Protein Staining and Analysis with Artificial Intelligence Color Algorithm Analysis with 2-Dimensional Inkjet Printer to Identify Covid-19 Adhesion and Infected Properties on Artificial Body Fluid

Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2693-7247/022

Protein Staining and Analysis with Artificial Intelligence Color Algorithm Analysis with 2-Dimensional Inkjet Printer to Identify Covid-19 Adhesion and Infected Properties on Artificial Body Fluid

  • Ozan Emre Eyupoglu 1*

Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul 34810, Turkey. 

*Corresponding Author: Ozan Emre Eyupoglu, Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, Istanbul 34810, Turkey.

Citation: Ozan Emre Eyupoglu (2020) Protein Staining and Analysis with Artificial Intelligence Color Algorithm Analysis with 2-Dimensional Inkjet Printer to Identify Covid-19 Adhesion and Infected Properties on Artificial Body Fluid J. Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology Research 3(3); DOI: 10.31579/2693-7247/022

Copyright: © 2020, Ozan Emre Eyupoglu, This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Received: 13 November 2020 | Accepted: 20 November 2020 | Published: 26 November 2020

Keywords: covid-19; artificial body fluids; printing analysis; protein staining; algorithmic matrix system

Abstract

In this study, the predictive modeling of Covid-19 viral contamination on artificial body fluids (simulated lung fluid, perspiration, saliva, and urine) was done by colorimetric analysis of protein staining on paper ground with henna ethanolic extract loaded on a 2-dimensional printer cartridge. The purchased artificial body fluids were left in the open-air atmosphere of sterile containers to the public places of pandemic hospitals, pharmacies, which are the most frequent places of Covid-19 patients for 2 weeks. These body fluids, which were then thought to be Covid-19 adsorption, were safely collected and placed in the cartridge chambers of the 2-D printer. The mixtures of artificial body fluids and henna plant extract in the cartridges were sprayed on the paper floor by ink painting. The algorithmic matrix code system was created by colorimetric predictive scaling between +1 and -1 about the images of viral transmission to artificial body fluids taken with a smartphone.

Highlights:

  1. Optimized printing colorimetric staining diagnostic system on artificial body fluids, firstly.
  2. Powerful detection limits combined mathematical matrix space.
  3. Using Printer technology and smartphone, simultaneously.
Figure 1.

Introduction

The spread of Covid-19 throughout China is evaluated with ecological factors such as population density, temperature, and precipitation [1]. Turkey, rapidly been exposed to a viral contamination spread through social contact with first Covid-19 case recorded in the March 11, 2020 because of its geographical position in the European and Asian transition point [2]. Although there is still no targeted therapy for Covid-19 patients, dynamic monitoring and supportive therapy systems are important for the restoration of organ function [3]. Healthcare professionals are at a much higher risk of infection than the general population due to contact with contaminated body fluids [4]. 

The use of masks in the community and healthcare settings can be important during pandemic [5]. Biosensors are emerging as sensitive and selective analytical diagnostic tools for early-stage disease detection for personal health management. Intelligent diagnostic tools that consider successful predictions are urgently needed to manage selective and precise detection of the Covid-19 pandemic, a life-threatening respiratory infection [6]. Although an increase in biomarkers such as D-dimer has been continuously reported in patients with severe Covid-19, the optimal value for diagnosis is unknown. It is important to develop algorithms to identify those who are prone to suffering severe Covid-19 with thrombotic complications, and to design biomarkers and scoring systems to classify the risk of patients [7]. A test tool using components of the complete blood count and patient gender for the SARS-CoV-2 PCR prediction showed that a 78% statistic can be generalized to emergency populations with an optimized sensitivity of 93% [8].

For the detection of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients with suspected Covid-19, posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples were evaluated with Pearson coefficient [9]. The etiological diagnosis of Covid-19 can be predicted in biological materials based on the direct identification of viral RNA by molecular biology techniques. However, whether body fluids such as blood, urine, saliva are valid alternatives, has not been precisely defined [10]. The presence of viral RNA targeting E and S viral genes in semen and urine samples was measured using a Real time PCR system. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was negative for semen and urine samples [11].

Chest computed tomography can play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease with higher sensitivity. Although some patients have significant shortness of breath, lesions observed in the lungs have been shown to be lighter with computed tomography [12]. Virus respiratory particles have been detected in feces, urine, and saliva, but it is not yet known whether non-respiratory body fluids such as vomit, 

breast milk, or semen contain live infectious viruses [13]. 

SARS-CoV-2 uses angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptors, which have been reported in various human reproductive cells (seminiferous channel cells, Leydig cells) with higher binding affinity. This indicates the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the reproductive system [14]. In a study, reverse transcription-loop mediated isothermal amplification was used to detect colorimetric changes with the naked eye within 30 minutes in SARS-CoV-2 detection [15]. The developed artificial intelligence software (Thoracic VCAR software) measures healthy and affected lesion lung parenchyma percentages with the help of a colorimetric map over the tomographic lung images [16]. In this study, the adsorption potential of Covid-19 to artificial body fluids (simulated lung fluid, perspiration, saliva, urine) placed in hospital environments with sterile containers was firstly investigated by colorimetric algorithm on paper platform from henna protein staining zone areas with 2-dimensional printer and smartphone technology.  

Experimental

Developed Diagnosis Method: Artificial Body Fluids Test Solutions (simulated lung fluid, perspiration, saliva, urine), which are models containing representative components of the facts, were purchased from LC Tech Pickering Laboratories Company. Epson L3110 photo-ink sprayer printer (375 x 347 x 179 mm, AC 100 V - 240 V, print speed: 8 ppm) was used for staining protein with henna solution of Pickering artificial body fluids after and before Covid-19 adsorption. Positive or negative adsorption images were illuminated by colorimetric, algorithmic analysis on paper ground via smartphone. Quantitative and qualitative detection limits of adsorption due to henna staining intensity were quite good (LOD: 0.15 ppm, LOQ: 0.5 ppm). The adsorptions of four different artificial body fluids (simulated lung fluid, perspiration, saliva, urine) on a 2-dimensional paper floor were expressed in a [2x4] matrix linear coordinate plane consisting of -1 to +1 algorithmic variables (Table 1). Covid-19 contamination was achieved by exposing artificial body fluids to open air aerosols in pandemic hospitals and pharmacies where the patient density is high. Propellers providing negative airflow simultaneously with antiviral aroma therapeutic essential oil nebulizers were used to prevent contamination when transferring contaminated artificial body fluids to the printer cartridge chambers (Figure 1).

Statistical Analysis: Color analysis of the adsorbed Covid-19 interactions zone areas were analyzed with SPSS statistics program based on 3-repeat smartphone photographic measurement results. Mann Whitney U test was used and Significance was indicated by the (#) sign according to p <0>

Figure 1. Colorimetric Covid-19 adsorption diagnostic system for artificial body fluids with 2-D-printer technology and smartphone.
Table 1. Identification of Covid-19 adsorption in artificial body fluids by mathematical matrix modeling.

Result and Discussion

Due to the lack of critical resources in personal equipment, proper distribution of virus diagnostic tests and ventilators was impaired in the Covid-19 pandemic. Chest radiography and thoracic imaging are key tools for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary disease, but their roles in the management of Covid-19 are multivariable conditions among risk factors for disease progression [17]. In a few minutes instead of hours / days after an invasive swab, a pandemic response is critical for Covid-19 patients. In the current strategy, test accuracy and test capacity for result is limited [18]. In addition to this, FebriDx® is a rapid diagnostic test designed to help differentiate bacterial and viral acute respiratory infections [19]. However, a selective "naked eye" detection of SARS-CoV-2 without using any advanced instrumental technique is highly desirable. In a study, the colorimetric test based on gold nanoparticles was developed when the N-gene (nucleocapsid phosphoprotein) of SARS-CoV-2 was coated with thiol modified antisense oligonucleotides. Positive Covid-19 cases were identified in isolated RNA samples within 10 minutes [20]. 

In the other study, by using a panel of equine respiratory infectious diseases as a model system for diseases such as Covid-19, a smartphone integrated system was developed to detect live virus from the nasal swab environment. Five pathogen nucleic acid sequences were isothermally amplified onto a microfluidic chip and the result of the reactions was detected by smartphone [21]. In the current smartphone-based GPS and social media technology, a mini program was developed within the WeChat application. The data of all users were analyzed and the close contacts of the patients and early sources of infection were monitored. The data in the mini-program will provide accumulation of how the disease has spread, forecasting outbreak trends, calculating risks and developing recommendations for population protection action [22].

Covid-19 can seriously affect your pregnant births. 68 births with maternal infections were reported between February 10, 2020 and April 4, 2020. No significant results were obtained in the real-time polymerase chain reaction of cord blood, vaginal swab, amniotic fluid, neonatal blood, breast milk or placenta for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. In order to determine whether the infection has occurred perinatally or congenitally, the type of delivery, perinatal exposure, and the time until diagnosis of neonatal infection were important [23]. 

During Covid-19 period, aerosol production during open corneal phacoemulsification surgery was evaluated using a human cadaver corneoscleral model mounted on an artificial chamber. Visible aerosol production was recorded using a high-speed 4K camera. Apparent aerosol production was removed using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose that covers the cornea by directing the blowing air aerosol to the ocular surface [24].

The using of X-ray lung images for Covid-19 is one of the most common and effective methods applied by researchers. Alternative fast scan method nCOVnet based deep learning neural network, which can be used to detect Covid-19 by analyzing X-ray images of patients with chest radiography, was proposed [25]. Normalized data of different blood parameters from SARS-CoV-2 positive patients show a decrease in eosinophils, platelets, basophils, leukocytes, and lymphocytes and an increase in monocytes. Clinical data were standardized to have mean zero and unit standard deviation. Artificial neural network, machine learning, and simple statistical testing were used to identify SARS-CoV-2 positive patients with complete blood counts without symptom information. This methodology has great potential for patients with limited PCR-based diagnostic tools [26]. In a new Covid-19 detection method, the Residual sample region was presented by binary pattern selection (ResExLBP) and attributing iteration selection technique (ReliefF). Support vector machine, decision tree, subspace discriminant, linear discriminant methods were used in the classification phase. The proposed method achieved 100 % classification accuracy in Covid-19 detection with lung x-ray images [27]. 

Recently, medical applications and surgical protective face mask production with 3-D printing have become revolutionary in healthcare, especially against coronavirus. In order to minimize health risks by avoiding bacterial biofilm formation, acrylic acid was applied in petri dishes with 3-D printing via polylactic acid filament by plasma-polymerization [28].

 ELISA capturing IgG for anti-SARS-CoV-2 serological detection in serum samples has been developed. The developed ELISA had a high sensitivity and was specific, reproducible method with 97.9 percentage. This method could be used to determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the virus population [29]. Proteasomal activator, PA28γ regulates the intracellular density of SARS-CoV-2 N protein. Immunofluorescent staining revealed that nCoV N moved from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Covid-19 pathogenesis is important in checking proteasome activity that regulates the levels of critical nucleocapsid protein [30]. In this study, specific nucleocapsid protein was stained with henna solution on Covid-19 adsorbed artificial body fluid with the help of a 2-dimensional printer, and the dyed zone areas were analyzed with a smartphone colorimetric program (Figure 1). The color intensities of the zone diameters were positioned in the colorimetric program on the input command [2x4] matrix fields with a switch button on the scale of -1 and +1. Then, an output command was created by switching the splitter with the control panel and converting it to the [2x4]-1 matrix (Table 1).

The value 2 represents with Covid-19 or without, while the value 4 represents 4 different body fluids (simulated lung fluid, perspiration, saliva, urine). With the color string that can be seen by printing with the naked eye on paper, Covid-19 detection limits are LOD: 0.15 ppm, LOQ: 0.5 ppm respectively, and its sensitivity is higher than gold nanoparticle and PCR tests (Table 1). In the photo Image J studio analysis of the Apple iPhone 8 smartphone, Covid-19 adsorption for artificial body fluids by the CIELAB (L*: Light-dark difference, a*: Red-green difference, b*: Yellow-blue difference, h°: Light angle and t (°C: temperature) color pixel depth measurement parameters was evaluated in the MATLAB 3-D matrix space geometry. In space geometry, Covid-19 contaminations of artificial sweat and saliva body fluids are in the negative z conformation while Covid-19 contaminations of urine and lung fluid are in the positive y conformation.  Conformation x represents the effective or ineffective Covid-19 contamination. The colorimetric color scale contributed to the measurement of the 4-dimensional Covid-19 henna-painted zone diameters. Red indicates intense contamination while yellow indicates less intense, green indicates non-contaminated zones. The most intense red colored areas in the colorimetric color triage were artificial sweat Covid-19 contaminants. Artificial urine sample with a diameter of 0.5 A° in the smallest zone area had the lowest Covid-19 contaminant. During the measurement, opposite turbulence fans were used to prevent cross contamination and aroma therapeutic orange peel essential oils were sent to the medium in the vapor phase. While Covid-19 is mostly highly adsorbed to artificial sweat and lung fluid, artificial urine and saliva adsorption is lower. All kinds of light sources can be used in colorimetric analysis (Ultra violet, infrared). 

Conclusion

Via printer technology, Covid-19, which is adsorbed to artificial body fluids, was introduced with a mathematical matrix space color distribution. High-sensitivity present-none analysis was performed in x, y, z dimension space. Sigmoidal and holozoidal zone areas on the color scale were determined by adsorption radar analysis. Especially the crystallized structure in artificial urine affects colorimetric analysis. To resolve this situation, the sensitivity was increased by passing the detection through different beams filter. The study is a new and cheap technique that successfully enables the diagnosis of Covid-19 through artificial body fluids.  

Acknowledgment

I would like to thank my family for their moral supports. I did not receive any financial funding or material supports interested with the article. 

Conflicts of Interest

I hereby declare no conflicts of interest.

References

Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.

img

Virginia E. Koenig

Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.

img

Delcio G Silva Junior

Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.

img

Ziemlé Clément Méda

Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.

img

Mina Sherif Soliman Georgy

We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.

img

Layla Shojaie

The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.

img

Sing-yung Wu

Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.

img

Orlando Villarreal

Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.

img

Katarzyna Byczkowska

Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.

img

Anthony Kodzo-Grey Venyo

Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.

img

Pedro Marques Gomes

Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.

img

Bernard Terkimbi Utoo

This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.

img

Prof Sherif W Mansour

Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.

img

Hao Jiang

As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.

img

Dr Shiming Tang

Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.

img

Raed Mualem

International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.

img

Andreas Filippaios

Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.

img

Dr Suramya Dhamija

Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.

img

Bruno Chauffert

I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!

img

Baheci Selen

"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".

img

Jesus Simal-Gandara

I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.

img

Douglas Miyazaki

We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.

img

Dr Griffith

I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.

img

Dr Tong Ming Liu

I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.

img

Husain Taha Radhi

I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.

img

S Munshi

Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.

img

Tania Munoz

“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.

img

George Varvatsoulias

Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.

img

Rui Tao

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.

img

Khurram Arshad

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.

img

Gomez Barriga Maria Dolores

The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.

img

Lin Shaw Chin

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.

img

Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.

img

Dr Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.

img

Dr Maria Regina Penchyna Nieto

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.

img

Dr Marcelo Flavio Gomes Jardim Filho

Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”

img

Zsuzsanna Bene

Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner

img

Dr Susan Weiner

My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.

img

Lin-Show Chin

My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.

img

Sonila Qirko

My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.

img

Luiz Sellmann