of the plate. The plate was covered and placed in 5% CO2 incubator at 37 °C for three-five days (72 hours-120 hours). On the third/fifth day, the supernatant was removed from each well without detaching cells. MTT stock (5 mg/ml) was prepared earlier in 100 ml PBS. MTT suspension was vortexed and kept on magnetic stirrer until all MTT dissolved. The clear suspension was filtered sterilized with 0.2 m Millipore filter and stored at 4 °C or –20 until use. MTT was diluted (1:3.5) in a culture medium and brought to room temperature. To each well of the 96 well plates, 50 ml of diluted MTT were added. The plate was incubated further at 37° C for 2 to 3 hours in CO2 incubator. MTT was removed carefully without detaching cells, and 200 µl of DMSO were added to each well. The plate was agitated at room temperature for 15 minutes then read at 540 nm using micro plate reader.

%Inhibition = [(A Control – A Sample) / A Control] × 100

Where A Control is the absorbance of the negative control and A Sample the absorbance of tested samples or standard. All data are an average of triplicate analyses.

Antioxidant assay

DPPH free radical scavenging activity method

A rapid, simple and inexpensive method to measure antioxidant capacity of food involves the use of the free radical, 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). DPPH is widely used to test the ability of compounds to act as free radical scavengers or hydrogen donors, and to evaluate antioxidant activity of foods. It has also been used to quantify antioxidants in complex biological systems in recent years.  The odd electron in the DPPH free radical gives a strong absorption maximum at 517 nm and is purple in color. The color turns from purple to yellow as the molar absorptivity of the DPPH radical at 517 nm when the odd electron of DPPH radical becomes paired with hydrogen from a free radical scavenging antioxidant to form the reduced DPPH-H. The resulting decolorization is stoichiometric with respect to number of electrons captured.

Procedure

The DPPH radical scavenging was determined according to the method of Shimada et al., (1992), with whose modification. In 96-wells plate, the test samples were allowed to react with 2.2Di (4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-picryl-hydrazyl stable free radical (DPPH) for half an hour at 37ºC. The concentration of DPPH was kept as (300μM). The test samples were dissolved in DMSO while DPPH was prepared in ethanol. After incubation, decrease in absorbance was measured at 517nm using multiplate reader spectrophotometer. Percentage radical scavenging activity by samples was determined in comparison with a DMSO treated control group. All tests and analysis were run in triplicate.

Percent of DPPH inhibition= [(AB-AA)/AB] × 100

Where; AA and AB are the absorbance values of the test and of the blank sample, respectively. A percent inhibition versus concentration curve was plotted.

Statistical analysis

All data are presented as mean ±standard deviation of the mean – statistical analysis for all the assays result were done  using students t-test  significance was tribute to probability values P<0>

Result and Discussion

Modern pharmacology, however, relies on refined chemicals - either obtained from plants, or synthesized. The first pure medicinal substance derived from plants was morphine, extracted from the opium poppy at the turn of the 19thcentury.Often; chemicals extracted from plants are altered to produce drugs. For example, diosgenin is obtained from various yam (Dioscorea) species of South America, and is converted to progesterone, the basis of the oral contraceptive pill. Aspirin-like chemicals were once obtained from willows (Salix species) and European meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria), but aspirin is now synthesized in the laboratory.Numerous medicines in use today are extracted from plants. About 50 to 60% of pharmaceutical drugs are either of natural origin or obtained through use of natural products as starting points in their synthesis (Verlet, 1990; Balandrin et al., 1993). Higher plants have given rise to about 120 commercial drugs and 10-25% of all prescription drugs contain at least one active compound from a higher plant (Duke, 1993; Cox and Balick, 1994).

P. juliflora leaves showed high activity against HeLa cell Lines (IC50 56.02 µg/ml), as well as very high DPPH (IC50 40.81µg/ml).Leaves were found to be not toxic on normal cell lines (IC50 >100µg/ml). The previous study showed that Prosopis juliflora contain many secondary metabolites compounds for example the leaves contain tannins, acids, glycosides, flavonoids and alkaloids, (Sathiya and Muthuchelian, 2008).The leaves can be used for forage. Providing good bee pasturage also, nectar from mesquite yields a superior honey. Bark, rich in tannin, is used for roofing in Colombia. The gum forms adhesive mucilage, used as an emulsifying agent. Gum is used in confectionary and mending pottery. Roots contain 6–7% tannin, which might discourage Rhizobia. The juice is used in folk remedies for cancerous condition and reported to be cathartic, cyanogenetic, discutient, emetic, stomachic, and vulnerary, mesquite is a folk remedy for catarrh, colds, diarrhea, dysentery, excrescences, eyes, flu, headcold, hoarseness, inflammation, itch, measles, pinkeye, stomachache, sore throat, and wounds, Pima Indians drank the hot tea for sore throat (Lewis and Elvin-Lewis, 1977). Per 100 g, the flowers is reported to contain (ZMB): 21.0 g protein, 3.2 g fat, 65.8 g total carbohydrate, 15.5 g fiber, 10.0 g ash, 1,310 mg Ca, and 400 mg P. Leaves contain 19.0 g protein, 2.9 g fat, 69.6 g total carbohydrate, total carbohydrate, 21.6 g fiber, 8.5 g ash, 2,080 mg Ca, and 220 g P. Fruits contain 13.9 g protein, 3.0 g fat, 78.3 g total carbohydrate, 27.7 g fiber, and 4.8 g ash. Seeds contain (ZMB) 65.2 g protein, 7.8 g fat, 21.8 g total carbohydrate, 2.8 g fiber, and 5.2 g ash. (FAO.1981a). Another analysis of the fruit shows 14.35% water (hygroscopic), 1.64% oil, 16.36% starch, 30.25% glucose, 0.85% nitrogenous material, 5.81% tannin-like material, 3.5% mineral salts, and 27.24

Acknowledgements

Our gratefullness to Dr Waeil Elsadig taxonomist team leader at MAPRI for the identification of plant species. Sincere thanks for Professor Aisha Zuheir Almagboul (MAPRI).

References

Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.

img

Virginia E. Koenig

Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.

img

Delcio G Silva Junior

Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.

img

Ziemlé Clément Méda

Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.

img

Mina Sherif Soliman Georgy

We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.

img

Layla Shojaie

The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.

img

Sing-yung Wu

Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.

img

Orlando Villarreal

Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.

img

Katarzyna Byczkowska

Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.

img

Anthony Kodzo-Grey Venyo

Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.

img

Pedro Marques Gomes

Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.

img

Bernard Terkimbi Utoo

This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.

img

Prof Sherif W Mansour

Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.

img

Hao Jiang

As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.

img

Dr Shiming Tang

Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.

img

Raed Mualem

International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.

img

Andreas Filippaios

Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.

img

Dr Suramya Dhamija

Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.

img

Bruno Chauffert

I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!

img

Baheci Selen

"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".

img

Jesus Simal-Gandara

I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.

img

Douglas Miyazaki

We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.

img

Dr Griffith

I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.

img

Dr Tong Ming Liu

I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.

img

Husain Taha Radhi

I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.

img

S Munshi

Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.

img

Tania Munoz

“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.

img

George Varvatsoulias

Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.

img

Rui Tao

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.

img

Khurram Arshad

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.

img

Gomez Barriga Maria Dolores

The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.

img

Lin Shaw Chin

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.

img

Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.

img

Dr Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.

img

Dr Maria Regina Penchyna Nieto

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.

img

Dr Marcelo Flavio Gomes Jardim Filho

Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”

img

Zsuzsanna Bene

Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner

img

Dr Susan Weiner

My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.

img

Lin-Show Chin

My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.

img

Sonila Qirko

My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.

img

Luiz Sellmann

I would like to offer my testimony in the support. I have received through the peer review process and support the editorial office where they are to support young authors like me, encourage them to publish their work in your esteemed journals, and globalize and share knowledge globally. I really appreciate your journal, peer review, and editorial office.

img

Zhao Jia