AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2768-0487/097
1 Department of Biochemistry, PGIMS Rohtak.
2 Department of Medicine, PGIMS Rohtak.
3 Department of Pathology, MAMC, New Delhi.
4 Department of Pharmacology, PGIMS Rohtak.
*Corresponding Author: Monika Verma, Department of Pharmacology, PGIMS Rohtak.
Citation: Kumar S., Dahiya K., H.K. Aggarwal, Ahlawat R., Verma M., et al., (2023), Role of Serum and Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin as A Biomarker in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy, Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Research. 6(1); DOI:10.31579/2768-0487/097
Copyright: © 2023, Monika Verma. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 11 April 2023 | Accepted: 25 April 2023 | Published: 05 May 2023
Keywords: diabetes mellitus; diabetic nephropathy; sngal; ungal
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Early detection and intervention of DN can slow its progression and improve patient’s outcomes. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a marker of tubular damage might become a useful early biomarker for the evaluation of renal involvement in diabetic patients. We aimed to evaluate the serum and urine NGAL (sNGAL and uNGAL) in patients of diabetic nephropathy. The present study was conducted on 40 diagnosed patients of DN and 40 patients of diabetes mellitus without nephropathy. NGAL was analysed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared statistically between two groups. Serum and urinary NGAL levels were found significantly elevated in patients with DN as compared to DM (p<0.05). Therefore, NGAL might act as a potential biomarker in patients with diabetic nephropathy.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a state of metabolic dysregulation characterized by hyperglycemia which may emerge from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Patients of DM may present with wide array of symptoms such as polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, sometimes polyphagia, and blurred vision. It may be due to autoimmune destruction of the β-cells of the pancreas with consequent insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. [1] There are two main types of diabetes mellitus- type 1(T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM), most common being T2DM. T1DM has autoimmune pathology, is insulin dependent and mostly seen in children, whereas, T2DM is non-insulin dependent type and is commonly known as adult-onset diabetes. The associated chronic hyperglycemia in due course of time may lead to dysfunction or failure of various organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels. It can lead to microvascular and macrovascular complications. Microvascular complications include nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy while macrovascular ones pertain mainly to cardiovascular system e.g., transient ischemic attack, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, stroke and peripheral arterial disease. [2] Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal failure and death in diabetic patients. Hyperglycemia, increased blood pressure levels and genetic predisposition are several risk factors responsible for development of DN. [3] Increased urinary albumin excretion is an early indicator of DN which is mainly due to dysfunction of the glomerular barrier. It is categorized into two stages: microalbuminuria [with urinary albumin excretion (UAE) Greater than 20 μg/min and less than or Equal to199 μg/min] and macroalbuminuria (with UAE Greater than or Equal to200 μg/min). Early diagnosis of DN is crucial for its treatment. [3] Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL), also known as lipocalin -2 (LCN-2), is a member of lipocalin protein family and is encoded by LCN-2 gene on chromosome 9. It is one of the earlier proteins released from the renal tubules after ischemic or toxic damage. Tubular injury may lead to glomerular injury in diabetic patients and NGAL may be used as a biomarker to diagnose DN even earlier to development of microalbuminuria. [4] Therefore, to assess their association with DN, serum and urinary NGAL were analysed in diabetic patients with and without DN.
For this study, 40 diagnosed patients of DN and 40 patients of diabetes mellitus were enrolled. Diagnosis was established with the help of detailed history and laboratory investigations. Staging was done according to joint committee on DN 2014. [5] All the subjects were divided into two groups: Group 1(cases)- patients with diabetic nephropathy (n=40) and group 2 (controls)- patients with diabetes mellitus without nephropathy (n=40).All the patients with diabetic nephropathy irrespective of age, sex and staging of the disease were included and the patients who were pregnant, lactating women, suffering from chronic diseases like tuberculosis, chronic liver disease, malabsorption syndromes, cardiovascular diseases, malignancies and taking vitamin supplements were excluded. Sample size was calculated keeping the power to 0.80. Blood samples and 24-hour urine samples were collected from all the subjects. Serum NGAL, urinary NGAL and albuminuria was analysed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). [6-7] Routine biochemistry parameters were estimated on auto analyser (Randox Suzuka, United Kingdom) using standard kits provided by Randox laboratories and complete haemogram was done using an automated cell counter (Mindray, China, model no BC 5800). The data was compiled and analysed using Chi square test, Fisher’s exact test. Quantitative data was analysed with student t-test (unpaired). Relationship between variables was analysed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Demographic variables (i.e., age and sex) were investigated with the descriptive analysis. A probability of Less than0.05 was considered statistically significant.
The mean age in cases was 55.22±10.54 years (30-70 years) and in controls was 55.2±14.90 years (24-86 years) (p Greater than 0.05). The sex ratio (male: female) was comparable as cases had sex ratio of 26:14 and controls had ratio of 27:13. The levels of serum urea, creatinine and uric acid were found statistically higher in cases as compared to controls (p Less than0.05) as shown in table 1. The levels of blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were not found statistically significant in the two groups (p Greater than0.05) as shown in table 2. The difference in levels of sNGAL, uNGAL and albuminuria were found statistically highly significanty different (p Less than0.05) in two groups as shown in table 3. In cases, the correlation of serum HbA1c with sNGAL (r=0.16, p=0.32), HbA1c with uNGAL (r=0.01, p=0.95) and in controls the correlation of serum HbA1c with sNGAL (r=0.16, p=0.32) and HbA1c with uNGAL (r=-0.31, p=0.05) was not found statistically significant as shown in graphs 1 and 2.
Table 1: Levels of serum urea, creatinine and uric acid in cases and controls
Table 2: Levels of fasting glucose, post prandial glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in cases and controls
Table 3: Levels of sNGAL, uNGAL and urine albumin in cases and controls
Graph 1: Scattered diagram showing correlation between levels of serum HbA1c with sNGAL and uNGAL in cases
Correlation between levels of serum HbA1c with sNGAL and uNGAL in cases
Graph 2: Scattered diagram showing correlation between levels of serum HbA1c with sNGAL and uNGAL in controls Correlation between levels of serum HbA1c with sNGAL and uNGAL in controls
DN is the most common and serious complication of diabetes affecting 20-40 percentage of all the diabetic patients and it is the predominant cause of chronic kidney disease. [8] Serum levels of urea, creatinine and uric acid were found significantly higher in cases as compared to controls indicating the renal damage and reinforcing the diagnosis of DN in these patients. The serum urea is one of the established markers of glomerular damage. Several molecules like transform in growth factor beta (TGFβ), angiotensin convertase enzyme (ACE), angiotensin 1 (AT1), angiotensin 2(AT2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pro inflammatory cytokines are released due to alternating dilatation and relaxation of podocyte and mesangial cells. This process leads to structural and functional changes in the glomeruli, thereby, causing abnormal excretion of urea. [9] Secondly, hyperglycemia, over a span of few years, causes non-enzymatic attachment of glucose to proteins, lipids, nucleic acids resulting in the formation of advanced glycation end (AGE) products. These AGEs bind to receptors for AGE and activate the cell signaling molecules leading to increased oxidative stress and renal injury. Although, the serum creatinine is a more sensitive marker of DN as compared to serum urea levels, but its sensitivity is poor in the early stages of renal impairment because it does not rise until marked decrease in GFR occurs. In diabetic nephropathy, renal damage is to such an extent that cannot be early detected by raised serum creatinine levels due to inability of kidney to function properly and excrete creatinine. [10] The increased levels of serum uric acid in patients of diabetic nephropathy, though, incompletely understood but were found to be in accordance with the study done by Ali Momeni in diabetic patients. [11] It suggests that the increased levels of uric acid may be due to the glycosylation of inter renal proteins. Hyper glycaemia causes increase in glucose concentration within the mesangial cells leading to mesangial apoptosis and increased uric acid levels. Defective endothelial function and renin angiotensin system along with the insulin resistance are the contributing factors for increased levels of serum uric acid in patients with diabetic nephropathy. [12] Increased passage of albumin through the glomerular filtration barrier leads to microalbuminuria. Ultrastructural changes along with glomerular pressure and filtration rate are responsible for microalbuminuria. Though abnormal selective glomerular permeability can be confirmed in early DN but it does not correspond well with reported glomerular structural changes. The systemic endothelial glycocalyx which is a protein-rich surface layer on the endothelium is severely damaged in diabetes which contributes to microalbuminuria. Microalbuminuria, systemic endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease are closely associated with one atheronals massively released in blood and urine from injured tubular cells. It is elevated even before the appearance of pathological albuminuria, possibly due to its small size. [13] Under normal circumstances, it is rapidly filtered and efficiently reabsorbed by proximal tubules, leaving only 0.1–0.2 percentage in the urine. [14] Source of NGAL can be renal or extra renal. Extra renal NGAL contributes to circulating NGAL, the elevated uNGAL levels could also be a consequence of higher circulating NGAL level. Therefore, both the sNGAL and uNGAL measurements contribute to determine if the increase in NGAL is from renal or extrarenal etiology. [15] NGAL is significantly released after renal tubular injury, much before the appearance of other molecules such as creatinine. There is a growing hypothesis that tubular phase of diabetic disease precedes classic glomerular lesions. For example, a tubular hypertrophy and a reduced organic ion transport activity were demonstrated to be already apparent before the onset of albuminuria, probably since the renal tubule is persistently exposed to a variety of metabolic and hemodynamic factors associated with diabetic disease. So, elevated NGAL may exhibit the degree of subclinical tubular impairment and represents an earlier measurable index of renal suffering. Therefore, it may be concluded that the serum and urinary levels of NGAL have the potential to act as biomarkers in patients with diabetic nephropathy and might possess a bearing in deciding or modifying the treatment modalities for these patients.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
I would like to offer my testimony in the support. I have received through the peer review process and support the editorial office where they are to support young authors like me, encourage them to publish their work in your esteemed journals, and globalize and share knowledge globally. I really appreciate your journal, peer review, and editorial office.
