AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Review Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2693-4779/126
Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry, New York, USA.
*Corresponding Author: Saeed Shoja Shafti, MD, Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry, New York, USA.
Citation: Saeed Shoja Shafti, MD, (2023), Machiavellianism: a Critical Appraisal, Clinical Research and Clinical Trials; 7(2): DOI:10.31579/2693-4779/126
Copyright: © 2023, Saeed Shoja Shafti. This is an open access article distributed under the term of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited.
Received: 02 March 2023 | Accepted: 12 March 2023 | Published: 22 March 2023
Keywords: machiavellianism; machiavelli; psychopathy; narcissism; dark triad; moralities; honesty; dishonesty
Machiavellianism is known as a character trait that involves deceit, manipulativeness, and an unemotional, devious, pessimistic view of others. Machiavelli uses people for personal advantage, and doesn’t care about the outcomes of his or her behavior. So, rationalization of abuse, misjudgment and heartless victimization of persons, constitute the main framework for Machiavellianism, which is applied over and over again by exploiters. From a criminological standpoint, a Machiavelli can be a lawbreaker if he or she causes swindling, harm or losses to petitioners or robbed sufferers. Disregard to forensic aspects, Machiavellianism is socially, culturally, academically and pedagogically a taboo which is not overtly recommendable or supportable. But, indeed, it seems that such an abominable act, though it is disapproved, is not absolutely prohibited, because it can be traced in a variety of professions or fields; a finding which is not infrequent or momentary, as well. Therefore, Machiavellianism is a multidimensional issue which deserves more than a superficial analysis or verdict. In the present article, the said awful misapplication has been discussed briefly for the acquisition of a practical conception and stance, which may perhaps be more adjustable with the prevalent state of affairs.
Academically and ethically, the contrast between honesty and dishonesty has constantly been one of the main subjects of scholastic criticism and debate. Pedagogically, dishonesty is immoral conduct which needs reproach and rectification. Spiritualism, as well, declares deceitfulness, lying and duplicity as sinful doings which deserve chastisement and asking God for forgiveness. Socially, a person is known as an unsafe individual, who should be avoided without question. Culturally, deceit is equal to treachery, which is obnoxious and ominous. Accordingly, typically and idealistically, no reasonable philosophy has ever recommended Machiavellianism, which is generally defined as validation of mistreatment in support of personal purpose, as an acceptable or humanistic approach or manner. But, in point of fact, observations do not match with manifest teachings or preaching. So, in the present article, the said critical theme has been analyzed realistically, not idealistically, to examine its multiple aspects and possible utilities.
Machiavellianism is a political principle supporting the doctrines of governmental hegemony that has been analyzed in Machiavelli’s writings, in which political necessities is placed above morals, and deceit and craft are used to maintain power and fulfill the plans of a leader. So, such conduct is characterized by unscrupulous or subtle dishonesty, expediency, cunning, or deception [1]. In the 16th century, political philosopher and adviser, Niccoló Machiavelli, wrote “The Prince,” a platform which highlighted trickery as being more essential to political affairs than ethics, and as stated by him, “It is more important to be feared than loved,”. From there, the word “Machiavelli” was born, which refers to anyone who is scheming or immoral. In 1970, psychologists Richard Christie and Florence Geiss acknowledged Machiavellianism as a character trait that involves deceit, manipulativeness, and an unemotional, devious, pessimistic view of others. Moreover, they use people for their advantage, and don’t care about the outcomes of their behavior. Unlike a narcissist who will demand others’ attention or a psychopath who might get violent, a Machiavelli might be a little more introvert and spend his or her time on conspiracy instead of acting out [2, 3]. But Machiavellianism wasn’t a psychological term until the said psychologists developed the “Machiavellianism Scale”. As a personality inventory that is still used as the main evaluation instrument, this scale is currently termed “the Mach-IV test”. The “Machiavellianism Scale” is a score of up to 100 resulting from a test that involves a series of queries. Persons who score above 60 are considered ‘high Machs’, and those scoring lower than 60, ‘low Machs’. Moreover, there is a ‘Kiddie Mach Test’ for youngsters. On the other hand, psychopathy and narcissism are recognized as further psychological conditions that are associated with Machiavellianism, which, together, constitute the ‘Dark Triad’. Hence, personality disorders which might have the traits of Machiavellianism include narcissistic personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder [4]. Accordingly, some psychologists consider Machiavellianism as a subclinical form of psychopathy, since they both share manipulative tendencies and unsympathetic heartlessness as their primary qualities [5]. Similarly, in the pursuit of their purposes, persons high in Machiavellianism don’t hesitate to hurt others if they think it would be advantageous [6]. Psychopathy differs from Machiavellianism only in impulsivity, a lack of long-term planning and self-control, as psychopaths tend to be reckless [7]. Also, positive associations between Machiavellianism and both primary and secondary psychopathy were found [8]. Likewise, consistent with the results of a study, Machiavelianism scores were clearly linked with aspects of narcissism that indicate maladjustment, namely, entitlement and exploitativeness, and inversely related with adaptive narcissistic inclinations, namely, self-sufficiency [9 -12].
On the other hand, because of their skill at interpersonal manipulation, there has often been an assumption that persons with ‘high Machs’ have more intellect, or capacity to understand other persons in social circumstances, though some research has denied any connection between Machiavellianism and IQ [13]. Furthermore, findings of another study have shown some associations between Machiavellianism and low levels of empathy, “mind-reading skills” or Theory of mind (ToM) (namely, they can easily read the minds of others and understand social situations, which they can successfully manipulate in the service of their own intrinsic motivations), and high levels of anhedonia, alexithymia, anxiety, and depression [14,15]. Thus, alexithymia, which is the lack of awareness of feelings, including one's own feelings and the feelings of others, is considered an important trait that is linked with Machiavellianism. Therefore, alexithymics can’t recognize feelings or describe them, which may lead to problems regarding understanding one's own emotional state, in addition to failure in realizing what the feelings of other people are [16]. Besides, a number of studies have connected Machiavellianism with interpersonal problems, aggression and ambivalence [17]. Also, Machiavellian people display an avoidance attachment style in their general interpersonal relationships, although avoidance is further accompanied by some features of attachment anxiety in their intimate-close relationships. Machiavellian persons not only have a negative representation of significant others, but they also tend to seek reciprocal closeness in order to abuse their companions. This ambitendency in distance regulation might be primarily important in realizing the vulnerability of Machiavellian people [18]. Finally, research has revealed that impairment in prefrontal inhibitory functions may result in the expression of "Machiavellian" personality traits, and the frontal lobes are required for maintenance of pro-social personality traits [19].
Manipulative tactics of social behavior (Machiavellianism) have been studied by both evolutionary biologists and psychologists to evaluate the adaptive advantages of manipulative social behavior. On the other hand, Machiavellianism does not constantly lead to real-life victory and does not correlate in a straight line with general intelligence. Hence, it is best considered as one of several social strategies which are successful in some situations but not others. As a general rule, human evolutionary psychology may provide valuable contexts for thinking about behavioral strategies, such as Machiavellianism, and identify a large number of explicit theories that have not yet been evaluated by social psychologists [20]. Throughout history, the white lie has been acknowledged as an acceptable tactic, if the related conditions could justify that. Such a fib, which is illimitable and seemingly well-intentioned, is usually applicable in family atmospheres. Likewise, according to some believers, prevarication and hiding one’s religion or opinions, as well, is comparable to fibs and are okay in particular situations. So while, intellectually, dishonesty is not acceptable, realistically and in specific conditions, it is quite bearable. Moral principles, ethics, consciences and other comparable concepts, which together denote honesty and morality, are usually among the first doctrines that are being discussed in various fields or cults, and are routinely announced as a necessary prerequisite in various careers and social interactions. In fact, without morals, in general, no family, as the basic unit of any community, and no social group or civilization could ever survive. Therefore, ethics have been evolved parallel to biological and intellectual development to serve cohesion, humanity, and existence. So, it was one of the most valuable outcomes of natural selection, in addition to other achievements or abilities. On the other hand, untruthfulness is ordinarily declared as the character of felons and evil groups. As a result, the righteousness or deceitfulness of any person or assembly may be formulated, pragmatically, with regard to their frankness or falsehood, which is observable and may be considered as their regular guideline or doctrine. But, is such a division exact? Can we typify persons or groups based on their plain conduct or avows? Is such a categorization valid regarding us, as well? Briefly, “The personal aim justifies the immoral tactic” is the most famous passage that is commonly being ascribed to Niccoló Machiavelli, though his focus was essentially on political affairs, not ordinary life or livelihood. Anyhow, many folks, like educationalists, mental health counselors, spiritualists, sociologists, politicians or even lay people, usually express the said clause as an unacceptable motto that negates honesty, which has been requested constantly by cultural values or divine advice. Psychoanalytically, while the worthy aspirations drive from the living instinct, the evil desires drive from the death instinct. Likewise, while the primary process thinking (illogical and fantasy thinking in the course of daydreaming) is rooted in the unconscious mental activity, the secondary process thinking (rational and goal-directed thinking throughout ordinary life) results from conscious mental action. Similarly, while Id is the icon of repressed wishes and Ego is the emblem of an evolutionary compromise between inner life and outer surroundings, Super-ego is the symbol of superintendent supremacy that originates from earlier training and a copying of close relatives’ thoughts and conduct, which may be summarized in conscience or sense of right and wrong. Also, a character is constituted from a mixture of the said fragments, with dimensions that are not alike in everyone. For example, the feeble super-ego in psychopaths can be contrasted with the harsh super-ego in anankastic persons. So, there are various personalities with different physiognomies, which differentiate people from each other. Nonetheless, it doesn’t mean that there are no shared elements among all humans. From a phenomenological perspective, as well, the difference between characters depends on different proportion of constituting characters, like schizotypal, schizoid, paranoid, narcissistic, histrionic, sociopathic, borderline, avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive, passive-aggressive, sadistic, masochistic, and depressive traits [21]. Similarly and from a psychobiologic perspective, different temperament dimensions, like harm avoidance, novelty seeking, reward dependence and persistence, which are now understood to be genetically independent dimensions that occur in all possible combinations within the same individual rather than as mutually exclusive categories, constitute the body’s biases in the modulation of conditioned behavioral responses to prescriptive physical stimuli, and reveal the stylistic component (“how”) of behavior, as differentiated from the motivation (“why”) and the content (“what”) of behavior [22]. Besides, often the most diagnosable personality disorder in clinics is the undifferentiated type [23]. So, once more, every character is constituted from an assortment of conscious and unconscious mental activities, traits, and temperaments. Such an assortment has a direct influence on personal insight and social judgment, which may fill the gap between known rightness and wrongness. Though such a formulation may represent determinism in the formation of character, which may challenge exaggerated blame and reproach against wrongdoings, punishment may be justified as a conditioning tool, as well. All these psychological processes are disregard to cultural, historical, economic or political determinants. Based on the aforesaid contributing factors, stressing that everybody should behave at all times honestly and properly is an unreal expectation. On the other hand, honesty demands a double-sided pledge between individual and family, kinfolk and community, people and system, if, idyllically, it is expected to be factual and constant. But, again, the said request is not at all times achievable because the related intervening factors are not persistently controllable. For example, in political affairs, Machiavellianism is commonly part of the game, without which no advantage is generally feasible. Accordingly, an honest politician can be nothing more than a permanent underdog, if he or she is not acquainted with manipulative maneuvers during dealings with politically aware challengers. Likewise, duping enemies during wars, some of the commercial rivalries and espionage operations, cannot be done without manipulation and deception; if not, no success can be guaranteed, at least for them [24,25]. Competition is a common phenomenon, which may involve, reflexively, numerous challenges and antipathies. Every rivalry ordinarily has a winner and a loser. While for the conqueror, the success may mean more progress, for the loser the loss may be equal to total destruction. So, when a competition, whether economic, political or military, is a struggle for survival, merciless strategy can be a preferred method for further rivalry, which will enforce itself, compulsorily and inescapably, in the challengers’ mindsets. Helplessness, hopelessness, mental stress, occupational pressure, economic strain, poverty, shortage of time, lack of chance, narrow choice, limited alternative, personal intolerance, attention deficit, jealousness, disability, social mayhem, corrupted system, and negligent officials may turn Machiavellianism into a public policy, instead of an exceptional alternative. Anyhow, it is not deniable that deceit is, also, a derivative of evolution for self-protection, gaining extra benefits, finding more resources or better mates, though in an unfair and egoistical style. Due to instinctive narcissism, it is expectable that the number of selfish people is usually more than the quantity of selfless persons, who do big jobs, anonymously, and get fewer benefits, graciously. On the other hand, narcissism, as a stipulation for survival of an organism, demands conditions which are not easily obtainable. While Machiavellianism may be the outcome of a contrast between assets and deficits, many schemers were not naturally manipulators and there was a turning point in their lives, which forced them to become Machiavelli. Such dynamism is different from Machiavellianism, which is derived from insatiable greediness and may denote a personal malady. Moreover, untruthfulness, which is on behalf of national security or social welfare, is different from dishonesty, which is for self-interested benefits. So, Machiavellianism may have both positive and negative aspects, based on the primary intentions and final outcomes. Though, historically and evolutionary, moral code assisted the existence of civilization, it was not at all times enough for its sheltering, and demanded a mixture of honesty and dishonesty to guarantee better protection. Enemies prefer honest, but oblivious, nemeses. Sometimes, in surroundings full of rivalry, antagonism and conflict, a hoax is the only solution for persistence or victory. International political affairs and worldwide economics contain countless tricks, along with reciprocal nondiscriminatory interactions. On the other hand, political Machiavellianism is not dependent of the form of system, and can be applied by every regime, based on the domestic requirements, foes’ circumstances, or inland hegemonic desires. Therefore, while, concretely, deceitfulness is a disparaging subject, from an abstract viewpoint, it demands a wide-ranging dialectical analysis. Despite the fact that, on a national scale, political affairs and money matters demand smartness, which is not exactly equivalent to honesty, on an international scale, many times, they demand dishonesty against the contestants. Gaining limited or unique resources demands application of a mixture of truthful and untruthful maneuvers, a process which has been performed throughout history and will be performed endlessly. As is usual, no politician is measured for evaluation of moral physiognomies till expose of some adverse proof, purposely or accidentally, by opponents, representatives or law enforcement agencies. Undiscovered scandals, too, will permit incessant shielding of double-dealings by ostensible statements or mannerisms. This is a condition that doesn’t have any crucial way out, because even the honest politicians may be the nominee, representative or supporter of a large number of insincere individuals and officials. On the other hand, politics involves limitless fights for gaining power and hegemony, and politicians are the actors of such a play, which is innately antagonistic, merciless, and endless. Such a composition demands fearless and determined individuals, not sissy folks. Accordingly, it seems that finding a bit of wrongdoing in the personal history of courageous people should not be astonishing. Anyhow, though Machiavellianism is in fact an ancient and regular practice in some occupations or accomplishments, and is as old as the creation of human beings, and can be explained as a byproduct of evolution, it is not ethically acceptable, or tactically recommendable, because its explicit validation contravenes civil rights, endanger public safety, and breaks social values. Humanity, civilization and the world cannot survive by means of Machiavellianism, as a general philosophical outlook. So, it remains everlastingly an underground approach for a limited, but not immaterial, group of civilians or officials. Nationally or locally, rule of law, rightful administration and democracy seem to be effective approaches for the management of Machiavellianism, which is not thoroughly eradicable, or smoothly modifiable.
Though, academically, Machiavellianism is a reproachable tendency, pragmatically, it is a maneuver which is employed repeatedly, unavoidably and knowledgeably by some professions. Besides, peripheral stresses or inner shortages may increase its frequency. Anyhow, it is a kind of problem-solving strategy, which may be justifiable if it pertains to national security or social welfare; otherwise, if it is an egotistical deed, then it is a criminal act. But such a judgment could be right on a national scale, while with respect to international businesses and struggles, no comparable rationalization are conceivable. Though there are a lot of international decrees and organizations that may monitor or regulate transnational communications, there are many intervening factors, as well, that may disturb fairness, mask untruthfulness, and delude the masses. So, it is a multidimensional item that cannot be analyzed superficially. Hoax, whether prohibited or justified, covert or disguised, mandatory or unneeded, is an interminable approach and morality, whether genuinely or intellectually, is a dynamism that may impact it provisionally, but not principally. Law, also, as the catalyst of the said conflict, stands in the middle of the game.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
