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Prevalence of Frozen Shoulder: A Cross-Cut Survey

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Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2768-0487/075

Prevalence of Frozen Shoulder: A Cross-Cut Survey

  • Belayet Hossain Akanda

MPT Student, Singhania University, India.

*Corresponding Author: Belayet Hossain Akanda, MPT Student, Singhania University, India.

Citation: Belayet H Akanda. (2022). Prevalence of Frozen Shoulder: A Cross-Cut Survey. Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Research. 5(4); DOI:10.31579/2768-0487/075

Copyright: © 2022 Belayet Hossain Akanda. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Received: 02 February 2022 | Accepted: 25 February 2022 | Published: 03 March 2022

Keywords: frozen shoulder; physiotherapy

Abstract

This descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted to find out pattern of frozen shoulder patients attending to different services in selected hospitals of Dhaka city with a sample size of 100. Non randomized purposive sampling was done. Pretested structured questionnaire was used to get data and verbal consent was taken prior interview. All the data were entered and analyzed by using statistical packages for social science (SPSS) software version 16.0. Mean age of the respondents were 50.66 + 13.406 year. Among the respondents 52% were female and 48% were male. Result found that most of the respondents (93%) had done investigation and rest of them (7%) did not. Besides 47% of respondents were suffering from left frozen shoulder followed by 45% were right and 8% were both respectively. Result also revealed that majority of the respondents (60%) had movement restriction & muscle spasms and 40% were no muscle spasm. Half of the respondents (52%) were in stage 2 followed by 35% stage 1 and 13% stage 3 respectively. Half of the respondents (49%) had diabetic mellitus and rests of them 51% were absent. All of the respondents received different type of medications, 18% intra-articular steroids and 63% were taken different type of physiotherapy. Of the respondents 98% feel better after treatment and rest of them did not. Study found that advanced age and females were more sufferers in different stage of frozen shoulder. Limitation of movement and muscle spasm were more prominent complain.  Physiotherapy treatment should be available.

Introduction

Human shoulder is the most mobile joint in the body. This mobility provides the upper extremity with tremendous range of motion such as adduction, abduction, flexion, extension, internal rotation, external rotation, and 360° circumduction in the sagittal plane. Furthermore, the shoulder allows for scapular protraction, retraction, elevation, and depression [1]. This type of generalization should be avoided, as one could miss other more serious conditions that need to be treated urgently [2].  Frozen shoulder can be a primary or idiopathic problem or it may secondarily be associated with another systemic illness. Both primary and secondary frozen shoulders have similar clinical presentations but distinct precipitating factors [3]. It presents an idiopathic decreased range of movement in which no systemic diagnosis, precipitating shoulder condition or radiographic explanation can be found [4]. Secondary frozen shoulders are defined as those with a known intrinsic or extrinsic precursor, typically causative of shoulder pain and dysfunction that ultimately leads to global stiffness [5]. Other conditions that have shown an association with frozen shoulder and which might give a clue to the diagnosis are the following: hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, Parkinson’s disease, cardiac disease and a history of stroke [6]. The incidence of adhesive capsulitis in the general population is 2–5 Percentage[11]. It affects females slightly more than males and is usually seen in ages 40–70. The Non dominant arm is more likely to be affected. About 12 Percentage of individuals affected develop the condition bilaterally [12]. Recurrence is rare in the same shoulder [7]. Frozen shoulder, medically referred to as adhesive capsulitis, is a disorder in which the sholder capsule, the connective tissue surrounding the glen humeral joint of the shoulder, becomes inflamed and stiff, greatly restricting motion and causing chronic pain [8]. The scar tissue may cause the capsule to thicken, contract and limit the movement of the shoulder. The reason why the scar tissue forms is not known [9]. There is also a lack of fluid in the joint, further restricting movement. Frozen shoulder can sometimes develop after a shoulder or arm injury, such as a fracture, or after having surgery to your shoulder area [10]. The patho-physiological process is believed to involve synovial inflammation and fibrosis of the shoulder joint capsule [11]. Symptoms often interfere with everyday tasks such as driving, dressing, or sleeping. Even scratching your back, or putting your hand in a rear pocket, may become impossible. Work may be affected in some cases [12]. 

Materials and Methods

Descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted to assess pattern of frozen shoulder patients attending to different services in selected hospitals of Dhaka city with 100 samples. The study site was Metropolitan Medical Centre Limited (MMC Ltd) Mohakhali, Dhaka and National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedic Rehabilitation (NITOR), Shere-Banglanagor, Dhaka and Islami Bank Central Hospital Limited (IBCH Ltd), Kakrail, Dhaka and Physiotherapy department of Saic Institute of Medical Science, Dhaka. Study period was 6 months in 2011. Purposive sampling method was used and detail procedure was described prior interview. A pre-tested modified structured questionnaire was used to collect the information on the basis of objectives and variables. The collecting data were editing and analyzed by using statistical packages for social science (SPSS) software version 16.0. Results were presented in table as well as graph. Descriptive statistics such as mean, frequency, percentage were showed.

Results

Table 1 shows that 2%, 38%, 49% and 11% of the respondents belongs to age of > 25 years, 26-45 years, 46-65 years and <65 xss=removed>±13.406 year. Among the respondents 52% were female and 48% were male. of the respondents 58 Percentage economic status were middle class, followed by 31% upper class and rest of them 11% were lower class.

Table 1: Distribution of respondents by socio-demographic characteristic (n=100).
Figure 1: Distribution of the respondents by education (n=100).

Figure shows that education of the respondents were graduate (35%) followed by 24% post graduate, 13% higher secondary, 10% secondary, 12% primary and 9% illiterate.

Table 2: Distribution of the respondents by disease related variables (n=100).

Table 2 shows that most of the respondents (93%) had done investigation and rest of them (7%) did not. Besides 47% of respondents were suffering from left frozen shoulder followed by 45% were right and 8% were both respectively. Table also reveals that majority of the respondents (60%) had movement restriction & muscle spasms and 40% were no muscle spasm.

Figure 2: Distribution of the respondents by the diagnosis (n=100).

Figure 2 shows that half of the respondents (52%) were in stage 2 followed by 35% stage 1 and 13% stage 3 respectively.

Table 3: Distribution of the respondents by associated disease (diabetic mellitus) (n=100).

Table 3 reveals that half of the respondents (49%) had diabetic mellitus and rests of them 51% were absent.

Table 4: Distribution of the respondent’s treatment related variables (Multiple responses)

Table 4 shows that 100% received different type of medications, 18% intra-articular steroids and 63% were taken different type of physiotherapy. Of the respondents 98% are feeling better after treatment and rest of them 2% are not.

Discussion

It is found  that 2%, 38%, 49% and 11% of the respondents belongs to age of > 25 years, 26-45 years, 46-65 years and <65> [7]. Of the respondents 60% movement restricted & muscle spasms were present and 40% were absent. These findings were similar to the study carried out by Ewald, A. et.al. editors [12]. 52% respondents were stage 2 followed by 35% are stage 1 and only 13% are stage 3 respectively. These findings were similar to the study carried out by Naviaser RJ Naviaser [8]. It reveals that half of the respondents 49% have diabetic mellitus and rests of them 51% were not, these findings were similar to the study carried out by Bridgman JF. Periarthritis [14]. Study shows that 100% received different type of medications, 18% intra articular steroids and 63% were taken different type of physiotherapy. Of the respondents 98% are feeling better after treatment and rest of them 2% were not. These findings were similar to the study carried out by Codman and Stam H E et.al. editors [2, 4, 5].

Conclusion

Study found that advanced age and females were more sufferers in different stage of frozen shoulder. Limitation of movement and muscle spasm were more prominent complain.  Respondents had taken several types of treatments including medications, infiltrations and physiotherapy. Physiotherapy treatment should be available.

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