Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2834-5142/055
1Department of Nephrology Chu Hassan Ii OF Fes
2 eress research laboratory. Usmba
*Corresponding Author: G. Yousfi, Chu Hassan ii Ophthalmology Department of Fes
Citation: G. Yousfi, W. Haddane, W. Rami, S Ait Ghazi, M.Elomari, et al (2023), Energy Alterations in Patients in Hemodialysis with Thrombosis in the Arteriovenous Fistula a nd How Can We Prevent This Complication?, International Journal of Clinical Nephrology. 5(1); DOI:10.31579/2834-5142/055
Copyright: © 2023 G. Yousfi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 28 April 2023 | Accepted: 11 April 2023 | Published: 25 May 2023
Keywords: ophthalmological damage; chronic eye diseases; kidney
The eye and the kidney seem intimately connected so many pathologies affect both these two organs. On the other hand, the kidney and the eye also have similarities concerning their embryological origin both having a dual origin, mesenchymal and ectodermal
The eye and the kidney seem intimately connected so many pathologies affect both these two organs. On the other hand, the kidney and the eye also have similarities concerning their embryological origin both having a dual origin, mesenchymal and ectodermal [8]. Thus, disturbances in embryogenesis between the 4th and 6th week of gestation, the period of organogenesis of the eyes and kidneys, can lead to abnormalities in both organs.
Many patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis replacement suffer from chronic eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma.
This study evaluates the frequency of ocular abnormalities in dialysis patients.
Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study examined 314 eyeils from 157 dialysis patients in all consenting chronic hemodialysis patients from two public hemodialysis centers in the Fez region. The study was designed in two parts. The medical history of each patient; were collected using a farm return. All patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination for assessment of visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP) and anterior and posterior segments after dilation The statistical analysis was performed by IBM SPSS V25 software.
Results:
A total of 157 patients were enrolled in the study. The average age of patients is 51.19±14.77 years with a sex ratio of 0.89. Age in hemodialysis 3.52 years [1-16].98% of patients are dialysed by an arteriovenous fistula while 2% by a tunnelized catheter, the average number of sessions is 2.45 [2-3], average dry weight is 61.7 kg [36-120 ] . The average interdialytic weight gain is 2.26 [1-4]. Comorbidities are dominated by high blood pressure in 56% of patients, diabetes in 11.5%, heart disease in 5%, and system disease in 2% of patients. Note that vascular nephropathy represented the main initial nephropathy with 32% of cases. Visual impairment (AVL<5>
Figure I: Distribution of patients by visual acuity
Figure II: distribution of patients according to adnexal involvement
Graph III: Distribution of patients according to posterior segment involvement.
Most of our patients are over 50 years old with an average age of 51.19±14.77 which is similar to the results found in most studies which may be related to the delay in diagnosis of patients who generally arrive at a very advanced stage of the disease, the improvement of the management of comorbidities and the extension of the life expectancy of patients.
The duration of dialysis in our series was 43 months with extremes of [1-192 months] which remains variable compared to other studies depending on the criteria for recruiting shorter patients in the studies where selected patients were recently put on haemodialysis.
In our series, among the etiologies of chronic kidney disease, high blood pressure was the most common (56%) followed by diabetes in (11.5%).
vascular nephropathy was predominant with a percentage of 32% which remains the most frequent nephropathy in all series with variable percentages ranging from 36% in the Bariachaya et al series [1] to 59.3% in the Diallo series [3] followed by diabetic nephropathy in all series which could be explained by the frequency of hypertension and diabetes in our patients and also seen that it is the first causes inducing renal failure [6-7].
| Series | Actual | Average age | Sex ratio | Initial nephropathy | Duration of dialysis |
Barjachaya and all Nepal 2008 [1] |
119 |
48,3 +/- 14,9 |
0,61 |
Diabetic nephropathy: 36% Vascular nephropathy: 42% |
24months |
Diallo [3] Mali 2008 |
32 |
0,56 |
Vascular nephropathy: 59.3% Diabetic nephropathy: 12.5% |
42months | |
Karimi et all [4] Morocco 2008 |
50 |
47+/- 15 |
_ |
Vascular nephropathy: 51% Diabetic nephropathy – 30.3% |
102 months |
Amit H Pathak India 2020 |
94 |
55,36 +/- 12,58 |
0,72 |
Vascular nephropathy: 31.91% Diabetic nephropathy: 36.17% | _
|
OUR SERIES |
157 |
51,19±14,77 |
0,89 |
Vascular nephropathy: 32% |
43months |
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