AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Review Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/IJBR-2021/059
1. Highly Distinguished Professor and Nutritional Scientist, Iran
2. Behroozi Dairy Complex, Tehran, Iran
*Corresponding Author: Akbar Nikkhah, Highly Distinguished Professor and Nutritional Scientist, Iran
Citation: Nikkhah A. and Alimirzaei M. (2022) Preventing Diarrhea to Reduce Calf Morbidity and Mortality: A Pragmatic Outlook. International J. of Biomed Research. 2(4): DOI: 10.31579/IJBR-2021/059
Copyright: © 2022, Akbar Nikkhah, This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 08 January 2022 | Accepted: 15 February 2022 | Published: 01 March 2022
Keywords: calf; management; diarrhea; prevention; economics
The objective of this article was to highlight and describe the role of management practices in preventing diarrhea in dairy calves. To reduce diarrhea outbreak and improve calf health and welfare, selected empirical protocols were presented. Pre-weaning dairy calf health and well-being are associated with herd longevity and subsequent milk production. The first weeks of age are considered as a high-risk phase of calf life because the immune system is not fully developed. Meanwhile, newborns are exposed to pathogens and environmental stresses, predisposing them to infectious diseases. Diarrhea is the most prevalent disease infecting new born calves in early stage of life, causing morbidity, mortality, and economic loss. According to the NAHMS report (2007) diarrhea comprises a half of calf death rate in the pre-weaning period. In the 2014 report, 59.9% of sick calve exhibited clinical signs of digestive tract disorders. Despite advances in pathophysiology and diarrhea treatment, it remains a major threat to pre-weaned calves worldwide. Treatment is just a part of the problem. The response to treatment widely varies amongst calves and depends on disease severity, individual resistance to diseases, immune function, and environmental conditions. As such, treatment may not be successful in all cases of diarrhea, especially in those with septicemia. Treatment is a coercion not a choice. The problem can be more complicated if diarrhea pandemic occurs in large scaled herds because it is difficult to treat large numbers of diarrhetic calves. Reducing the severity and number of diarrhetic calves by performing key management practices provides opportunities to decrease calf morbidity and mortality.
This article aimed to discuss and emphasize important management practices to prevent and control diarrhea in dairy calves. Despite advances in veterinary drug industry and treatment methods, diarrhea remains as a main cause of mortality and economic loss in dairy settings worldwide. Neonatal calf diarrhea is a multifactorial disease which makes it difficult to control or treat [1]. Diarrhea occurs frequently in almost all farms with different severities. The rate of mortality is closely related to the severity and number of infected calves. In severe cases, mostly caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC); lethargy, anorexia, and suckling disability are common which can be followed by septicemia, coma, and finally death [2]. In severe or sepsis circumstances, calves are less able to respond properly to treatment. However, it seems that mild cases with moderate signs of dehydration or even acidosis could be efficiently treated by correcting dehydration and appropriate antibiotics therapy. If the number of diarrhetic calves increases, the mortality rate rises as a result of fatigue and decreased labor performance in treating ill calves. Thus, decreasing the number and severity of neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) by improving management practices should be considered as a main goal in any calf rearing program [3].
Recently, with the discovery of gut-brain bidirectional communication, the gut microbiome has attracted more attention [4]. In human studies, alteration in gut microbiota may result in long-term health effects. Likewise, the importance of gut microbiota on immunity, growth and longevity of dairy heifers has been reported [5]. In light of to-date evidence, it can be suggested that having a healthy gut with minor interference of invading pathogens would be an ideal framework for rearing healthy calves.
Prevention is much more important than treatment. There are many management factors influencing the susceptibility of newborn calves to diseases. The management of pre-parturient cows, calving environment, calving status, colostrum feeding, and milk feeding and sanitation protocols are all important in optimizing the health and performance of dairy calves. Fetal development in the late gestation is closely related to maternal nutrition and may possess long-lasting effects on health and growth of infants [6]. For instance, greater energy intake in the prepartum period could result in greater calf birth weight and immunocompetence [7]. In addition to maternal nutrition, it is believed that exposure to environmental stressors such as heat stress during late gestation affects fetal development quality which can determine health and performance of calves in postnatal period and likely later in their productive life cycle [8]. Impaired intestinal development of calves born to dams exposed to hyperthermia in late gestation may lead to the failure of passives immunity regardless of colostrum quality (FPT) [9,10]. It has been reported that colostrum quality declines in hot seasons, although, it is controversial [10]. Decreased colostrum quality accompanied by reduced intestinal capacity to absorb adequate IgG may increase the number of FPT calves, predisposing them to diarrhea and septicemia. Presumably, the incidence of diarrhea not only depends on infectious factors but also is closely related to non-infectious factors such as maternal and environmental stressors affecting calves indirectly. Consequently, spreading diarrhea in mid-summer can be partly attributed to the management of cows in prepartum period. Other stressors influencing pre-fresh cow welfare include density in pre-fresh group, insufficient feed bunk space, and nutrient imbalance. All of these stressors could negatively affect postnatal health and performance of neonatal calves. As noted, diarrhea could be a consequence of the late-gestation stresses on newborn calves. As such, the prevention of diarrhea should start from late gestation.
Calving environment is another important factor affecting diarrhea incidence in newborn calves. Single and multiple cow calving pens are two types of maternity pens commonly used in dairy farms both of which have their own proponents. In single cow calving pens, contaminated bedding materials are removed and renewed after each parturition, causing higher hygiene score in this system. Instead, the multiple cow calving pens are used for multiple parturitions with violated cleanliness. Although some studies reported no significant differences between the two systems with respect to disease incidence [11], it seems that single maternity pens are preferable systems [12]. It has been demonstrated that calves born in single maternity pens had lower risk of salmonella shedding during the pre-weaning period [13]. Moreover, calves born in filthy or contaminated calving pens may be easily infected by pathogenic E.coli, predisposing them to infectious diarrhea in the first day of life [14]. It is believed that the prevention of pathogenic load in maternity pens by regular disinfection can be a logical way to reduce the risk of pathogens transmission. Other management practices in the case of individual calving pens including provision of dry bedding, good ventilation, and enough space for calving are also recommended. Overall, individual calving pens can be a perfect environment for standing against diarrhea. It is notable that the time during which the calf stays with the dam is important because of the increased risk of infection over time [14]. Besides calving pen management, the calving status (i.e., natural delivery vs. dystocia) plays a role in calf survival and health. Naturally delivered calves are fresh, stand soon after birth, and consume colostrum with more craving. However, following dystocia, the time to achieve sternal recumbency and standing seems to be longer than in normal calves, leading to decreased colostrum intake and efficiency of IgG absorption [15]. Such calves are at higher risk of infectious diarrhea because they might suffer from FPT. Therefore, cows should be allowed to expel the calf normally and excess forces to pull the calf out must be avoided. After birth, when the umbilical cord is cut off, the navel must be dipped in an iodine solution (7%) for about 15 seconds. It is notable that disinfected navel may be licked by dam so the navel should be disinfected again 12 hours later.
Colostrum feeding management plays a key role in newborns susceptibility to infectious diarrhea. Providing 4 lit of quality colostrum immediately after birth and 2 lit 12 hours later is a suitable management practice to prevent infectious diseases. Because of the importance of colostrum management in the prevention of infectious diseases, it is discussed with more details. Newborn calves are deficient in serum immunoglobulin levels (agammaglobulinemic), thus, they totally depend on Ig uptake from the maternal colostrum. Feeding high quality colostrum (IgG ≥ 50 g/L) within the first 2 hours of life is necessary for the efficient transfer of passive immunity. Decreased IgG concentrations of blood serum after 24 h of life is referred to as failure of passive transfer (FPT). Calves with IgG levels lower than 10 g/L are classified as FPT calves [16]. Failure of passive transfer is associated with higher morbidity, mortality and longevity [17]. It has been reported that 20-40% of calves suffer from FPT [17]. As the FPT rate is surprisingly high in dairy herds, it is crucial to decrease the number of FPT calves. Determining the quality of colostrum by a refractometer is a useful method to ensure calves receives enough IgG. In addition to colostrum quality, quantity and time of feeding, the temperature, and microbial count of allocated colostrum should be checked carefully. In cold seasons, colostrum should be warmed indirectly (i.e., using hot water) to reach 37˚C before feeding. Cold colostrum feeding can lead to diarrhea itself. Feeding of colostrum with high microbial count (> 100000 cfu/ml) must be avoided. To prevent microbial load, surplus colostrum must be kept in refrigerator for the next meal. Timing of feeding colostrum should be carefully managed, with 12 hours intervals being recommended. Recently, prolonged feeding of colostrum with advantages for preventing diarrhea and optimizing gut health has been discussed [18].
Colostrum feeding management is not all we can do to prevent diarrhea in neonatal calves. Regardless of passive immunity status, the risk of diarrhea would increase in filthy environments where pathogenic load is high [14]. As a general rule, disease incidence is a function of host immunity and environment interactions. As a result, in heavily infected ambience, diarrhea would be expected. To reduce pathogens load in the calf environment, calf pens, hutches, and barns must be disinfected routinely particularly when calves are moved to group or other individual pens. Pens with concrete floor or walls are recommended because washing and disinfecting is easy in concrete buildings. Absolutely, there are many options to house newborn calves, but cleaning and sanitation are the most important factors that should be considered when we a housing system is chosen. In addition to calf pen disinfection, feeding facilities such as milk tank, buckets, and bottles must be washed with a detergent after each meal to remove fat and other milk residues. Then, milk containers should be immersed in a disinfectant solution for the next meal. In our experience, sanitation and practicing proper hygiene protocols could be very helpful in reducing the pathogenic load in the calf environment and in preventing the outbreak of infectious diseases such as diarrhea.
Early diagnosis and treatment of diarrhetic calves is a critical practice that needs more experience and care. Diarrhetic calves shed infectious agents increasingly to the surrounding environment that can be a major source of contamination. For instance, calves infected by low number of cryptosporidia oocysts sheds large number of oocysts to the environment, indicating that higher rates of replication occur inside the host body [19]. Some pathogenic microorganisms like salmonella spp. survive in the environment for about 2 years and can be transmitted by staff via boots and clothes [20]. Consequently, early diagnosis and treatment of infected calves and blockage of pathogens entry to the calf environment provide opportunities to minimize microbial loads in the calf ambience. Installation of a disinfectant bath in front of the entrance gate of calf barns would be useful in eliminating foreign microorganisms before they can enter to calf rearing facilities.
Calf rearing is a package of management practices which work together. Diarrhea is a threat to calf survivability and herd longevity worldwide, but it can be controlled by impactful on-farm management practices. Reducing stress in pre-fresh cows, calving in a hygiene environment, feeding high quality colostrum, and regular sanitation of calf ambience are important factors that impact on calf susceptibility to infectious diseases, especially diarrhea. Rapid identification and treatment of sick calves can be useful in minimizing pathogen loads in the calf environment.
Nature for its inspirational nature.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
I would like to offer my testimony in the support. I have received through the peer review process and support the editorial office where they are to support young authors like me, encourage them to publish their work in your esteemed journals, and globalize and share knowledge globally. I really appreciate your journal, peer review, and editorial office.
Dear Agrippa Hilda- Editorial Coordinator of Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, "The peer review process was very quick and of high quality, which can also be seen in the articles in the journal. The collaboration with the editorial office was very good."
I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the support and efficiency provided by the editorial office throughout the publication process of my article, “Delayed Vulvar Metastases from Rectal Carcinoma: A Case Report.” I greatly appreciate the assistance and guidance I received from your team, which made the entire process smooth and efficient. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, contributing to the overall quality of the final article. I am very grateful for the high level of professionalism and commitment shown by the editorial staff, and I look forward to maintaining a long-term collaboration with the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
To Dear Erin Aust, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation for the opportunity to have my work published in this esteemed journal. The entire publication process was smooth and well-organized, and I am extremely satisfied with the final result. The Editorial Team demonstrated the utmost professionalism, providing prompt and insightful feedback throughout the review process. Their clear communication and constructive suggestions were invaluable in enhancing my manuscript, and their meticulous attention to detail and dedication to quality are truly commendable. Additionally, the support from the Editorial Office was exceptional. From the initial submission to the final publication, I was guided through every step of the process with great care and professionalism. The team's responsiveness and assistance made the entire experience both easy and stress-free. I am also deeply impressed by the quality and reputation of the journal. It is an honor to have my research featured in such a respected publication, and I am confident that it will make a meaningful contribution to the field.
"I am grateful for the opportunity of contributing to [International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews] and for the rigorous review process that enhances the quality of research published in your esteemed journal. I sincerely appreciate the time and effort of your team who have dedicatedly helped me in improvising changes and modifying my manuscript. The insightful comments and constructive feedback provided have been invaluable in refining and strengthening my work".
I thank the ‘Journal of Clinical Research and Reports’ for accepting this article for publication. This is a rigorously peer reviewed journal which is on all major global scientific data bases. I note the review process was prompt, thorough and professionally critical. It gave us an insight into a number of important scientific/statistical issues. The review prompted us to review the relevant literature again and look at the limitations of the study. The peer reviewers were open, clear in the instructions and the editorial team was very prompt in their communication. This journal certainly publishes quality research articles. I would recommend the journal for any future publications.
Dear Jessica Magne, with gratitude for the joint work. Fast process of receiving and processing the submitted scientific materials in “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. High level of competence of the editors with clear and correct recommendations and ideas for enriching the article.
We found the peer review process quick and positive in its input. The support from the editorial officer has been very agile, always with the intention of improving the article and taking into account our subsequent corrections.
