Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2692-9759/201
1Department of History, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India.
2Department of Statistics, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India.
3Department of Political Science, Govt. Degree College Gandacherra, Dhalai, Tripura, India.
4Dept. of Agricultural Statistics, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar, W.B., India.
5Department of Statistics, Independent University, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
*Corresponding Author: Rabindra Nath Das, Department of Statistics, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India.
Citation: Mahashweta Das, Gaurab Bhattacharyya, Prabir Chakraborty, Deb Sankar Gupta, Shipra Banik, et al, (2026), Disease Modifying Therapeutics Prevalently Available for Transthyretin (ATTR) Cardiac Amyloidosis: Avenues for Attenuating Disease Progression and Improving Functional Quality of Life, Cardiology Research and Reports, 8(4); DOI:10.31579/2692-9759/201
Copyright: © 2026, Rabindra Nath Das. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 27 August 2026 | Accepted: 08 September 2026 | Published: 14 September 2026
Keywords: body mass index (bmi); brain stroke (str); blood glucose (glu) level; heart disease (hrt) status; hypertension (hyp); joint generalized linear models (jglms)
The article identifies the correlation (or associations) between body mass index (BMI) and brain stroke patients using 750 real study subjects including both normal and brain stroke individuals. The present outcomes have been obtained herein using joint statistical modeling. It is derived herein that mean BMI is negatively associated with the joint interaction effect (JIE) of age and hypertension (HYP) i.e., AGE*HYP (P=0.0040), age and heart disease (HRT) status i.e., AGE*HRT (P<0.0001), age and stroke (STR) i.e., AGE*STR (P=0.0013), HYP and smoking (SMO) status i.e., HYP*SMO (P=0.0102), while it is positively associated with the JIEs of residence type (RES) and STR i.e., RES*STR (P=0.0438), HYP and HRT i.e., HYP*HRT (P=0.0119) and HRT*STR (P=0.0493). In addition, mean BMI is positively associated with the JIE of glucose (GLU) levels and ever married (MAR) i.e., GLU*MAR (P=0.0232), GLU and work type (WOR) i.e., GLU*WOR (P=0.0312) and GLU*SMO (P=0.0383). Moreover, the variance of BMI is positively associated with the JIEs of RES*HYP (P = 0.0449), HRT*STR (P=0.0003), GLU*HYP (P=0.0504), SMO*HYP (P=0.1975), while it is negatively associated with the JIE of HRT*RES (P=0.0176). Also the variance of BMI is positively associated with GLU*HYP (P=0.0504), and it is negatively associated with GLU*GEN (P=0.2046). There are some more associations of BMI levels with some other factors for brain stroke patients in the both mean and variance models. These derived associations of BMI with heart and diabetes diseases factors, and also physical and lifestyle parameters may be helpful for the brain stroke patients, medical practitioners and researchers. In addition, care should be taken on BMI, glucose levels and smoking at older ages.
Overweight (or obesity) and body mass index (BMI) are major global health issues that are associated with increased brain stroke and mortality rates. In the past two decades, overweight and obesity have reached a very high level over the world, and these invite major public health issues [1]. The total obesity and overweight trends have increased since 2000, even although the high-income population showed a slow-down between 2000 and 2010 [2]. Some studies pointed out that being overweight is one of the causal risk factors for chronic diseases such as heart and diabetes, and it leads to metabolic dysfunctions that lead to cardiovascular disease and death [3,4]. Brain stroke and simply stroke are considered as the second leading cause of death globally and they reveal a substantial contributor to impairment [5,6]. Overweight or high BIM level, being a risk factor for brain stroke [7]. and it requires a thorough investigation of its causal factors and effects on stroke outcomes for enhanced treatment strategies and prevention [8]. BMI is the most used obesity index that is associated with more comorbidities [9]. less quality of life, poorer social functioning and impaired physical function [10]. Several current studies show that the association between BMI and health risk factors is more intricate than previously realized [11]. Paradoxically, higher BMI level was also associated with better survival in various cardiovascular conditions such as acute myocardial infarction [12]. heart failure [13]. coronary artery bypass surgery [14]. coronary artery disease [15]. and valvular surgery [16]. This “obesity paradox” has led many to wonder if the same shielding properties of high BMI level could apply to those with a stroke. This current study sought to examine the associations between BMI and all-cause mortality of brain stroke patients. Note that BMI is a body fat measure, which is calculated based on height (in meter) and weight (in kg), and it is generally ranging from 18 to 35, and it is defined as BMI= Weight (kg) / Height (m2). Here it is observed that BMI is a composite function of obesity, which is a widely used screening tool in medical science, and it provides a simple obesity’s numeric measure of a subject’s weight in relation to its height as stated above. BMI is commonly applied to categorize individuals as underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese. It is considered as an important risk factor for many diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hormonal disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) etc. [1,9,17,18]. People are categorized as underweight class if BMI values < 18.5. When the BMI value lies between 18.5 to 24.9, the people are categorized as normal weight. When the BMI value lies between 25.0 to 29.9, the people are categorized as overweight. When the BMI value lies between 30.0 to 34.9, the people are categorized as obese (class I). When the BMI value lies between 35.0 to 39.9, the people are categorized as obese (class II). People are categorized as extremely obese (class III) if BMI values > 39.8. In the above, it is observed that many earlier research articles have studied the effects of BMI on the brain stroke patients applying simple bivariate correlation, simple or multiple regression, statistical modelling, machine learning and meta-analysis approaches [1, 6, 8, 11, 19]. The considered brain stroke data set is a physiological heteroscedastic data set, which is not considered in the previous articles. Therefore, the previous studies regarding the association of BMI with the several parameters of the brain stroke patients are misleading. In addition, there are very few previous articles regarding the relationship of BMI with the other risk factors of the brain stroke patients. Moreover, the earlier articles do not adopt any appropriate model fitting diagnostic tools on their final accepted BMI models, which may be doubtful. The effects of body mass index on the brain stroke subjects are very few examined based on probabilistic modeling. The present report examines the following research hypotheses regarding BMI of the brain stroke subjects.
• Is there any association of BMI values with cardiac risk factors, lifestyle and physical factors for brain stroke patients?
• If it is valid, how can we obtain the most probable BMI values association model?
• What is the most probable BMI values probabilistic model?
• What are the effects of BMI values on the brain stroke subjects?
The current report explores the above research queries considering the following paragraphs such as materials & methods, statistical analysis & results, discussions, limitations and conclusions. The report has obtained a BMI values probabilistic model revealed in Table 1 adopting the brain stroke data set, which is displayed in the materials section. The probabilistic BMI values mean-variance models are derived by joint generalized linear models (JGLMs) that is shortly stated in the methods section. The present obtained BMI findings are reported in the results section, while the current BMI outcomes are illustrated in the discussion section. Based on the derived BMI values mean & variance joint models, the current article has obtained some necessary information that are illustrated in the conclusions section.
2.1 Materials
The present BMI values statistical joint models have been derived herein from a subset of 750 random sample units out of 4981 normal and brain stroke sample subjects. The currently used brain-stroke data set. The data set includes both normal and brain strokes subjects, which are basically two types. One type is stroke ischemic, which is the lack of blood flow, and the other type is hemorrhagic that is due to bleeding. These two brain stroke types affect some parts of the brain to stop functioning properly.
The present used brain stroke data set includes 11 study characters/factors such as sex or gender (GEN) (male=0; female=1), hypertension (HYP) (no hypertension=0, hypertension=1), age, heart disease (HRT) (no heart disease= 0, heart disease =1), work type (WOK) (Govt job=1; private=2; self-employed=3; children=0), ever-married (MAR) (no married=0; married=1), residence-type (RES) (rural=0; urban=1), body mass index (BMI), average glucose level in blood (GLU), stroke (STR) (no stroke=0; stroke=1), smoking-status (SMO) (never smoke or former=1; smoker=2).
2.2 Statistical Methods
The report considers body mass index (BMI) as the aimed random response variable that is to be modeled with the remaining lifestyle, cardiac and physical characteristics/factors. It is examined that the response BMI is heteroscedastic and non-normally distributed random variable. The variance of BMI can’t be stabilized by any suitable transformation, so BMI is modeled in the present report using joint generalized linear models (JGLMs) under both the log-normal and gamma distribution, which is clearly illustrated in the books by Lee, Nelder and Pawitan [20], Das [21]. JGLMS for both the gamma and log-normal distribution are shortly presented herein.
JGLMs for log-normal distribution: For the positive response Yi (=BMI) with E(Yi=BMI) = µi (mean) and Var(Yi=BMI) = µi2 = say, where ’s are dispersion parameters and V ( ) reveals the variance function. Generally, log transformation Zi = log(Yi=BMI) is adopted to stabilize the variance Var(Zi) ≈ , but the variance may not always be stabilized [22]. For developing a BMI improved model, JGLMs for the mean and dispersion are adopted herein. For the response BMI, assuming log-normal distribution, JGL mean and dispersion models (with Zi = log(Yi=BMI)) are as follows:
E(Zi)= µzi and Var(Zi) = σzi2,
µzi=xit β and log (σzi2)= git γ,
where xit and git are the explanatory factors/variables vectors of BMI associated with the mean regression coefficients β and dispersion regression coefficients γ, respectively.
JGLMs for gamma distribution: In the above stated Yi’s (=BMI), the variance has two portions such as (based on the mean parameters µi’s) and (free of µi’s). The variance function V ( ) displays the GLM family distributions. For instance, if V( )= 1 , it is normal, Poisson if V( ) = , and gamma if V( ) = etc. Gamma JGLMs mean and dispersion models of BMI are as follows: and, where and are the GLM link functions attached with the mean and dispersion linear predictors respectively, and, are the explanatory factors/variables vectors of BMI attached with the mean and dispersion parameters respectively. Maximum likelihood (ML) method is used for estimating the mean parameters of BMI, while the restricted ML (REML) method is applied for estimating the dispersion parameters of BMI, which are explicitly stated in the book by Lee, Nelder and Pawitan [16]. For JGLMs, interested readers may go through the articles [23,24].
3.1 Statistical Analysis
The current article aims to identify the effects of BMI on the brain stroke patients. Statistical model of BMI has been developed on the remaining 10 explanatory variables such as physical parameters (AGE and SEX or GEN), heart disease related parameters (subject’s heart disease status (HRT), hypertension (HYP) and subject’s stroke status (STR)), biochemical, social & lifestyle parameters (glucose (GLU) levels, residence type (RES), ever married (MAR), work type (WRK), smoking status (SMO)). Final BMI values model has been taken based on the lowest Akaike information criterion (AIC) value (within each class) that reduces both the squared error loss and predicted additive errors [25, p. 203--204]. According to the AIC rule, JGLMs Log-normal fit (AIC= 3890.222) is better than gamma fit (AIC=3897.474). Table 1 reveals the summarized JGLMs results of the BMI values analysis of both the joint mean-variance models under both the log-normal and gamma distribution. Final selected log-normal model (Table 1) contains some partially significant effects such as AGE*WOR (or age.workty2) (P=0.1070) (mean model), GLU*GEN (or glucose.gen2) (P=0.2046) (variance model), SMO*HYP (or smoking.hypert2) (P=0.1975) (variance model) and RES*MAR (or resi2.emarried2) (P=0.1101). These partially significant effects may have a great role in the model and they are known as confounders or interaction effects in the subject Epidemiology. All other insignificant effects are included in both the models using the marginality rule of Nelder [26], which states that if any higher order interaction effect is significant, then all its lower order interaction effects and marginal effects should be included in the model.
Figure 1 (a)
Figure 1 (b)
Figure 1: For the joint Log-normal fitted models of body mass index (BMI) (Table 1), the (a) absolute residuals plot with the fitted values, and (b) the normal probability plot for mean model
The developed BMI values Log-normal fitted JGLM (Table 1) is a data obtained model that is to be tested by model checking tools. The current valid conclusions about BMI levels are extracted from the data derived Log-normal fitted BMI levels probabilistic joint models (Table 1) that should be taken using suitable graphical diagnostic tools that is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1(a) reveals the absolute residuals plot for the Log-normal fitted BMI vales model (Table 1) with respect to the fitted values, which is almost linear flat line, showing that variance is constant with the running means. Figure 1(b) presents the normal probability plot for the Log-normal fitted BMI values mean model (Table 1) that does not reveal any lack of fit. Therefore, both the figures 1(a) and (1b) do not show any discrepancy in the Log-normal fitted BMI values model (Table 1). The above Figure 1(a) and Figure 1(b) confirm that the Log-normal fitted BMI values model is an approximate form of the unknown true BMI values model.
3.2 Results
Table 1 displays the BMI values fitting summarized results. On the basis of AIC rule, Log-normal fitted BMI values JGLM gives better results than Gamma fitted model. Therefore, the final accepted BMI values model is Log-normal fitted JGLM. These fitted two models have some discrepancies, which are clear in Table 1. But both the models have similar interpretations. The common discrepancies between the fitted Log-normal and Gamma models are pointed out in the articles by Das [27], Das and Park [28]. In the current article, Log-normal fitted (Table 1) findings are reported, as its AIC value is lower than the Gamma fit. The associations between the mean BMI values and heart disease related parameters (subject’s heart disease status (HRT), hypertension (HYP) and subject’s stroke status (STR)) are illustrated in the following lines. It is derived herein that mean BMI values is negatively associated with the joint interaction effect (JIE) of age and hypertension (HYP) i.e., AGE*HYP (P=0.0040), while both the marginal effects AGE (P<0.0001) and HYP (P=0.0003) are positively associated with mean BMI. Mean BMI is negatively associated with the JIE of age and heart disease (HRT) status i.e., AGE*HRT (P<0.0001), while both the marginal effects AGE (P<0.0001) and HRT (P<0.0001) are positively associated with mean BMI. Mean BMI is negatively associated with the JIE of age and stroke (STR) i.e., AGE*STR (P=0.0013), while both the marginal effects AGE (P<0.0001) and STR (P=0.0099) are positively associated with mean BMI. Mean BMI is negatively associated with the JIE of HYP and smoking (SMO) status i.e., HYP*SMO (P=0.0102), while HYP (P=0.0003) is positively and SMO (P=0.0150) is negatively associated with mean BMI. Also, mean BMI is positively associated with the JIEs of residence type (RES) and STR i.e., RES*STR (P=0.0438), while both the RES (P=0.0206) and STR (P=0.0099) are positively associated with BMI. Mean BMI is positively associated with the JIEs of HYP and HRT i.e., HYP*HRT (P=0.0119), while both the HYP (P=0.0003) and HRT (P<0.0001) are positively associated with BMI. Mean BMI is positively associated with the JIEs of HRT and STR i.e., HRT*STR (P=0.0493), while both the HRT (P<0.0001) and STR (P=0.0099) are positively associated with BMI. In addition, mean BMI is positively associated with the JIE of glucose (GLU) levels and ever married (MAR) i.e., GLU*MAR (P=0.0232), while MAR (P=0.0152) is positively associated with BMI and GLU (P=0.2556) is indifferent to BMI. Mean BMI is positively associated with the JIE of GLU levels and work type (WOR) i.e., GLU*WOR (P=0.0312), while WOR is partially positively associated with BMI, but GLU level (P=0.2556) is indifferent to BMI. Mean BMI is positively associated with the JIE of GLU levels and SMO i.e., GLU*SMO (P=0.0383), while SMO (P=0.0150) is negatively associated with mean BMI, but GLU level (P=0.2556) is indifferent to BMI. Moreover, the variance of BMI is positively associated with the JIEs of RES*HYP (P = 0.0449), while RES (P=0.0408) is positively associated with the BMI’s variance and HYP (P=0.0019) is negatively associated with it. BMI’s variance is positively associated with the JIEs of HRT*STR (P=0.0003), while HRT (P=0.0001) is negatively associated with BMI’s variance, but STR (P=0.7643) is insignificant to it. BMI’s variance is partially positively associated with the JIEs of SMO*HYP (P=0.1975), while HYP (P=0.0019) is negatively associated with BMI’s variance, but SMO (P=0.9761) is indifferent to it. Also, BMI’s variance is negatively associated with the JIE of HRT*RES (P=0.0176), while HRT (P=0.0001) is negatively associated with BMI’s variance, and RES (P=0.0408) is positively associated with it.Also the variance of BMI is positively associated with GLU*HYP (P=0.0504), while HYP (P=0.0019) is negatively associated with BMI’s variance, but GLU (P=0.7264) is insignificant to it. In addition, BMI’s variance is partially negatively associated with GLU*GEN (P=0.2046), while GEN (P=0.0034) is positively associated with BMI’s variance, but GLU (P=0.7264) is insignificant to it. There are some more mean BMI levels associations with some other factors such as GEN*SMO (P=0.0017), AGE*MAR (P=0.0020), AGE*RES (P=0.0066), MAR*WOR (P=0.0378), while BMI’s variance is additionally associated with AGE*SMO (P=0.0994), RES*MAR (P=0.1101) and SMO*WOR (P=0.0859) for brain stroke patients in the both mean and variance models (Table 1). From Table1, Log-normal fitted GLU levels mean ( z) model is z = 3.1062 - 0.0005 glucose + 0.3444 hypert2 + 0.1617 emarried2 + 0.1315 workty2 + 0.1084 res2 + 0.0047 age – 0.0446 gen2 – 0.0784 smoking2 + 0.0801 gen2*smoking2 – 0.0041 age*hypert2 + 0.5537 heartd2 – 0.0087 age* heartd2 – 0.0028 age*emarried2 – 0.0022 age*res2 + 0.2053 stroke2 – 0.0038 age*stroke2 + 0.0009 glucose*emarried2 + 0.0621 res2*stroke2 – 0.1024 emarried2* workty2 + 0.0959 hypert2* heartd2 – 0.0839 hypert2* smoking2 + 0.0617 heartd2* stroke2 + 0.0005 glucose* workty2 + 0.0005 glucose* smoking2 – 0.0016 age*workty2, and from Table 1, the Log-normal fitted BMI levels variance ( z) model is z = exp.(-3.647 – 0.0028 age + 0.839 gen2 – 1.854 heartd2 + 0.547 resi2 + 0.0006 glucose – 0.0028 glucose*gen2 – 0.014 smoking2 – 0.0115 age*smoking2 – 1.443 heartd2 + 0.663 res2*hypert2 + 0.445 smoking2* hypert2 – 1.022 heartd2*resi2 - 0.047 stroke2 + 1.804 heartd2* stroke2 + 0.285 emarried2 – 0.472 resi2*emarried2 – 0.156 workty2 + 0.524 smoking2*workty2 + 0.0052 glucose* hypert2). From the above BMI values mean ( z) and variance ( z) models, it is noted that mean BMI values is explained by many factors and their interaction effects such as gen2*smoking2, age*hypert2, age* heartd2, age*emarried2, age*res2, age*stroke2, glucose*emarried2, res2*stroke2, emarried2*workty2, hypert2* heartd2, hypert2*smoking2, heartd2*stroke2, glucose*workty2, glucose*smoking2, age*workty2, while the BMI values variance is expressed by glucose*gen2, age*smoking2, res2*hypert2, smoking2*hypert2, heartd2*resi2, heartd2*stroke2, resi2*emarried2, smoking2*workty2 and glucose* hypert2.
| Model | Covariates | LOG-NORMAL FIT | GAMMA FIT | ||||||
| estimate | s.e. | t(611) | P-value | Estimate | s.e. | t(611) | P-value | ||
Mean | constant | 3.1062 | 0.0806 | 38.514 | <0.0001 | 3.1238 | 0.0811 | 38.536 | <0.0001 |
| Glucose (GLU) | -0.0005 | 0.0004 | -1.138 | 0.2556 | -0.0005 | 0.0004 | -1.188 | 0.2353 | |
| hypert 2 (HYP) | 0.3444 | 0.0948 | 3.632 | 0.0003 | 0.3331 | 0.0948 | 3.513 | 0.0005 | |
| emarried 2(MAR) | 0.1617 | 0.0664 | 2.435 | 0.0152 | 0.1648 | 0.0664 | 2.481 | 0.0134 | |
| workty 2 (WOR) | 0.1315 | 0.0704 | 1.866 | 0.0625 | 0.1288 | 0.0709 | 1.818 | 0.0695 | |
| resi 2 (RES) | 0.1084 | 0.0467 | 2.321 | 0.0206 | 0.1197 | 0.0469 | 2.550 | 0.0110 | |
| Age (AGE) | 0.0047 | 0.0011 | 4.251 | <0.0001 | 0.0047 | 0.0011 | 4.222 | <0.0001 | |
| gen 2 (GEN) | -0.0446 | 0.0179 | -2.484 | 0.0132 | -0.0364 | 0.0180 | -2.025 | 0.0433 | |
| smoking 2 (SMO) | -0.0787 | 0.0322 | -2.440 | 0.0150 | -0.0785 | 0.0321 | -2.447 | 0.0147 | |
| gen 2 .smoking 2 | 0.0801 | 0.0254 | 3.157 | 0.0017 | 0.0767 | 0.0253 | 3.032 | 0.0025 | |
| age.hypert 2 | -0.0041 | 0.0014 | -2.891 | 0.0040 | -0.0040 | 0.0014 | -2.821 | 0.0049 | |
| heartd 2 (HRT) | 0.5537 | 0.0936 | 5.914 | <0.0001 | 0.5436 | 0.0929 | 5.852 | <0.0001 | |
| age.heartd 2 | -0.0087 | 0.0014 | -6.340 | <0.0001 | -0.0087 | 0.0014 | -6.412 | <0.0001 | |
| age.emarried 2 | -0.0028 | 0.0009 | -3.108 | 0.0020 | -0.0029 | 0.0009 | -3.263 | 0.0012 | |
| age.resi 2 | -0.0022 | 0.0008 | -2.725 | 0.0066 | -0.0023 | 0.0008 | -2.916 | 0.0037 | |
| stroke 2 (STR) | 0.2053 | 0.0793 | 2.588 | 0.0099 | 0.1933 | 0.0796 | 2.429 | 0.0154 | |
| age.stroke 2 | -0.0038 | 0.0012 | -3.233 | 0.0013 | -0.0037 | 0.0012 | -3.088 | 0.0021 | |
| glucose.emarried 2 | 0.0009 | 0.0004 | 2.276 | 0.0232 | 0.0009 | 0.0004 | 2.323 | 0.0205 | |
| resi2 .stroke 2 | 0.0621 | 0.0307 | 2.020 | 0.0438 | 0.0636 | 0.0307 | 2.071 | 0.0388 | |
| emarried2 .workty 2 | -0.1024 | 0.0492 | -2.081 | 0.0378 | -0.0977 | 0.0494 | -1.977 | 0.0485 | |
| hypert2 .heartd 2 | 0.0905 | 0.0359 | 2.523 | 0.0119 | 0.0937 | 0.0357 | 2.623 | 0.0089 | |
| hypert2 .smoking 2 | -0.0839 | 0.0326 | -2.575 | 0.0102 | -0.0821 | 0.0326 | -2.519 | 0.0120 | |
| heartd2 .stroke 2 | 0.0617 | 0.0313 | 1.970 | 0.0493 | 0.0666 | 0.0311 | 2.140 | 0.0327 | |
| glucose.workty 2 | 0.0005 | 0.0002 | 2.160 | 0.0312 | 0.0005 | 0.0002 | 2.171 | 0.0303 | |
| glucose.smoking 2 | 0.0005 | 0.0002 | 2.076 | 0.0383 | 0.0005 | 0.0002 | 2.076 | 0.0383 | |
| age.workty 2 | -0.0016 | 0.0010 | -1.614 | 0.1070 | -0.0016 | 0.0010 | -1.618 | 0.1062 | |
Dispersion | Constant | -3.647 | 0.375 | -9.71 | <0.0001 | -3.621 | 0.374 | -9.67 | <0.0001 |
| Age (AGE) | -0.0028 | 0.0046 | -0.62 | 0.5355 | -0.0030 | 0.0045 | -0.66 | 0.5095 | |
| gen 2 (GEN) | 0.839 | 0.286 | 2.94 | 0.0034 | 0.862 | 0.285 | 3.03 | 0.0025 | |
| heartd 2 (HRT) | -1.854 | 0.481 | -3.86 | 0.0001 | -1.868 | 0.481 | -3.88 | 0.0001 | |
| resi 2 (RES) | 0.547 | 0.266 | 2.05 | 0.0408 | 0.506 | 0.265 | 1.91 | 0.0566 | |
| Glucose (GLU) | 0.0006 | 0.0018 | 0.35 | 0.7264 | 0.0007 | 0.0018 | 0.37 | 0.7115 | |
| glucose.gen 2 | -0.0028 | 0.0022 | -1.27 | 0.2046 | -0.0030 | 0.0022 | -1.35 | 0.1775 | |
| smoking 2 (SMO) | -0.014 | 0.499 | -0.03 | 0.9761 | 0.031 | 0.498 | 0.06 | 0.9522 | |
| age.smoking 2 | -0.0115 | 0.0070 | -1.65 | 0.0994 | -0.0121 | 0.0069 | -1.74 | 0.0824 | |
| hypert 2 (HYP) | -1.443 | 0.464 | -3.11 | 0.0019 | -1.456 | 0.463 | -3.15 | 0.0017 | |
| resi2 .hypert 2 | 0.663 | 0.330 | 2.01 | 0.0449 | 0.670 | 0.329 | 2.04 | 0.0418 | |
| smoking 2 .hypert 2 | 0.445 | 0.346 | 1.29 | 0.1975 | 0.472 | 0.345 | 1.37 | 0.1712 | |
| heartd2 .resi 2 | -1.022 | 0.429 | -2.38 | 0.0176 | -1.042 | 0.429 | -2.43 | 0.0154 | |
| stroke 2 (STR) | -0.047 | 0.154 | -0.30 | 0.7643 | -0.032 | 0.153 | -0.21 | 0.8337 | |
| heartd2 .stroke 2 | 1.804 | 0.497 | 3.63 | 0.0003 | 1.811 | 0.497 | 3.64 | 0.0003 | |
| emarried 2 (MAR) | 0.285 | 0.228 | 1.25 | 0.2118 | 0.266 | 0.228 | 1.17 | 0.2424 | |
| resi2 .emarried 2 | -0.472 | 0.295 | -1.60 | 0.1101 | -0.450 | 0.294 | -1.53 | 0.1265 | |
| workty 2 (WOR) | -0.156 | 0.182 | -0.85 | 0.3956 | -0.144 | 0.182 | -0.79 | 0.4298 | |
| smoking 2 .workty 2 | 0.524 | 0.304 | 1.72 | 0.0859 | 0.487 | 0.304 | 1.60 | 0.1101 | |
| glucose.hypert 2 | 0.0052 | 0.0027 | 1.96 | 0.0504 | 0.0052 | 0.0027 | 1.96 | 0.0504 | |
| AIC | 3890.222 | 3897.474 | |||||||
Table 1: Results for mean and dispersion models for BMI from Log-normal & Gamma fit
The summarized BMI values analysis findings are presented in Table 1, and it shows that the most suitable BMI values model is Log-normal fitted mean and variance models that are presented in the above results paragraph. These BMI’s mean and variance models reveal many complex associations of BMI values with cardiac, diabetes disease parameters, and along with many other lifestyle, social and physical parameters. The derived associations of BMI values with the above parameters are presented in the following paragraphs. From the Log-normal fitted mean model (Table 1), it is derived herein that mean BMI values is negatively associated with the joint interaction effect (JIE) of age and hypertension (HYP) i.e., AGE*HYP (P=0.0040), while both the marginal effects AGE (P<0.0001) and HYP (P=0.0003) are positively associated with mean BMI. It interprets that mean BMI increases as the joint effect AGE*HYP decreases. In other words, it implies that the individuals at lower ages with higher BMI may have hypertension, which are generally observed in practice. Note that when the joint effect is statistically significant, the marginal effects are not important. Then the marginal effects are less important. Here it is observed that BMI is positively associated with both the AGE and HYP, this implies that as age (hypertension) increases, BMI increases, which is really observed in some cases. Mean BMI is negatively associated with the JIE of age and heart disease (HRT) status i.e., AGE*HRT (P<0.0001), while both the marginal effects AGE (P<0.0001) and HRT (P<0.0001) are positively associated with mean BMI. It implies that BMI increases as the joint effect AGE*HRT decreases. It means that individuals at younger ages with heart disease may have higher BMI values. These are observed in practice. Here also, BMI is positively associated with both the AGE and HRT. This shows that individuals with higher BMI values may have heart disease at older ages, which are really observed in many cases. Mean BMI is negatively associated with the JIE of age and stroke (STR) i.e., AGE*STR (P=0.0013), while both the marginal effects AGE (P<0.0001) and STR (P=0.0099) are positively associated with mean BMI. It implies that BMI increases as the joint effect AGE*STR decreases. It indicates that individuals at younger ages with higher BMI values may have strokes. These are observed in practice. Here also, BMI is positively associated with both the AGE and STR. This implies that individuals with higher BMI values may have strokes at older ages, which are generally observed in many cases. Mean BMI is negatively associated with the JIE of HYP and smoking (SMO) status i.e., HYP*SMO (P=0.0102), while HYP (P=0.0003) is positively and SMO (P=0.0150) is negatively associated with mean BMI values. This reveals that mean BMI value increases as the joint effect HYP*SMO decreases. In other words, BMI value increases for the non-smoker and no-hypertension individuals. Also, mean BMI value is positively associated with HYP, while it is negatively associated with SMO. These show that BMI is higher for hypertension individuals, while it is lower for smokers. These are really observed in practice. Also, mean BMI is positively associated with the JIEs of residence type (RES) and STR i.e., RES*STR (P=0.0438), while both the RES (P=0.0206) and STR (P=0.0099) are positively associated with BMI. This shows that mean BMI value increases as the joint effect RES*STR increases. It expresses that mean BMI value increases for the urban individuals with stroke. In addition, mean BMI value is positively associated with both the marginal effects RES (rural=0; urban=1) and STR, which implies that BMI value is generally higher for urban individuals and stroke. Mean BMI is positively associated with the JIEs of HYP and HRT i.e., HYP*HRT (P=0.0119), while both the HYP (P=0.0003) and HRT (P<0.0001) are positively associated with BMI. This indicates that mean BMI value increases as the joint effect HYP*HRT increases. It implies that mean BMI value increases for hypertension and heart disease individuals. Moreover, mean BMI value is positively associated with both the marginal effects HYP and HRT, these indicate that BMI value is higher for hypertension and heart disease individuals. Mean BMI is positively associated with the JIEs of HRT and STR i.e., HRT*STR (P=0.0493), while both the HRT (P<0.0001) and STR (P=0.0099) are positively associated with BMI. This implies that mean BMI value increases as the joint effect HRT*STR increases. It shows that mean BMI value increases for stroke and heart disease patients. Moreover, mean BMI value is positively associated with both the marginal effects HRT and STR, these show that BMI value is higher for stroke and heart disease patients. From these above mean BMI value associations with cardiac disease related parameters such as hypertension, stroke and heart disease status, it is observed that mean BMI value is higher (or positively) linked with these cardiac parameters along with their many joint interaction effects. In addition, mean BMI value is positively associated with the JIE of glucose (GLU) levels and ever married (MAR) i.e., GLU*MAR (P=0.0232), while MAR (P=0.0152) is positively associated with BMI and GLU (P=0.2556) is indifferent to BMI. This implies that mean BMI value increases as the joint effect GLU*MAR increases. It means that married individuals with higher glucose levels may have higher BMI values, which are commonly observed in practice. Also, mean BMI value is positively associated with MAR, while it is indifferent to GLU levels. These indicate that mean BMI value is higher for ever married individuals. Mean BMI is positively associated with the JIE of GLU levels and work type (WOR) i.e., GLU*WOR (P=0.0312), while WOR (P=0.0625) is partially positively associated with BMI, but GLU level (P=0.2556) is indifferent to BMI vale. This indicates that mean BMI value increases as the joint effect GLU*WOR increases. It means that private & self employed workers with higher glucose levels may have higher BMI values, which are commonly observed in practice. In addition, mean BMI value is partially positively associated with WOR (Govt job=1; private=2; self-employed=3; children=0), while it is indifferent to GLU levels. These indicate that mean BMI value is higher for private & self employed individuals. Mean BMI is positively associated with the JIE of GLU levels and SMO i.e., GLU*SMO (P=0.0383), while SMO (P=0.0150) is negatively associated with mean BMI, but GLU level (P=0.2556) is indifferent to BMI. This shows that mean BMI value increases as the joint effect GLU*SMO increases. It indicates that smokers with higher glucose levels may have higher BMI values, which are commonly observed in practice. Note that mean BMI value is negatively associated with SMO (never smoke or former=1; smoker=2), while it is indifferent to GLU levels. It interprets that mean BMI value is higher for non-smoker individuals. In the above, the associations of mean BMI values are illustrated with cardiac and diabetes disease risk factors. Moreover, there are many more associations of mean BMI values (Table 1) with some lifestyle, physical and social parameters. It is shown that mean BMI value is positively associated with GEN*SMO (P=0.0017), while both the marginal factors GEN (P=0.0132) and SMO (P=0.0150) are negatively associated with it. This indicates that mean BMI value increases as the joint effect GEN*SMO increases. Mean BMI value is negatively associated with AGE*MAR (P=0.0020), while both the marginal factors AGE (P<0.0001) and MAR (P=0.0152) are positively associated with it. This implies that mean BMI value increases as the joint effect AGE*MAR decreases. Also, mean BMI value is negatively associated with AGE*RES (P=0.0066), while both the marginal factors AGE (P<0.0001) and RES (P=0.0206) are positively associated with it. This shows that mean BMI value increases as the joint effect AGE*RES decreases. Mean BMI value is negatively associated with MAR*WOR (P=0.0378), while both the marginal factors MAR (P=0.0152) and WOR (P=0.0625) are positively associated with it. This indicates that mean BMI value increases as the joint effect MAR*WOR decreases. Moreover, mean BMI value is partially negatively associated with AGE*WOR (P=0.1070), while both the marginal factors AGE (P<0.0001) and WOR (P=0.0625) are positively associated with it. This indicates that mean BMI value increases as the joint effect AGE*WOR decreases. In the above, the associations of mean BMI value with cardiac, diabetes disease risk factors along with some lifestyle, physical and social factors are illustrated based on the derived Log-normal fitted mean model (Table 1). Similarly, there are many associations of BMI value with these parameters in the dispersion model (Table 1). Note that the interpretations of BMI value in the dispersion model are mainly related with the scatteredness of the variable, so it is less important in Medical science, while it is very important in quality engineering. A few interpretations of BMI value in the dispersion model (Table) are illustrated in the following lines. The variance of BMI values is positively associated with the JIEs of RES*HYP (P = 0.0449), while RES (P=0.0408) is positively associated with the BMI’s variance and HYP (P=0.0019) is negatively associated with it. It implies that BMI values of the subjects are highly scattered when the subjects have higher joint effect of RES*HYP. Similarly, BMI’s variance is positively associated with the JIEs of HRT*STR (P=0.0003), while HRT (P=0.0001) is negatively associated with BMI’s variance, but STR (P=0.7643) is insignificant to it. This indicates that BMI values of the subjects are highly scattered when the subjects have higher joint effect of HRT*STR. These two above interpretations of BMI’s variance simply indicate the scatteredness of BMI values in the study subjects. There are many more associations of BMI’s variance model (Table 1). A few are noted as follows. BMI’s variance is partially positively associated with the JIEs of SMO*HYP (P=0.1975), while HYP (P=0.0019) is negatively associated with BMI’s variance, but SMO (P=0.9761) is indifferent to it. Also, BMI’s variance is negatively associated with the JIE of HRT*RES (P=0.0176), while HRT (P=0.0001) is negatively associated with BMI’s variance, and RES (P=0.0408) is positively associated with it. Also the variance of BMI is positively associated with GLU*HYP (P=0.0504), while HYP (P=0.0019) is negatively associated with BMI’s variance, but GLU (P=0.7264) is insignificant to it. In addition, BMI’s variance is partially negatively associated with GLU*GEN (P=0.2046), while GEN (P=0.0034) is positively associated with BMI’s variance, but GLU (P=0.7264) is insignificant to it. Several important findings regarding BMI associations of brain stroke patients have been derived and illustrated in the above. It is noted that for the brain stroke subjects, mean BMI is associated with AGE*HYP (P=0.0040), AGE*HRT (P<0.0001), AGE*STR, HYP*SMO (P=0.0102), RES*STR (P=0.0438), HYP*HRT (P=0.0119), HRT*STR (P=0.0493), which are all cardiac disease related joint interaction effects. Similarly, for the brain stroke subjects, mean BMI is associated with GLU*MAR (P=0.0232), GLU*WOR (P=0.0312), GLU*SMO (P=0.0383), which are all diabetes disease related joint interaction effects. Besides these, mean BMI is associated with many physical, lifestyle, social joint interaction effects such as GEN*SMO (P=0.0017), AGE*MAR (P=0.0020), AGE*RES (P=0.0066), MAR*WOR (P=0.0378), AGE*WOR (P=0.1070). In addition to these above, BMI has many associations in the dispersion model (Table 1).
The fundamental strength of the present article is an advanced statistical modelling research methodology, consequently the obtained outcomes have been accepted based on model diagnosis tests. In addition, the outcomes focus on the real facts that are observed in practice. The present study had some limitations that should be addressed in the future work. The study has only eleven explanatory variables of brain stroke. The data set has excluded many important factors such as daily physical activity, alcohol drinking status, diet quality, daily calorie consumed, lifestyle, etc.
The report has derived the associations of BMI values for the brain stroke patients along with the cardiac, diabetes disease related risk factors, and along with the other physical, lifestyle and social factors. The fitted BMI values probabilistic model has been accepted herein based on the smallest AIC criterion, on comparison of the estimate’s standard errors, joint Gamma and Log-normal models, and along with the graphical diagnostic checking plots (Figure 1). It is observed that both the Gamma and Log-normal models have similar interpretations (Table 1). Most of the mean BMI associations for the brain stroke patients derived herein focus on the real facts that are frequently observed in our society. The obtained BMI associations for the brain stroke patients herein though not completely eventual but are expressive. The advanced scientific research approaches should have complete faith on the above extracted outcomes for BMI’s associations of the brain stroke patients as the derived fitted models have been accepted based on graphical diagnostic plots checking and comparison of Log-normal and Gamma fitted models. The fitted BMI values mean & variance models (Table 1) are obtained from the data set as noted in the material section. One can easily verify the reported BMI’s findings from the data set. In addition, the parallel outcomes will be obtained from any similar brain stroke data set, which is not verified herein. The reported BMI’s brain stroke related findings present many real facts that are rarely pointed out in any previous articles. BMI’s variance model findings are completely new in the brain stroke literature, while most of the BMI’s mean model findings are also completely new in this literature. Moreover, the current BMI brain stroke study can help all the common people, medical practitioners, researchers and brain stroke subjects. It is concluded that BMI values have very critical functional roles (derived in Table 1) on the brain stroke subjects that should be known to the common people and medical practitioners for suitable treatment processes. The current brain stroke BMI study advises all people to control BMI values, glucose levels and smoking habits.
Abbreviations
AIC Akaike information criterion
BMI Body mass index
GLU Average blood glucose
HYP Hypertension
HRT Heart disease
JIE Joint interaction effect
JGLMs Joint generalized linear models
ML Maximum likelihood
MAR Ever married
PCOS Polycystic ovary syndrome
RES Residence type
RML Restricted maximum likelihood
SMO Smoking
STR Brain stroke
Declarations: The article is an original interesting research report that has been prepared based on advance statistical data analysis using, which has not been submitted in any journal for publication.
Acknowledgement: The authors are very grateful to the principal data investigators, who provided the data freely for scientific study.
Funding: The authors declare no financial support for the research, authorship, or publication of this article.
Author contributions: Conceptualization, R.D. and M.D.; methodology, R.D., G.B., D.S.G and S.B.; software, R.D., G.B., S.B.; validation, R.D. and M.D.; formal analysis, R.D., G.B., and S.B.; investigation, R.D., D.S.G. and S.B.; resources, M.D.; data curation, G.B. and M.D.; writing—original draft preparation, R.D.; writing—review and editing, R.D. D.S.G. and S.B.; visualization, R.D., M.D. and D.S.G.; supervision, M.D. and G.B.; project administration, R.D.; funding acquisition, S.B. and D.S.G. ; All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Conflict of interest: The authors confirm that this article content has no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval: Note that the current study has been performed based on a secondary data set, which is available in the site- https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/jillanisofttech/brain-stroke-dataset/data The ethics approval and the subject consents are not required for a secondary published data set.
Data availability statement:
The data is available in the site-
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/jillanisofttech/brain-stroke-dataset/data
Informed consent statement: Not applicable
Sample availability: The authors declare no physical samples were used in the study
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Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator of the journal - Psychology and Mental Health Care. " The process of obtaining publication of my article in the Psychology and Mental Health Journal was positive in all areas. The peer review process resulted in a number of valuable comments, the editorial process was collaborative and timely, and the quality of this journal has been quickly noticed, resulting in alternative journals contacting me to publish with them." Warm regards, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.
Dear Jessica, and the super professional team of the ‘Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions’ I am sincerely grateful to the coordinated work of the journal team for the no problem with the submission of my manuscript: “Cardiometabolic Disorders in A Pregnant Woman with Severe Preeclampsia on the Background of Morbid Obesity (Case Report).” The review process by 5 experts was fast, and the comments were professional, which made it more specific and academic, and the process of publication and presentation of the article was excellent. I recommend that my colleagues publish articles in this journal, and I am interested in further scientific cooperation. Sincerely and best wishes, Dr. Oleg Golyanovskiy.
To Dear Erin Aust – Editorial Coordinator of Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice! I declare that I am absolutely satisfied with your work carried out with great competence in following the manuscript during the various stages from its receipt, during the revision process to the final acceptance for publication. Thank Prof. Elvira Farina
My article, titled 'No Way Out of the Smartphone Epidemic Without Considering the Insights of Brain Research,' has been republished in the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The review process was seamless and professional, with the editors being both friendly and supportive. I am deeply grateful for their efforts.
We found the peer review process quick and positive in its input. The support from the editorial officer has been very agile, always with the intention of improving the article and taking into account our subsequent corrections.
Dear Jessica Magne, with gratitude for the joint work. Fast process of receiving and processing the submitted scientific materials in “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. High level of competence of the editors with clear and correct recommendations and ideas for enriching the article.
I thank the ‘Journal of Clinical Research and Reports’ for accepting this article for publication. This is a rigorously peer reviewed journal which is on all major global scientific data bases. I note the review process was prompt, thorough and professionally critical. It gave us an insight into a number of important scientific/statistical issues. The review prompted us to review the relevant literature again and look at the limitations of the study. The peer reviewers were open, clear in the instructions and the editorial team was very prompt in their communication. This journal certainly publishes quality research articles. I would recommend the journal for any future publications.
"I am grateful for the opportunity of contributing to [International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews] and for the rigorous review process that enhances the quality of research published in your esteemed journal. I sincerely appreciate the time and effort of your team who have dedicatedly helped me in improvising changes and modifying my manuscript. The insightful comments and constructive feedback provided have been invaluable in refining and strengthening my work".
To Dear Erin Aust, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation for the opportunity to have my work published in this esteemed journal. The entire publication process was smooth and well-organized, and I am extremely satisfied with the final result. The Editorial Team demonstrated the utmost professionalism, providing prompt and insightful feedback throughout the review process. Their clear communication and constructive suggestions were invaluable in enhancing my manuscript, and their meticulous attention to detail and dedication to quality are truly commendable. Additionally, the support from the Editorial Office was exceptional. From the initial submission to the final publication, I was guided through every step of the process with great care and professionalism. The team's responsiveness and assistance made the entire experience both easy and stress-free. I am also deeply impressed by the quality and reputation of the journal. It is an honor to have my research featured in such a respected publication, and I am confident that it will make a meaningful contribution to the field.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the support and efficiency provided by the editorial office throughout the publication process of my article, “Delayed Vulvar Metastases from Rectal Carcinoma: A Case Report.” I greatly appreciate the assistance and guidance I received from your team, which made the entire process smooth and efficient. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, contributing to the overall quality of the final article. I am very grateful for the high level of professionalism and commitment shown by the editorial staff, and I look forward to maintaining a long-term collaboration with the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
Dear Agrippa Hilda- Editorial Coordinator of Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, "The peer review process was very quick and of high quality, which can also be seen in the articles in the journal. The collaboration with the editorial office was very good."
I would like to offer my testimony in the support. I have received through the peer review process and support the editorial office where they are to support young authors like me, encourage them to publish their work in your esteemed journals, and globalize and share knowledge globally. I really appreciate your journal, peer review, and editorial office.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
