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Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/873
1Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State.
2Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science, Imo State University Owerri.
3Haematology department, Federal university otuoke, Bayelsa State.
4Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science, Imo State University Owerri, Imo State.
*Corresponding Author: Emeka-Obi Obioma Raluchukwu, Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State.
Citation: Obioma Raluchukwu EO, Ukawuba C. Augustine, Amadi Oluchi CA, Jane Ugochi CM, Okpara L. Tobechukwu, (2025), Levels of Fibrinogen, White Blood Cell Count and Cholesterol in Type 11 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Specialist Hospital Umuguma, Owerri, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, 28(4); DOI:10.31579/2690-4861/873
Copyright: © 2025, Emeka-Obi Obioma Raluchukwu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 11 June 2025 | Accepted: 31 July 2025 | Published: 26 August 2025
Keywords: fibrinogen; white bloodd cell count; cholesterol type 11 diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose level (hyperglycemia) with alteration in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion and /or action. This study was aimed at determining the levels of white blood cell, fibrinogen, white blood cell count and cholesterol in type 11 diabetes mellitus patients attending federal Teaching Hospital Owerri. A cross – sectional study was carried out from month of January to March 2024 and all eligible subjects who filled the questionnaire and give a written informed consent for the study period were sampled. The study population consisted of 30 diabetes mellitus patients who were recruited for the study. An equivalent number of healthy study’s (30) age matched non-diabetes mellitus subject served as the controls. The procedure was carried out using Turks solution for white blood cell count, fibrinogen kits for fibrinogen and Total cholesterol assay kits at the federal Teaching Hospital Owerri. The result of the test were analyzed using SPSS version 21.The mean value of WBC (9.57 ±3.17) X109/L, fibrinogen (410.3 ±108.2) mg/dl and cholesterol (234.80± 66.69) was significantly increased in type 11 diabetes when compared to controls (6.95±2.17)x109/l, 225.87±60.05)mg/dl and 14.50±37.29 (p=0.000, p=0.000 and p=0.000. There was no significant difference in the mean value of WBC (8.85±3.29)X109/L, 374.75±111.36)mg/dl and 209.67±41.51)m/dl male when compared to female type 11 diabetes patient (10.05±3.09)x109/l, 434.22±102.29)m/dl and 251.56±75.69mg/dl (p=0.322, p=0.143 and p= 0.092). There was a significant difference in the mean value WBC (9.78±3.11)X109/l, fibrinogen (384.17±120.09) mg/dl and cholesterol (247.82±65.83)mg/dl in type 11 diabetes patient within the age of (40 – 60) years when compared to type 11 diabetics of age>60 years of WBC (9.31±3.35)x109/l, fibrinogen (444.85±82.58) mg/dl and cholesterol (217.77±66.44) mg/dl. (p=0.695, p=0.130 and p=0.227). There was no significant negative correlation of cholesterol with fibrinogen and white blood cell in diabetics mellitus (r=0.49,p=0.006; r=0.06, p=0.748 type 11 diabetes mellitus is associated with a significant increase in white blood cell, fibrinogen and cholesterol, therefore, routine screening of these indices is recommended to minimize diabetes mellitus-related complication.
Defects in insulin secretion, action, or both can lead to diabetes mellitus, a set of metabolic illnesses characterised by elevated blood glucose levels [1]. Diabetes can cause nerve damage, renal failure, and blindness over time. Microvascular disease, the term for damage to small vessels, is the cause of these kinds of harm. Diabetes also plays a significant role in the rapid atherosclerosis, or hardening and constriction of the arteries, which can result in coronary heart disease, strokes, and other diseases of the big blood vessels [3]. In Nigeria, roughly 17 million people, or 8% of the total population, suffer from diabetes.
Diabetic Nephropathy (DN), characterised by a progressive decline in renal function and structure over the course of a lifetime, develops in at least one-third of patients with diabetes mellitus [3]. The primary cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally is diabetic nephropathy. The onset of low but aberrant albumin levels in the urine (30 to 300 mg/day), known as microalbuminuria, is the first clinical sign of DN [4].
Furthermore, it is predicted that 12 million more Nigerians are unaware that they have diabetes. After cancer and heart disease, diabetes ranks as Nigeria's third most common cause of death [5].
Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and other components are examples of haematological parameters. A high white blood cell count (WBC), a traditional indicator of inflammation, is linked to diabetes and a number of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Increased MPV, PDW, PCT, and platelet count have been linked to endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory illnesses, including metabolic syndrome, diabetes, coronary artery disease, and cancer [6].
Patients with diabetes have been found to have altered levels of numerous haematological markers, including red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBC), and platelet function. [7]
The significance of elevated WBC and RBC counts in the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome has been supported by numerous investigations. Numerous epidemiologic research have also indicated a strong correlation between various metabolic syndrome components and haematological markers. The link between haematologic markers and insulin resistance has already been validated by several research [8].
individuals with diabetes mellitus who have chronic renal failure, a consequence of the disease, have abnormal haematological parameters; anaemia is the most prevalent anomaly among these individuals.
Patients with common risk factors, such as a longer history of diabetes, high blood pressure, poor metabolic control, smoking, obesity, and hyperlipidaemia, may be at a higher risk of developing complications from their diabetes [9].
Short doses of insulin reduce its ability to operate properly, and people who produce insufficient amounts of insulin are at risk for developing diabetes mellitus. The elevated blood glucose levels are caused by the lack of insulin. Patients in this condition experience thirst and urination. It is true that non-fasting triglycerides (TGs) are a better indicator of vascular risk than fasting measures. An excess of tiny, dense LDL particles, decreased HDL, and elevated triglycerides make up the trio of conditions known as diabetic dyslipidaemia. The majority of dyslipidaemia cases have a genetic basis, however in certain instances, environmental factors including nutrition, exercise, and smoking habits can play a significant part in the disease's onset and progression. The atherogenic nature of LDL cholesterol is linked to the risk of atherosclerosis and its consequences. [10] Small, thick LDL cholesterol particles are linked to atherogenicity. the high risk of cardiovascular disease in contrast to its straightforward quantitative assessment. The level of LDL cholesterol is rising due to a diet high in saturated fats, smoking, lifestyle choices, and an increase in visceral fat. The risk of coronary heart disease is decreased when LDL cholesterol levels are lowered [11].
From 108 million cases in 1980 to 463 million cases and 4.2 million deaths in 2019, the number of adults worldwide suffering from diabetes has increased significantly. Over three-quarters of the world's diabetes cases occur in low- and middle-income nations, and 700 million people are predicted to have the disease globally by 2045. The prevalence of diabetes is significantly rising in Sub-Saharan Africa. [12]
Therefore, preventing diabetes and its complications is of utmost importance. Furthermore, the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes is also influenced by chronic inflammation. Epidemiological research indicates that blood fbrinogen, a non-specific indicator of inflammation, and total white blood cells are related to the risk of diabetes. Only a small number of earlier investigations, meanwhile, looked into the potential relationship between pre-diabetic states and specific haematological parameters [13].
In both the general population and individuals with Type 2 diabetes, cholesterol is linked to higher rates of cardiovascular morbidity and overall death. Numerous studies have documented the incidence of kidney disease and other metabolic abnormalities among individuals with type 2 diabetes in West African nations. In Nigeria, just one investigation was carried out in a randomly chosen population sample, and it described renal damage in diabetic individuals regardless of albuminuria [14].
Diabetes is linked to blood, cellular, and metabolic abnormalities and is a worldwide public health concern. Due to factors including urbanisation, ageing, and the rising rates of obesity and physical inactivity, type 2 diabetes mellitus has swiftly emerged as a major global health concern.
Haematological alterations have been documented in diabetes and are a significant contributor to problems related to the disease. Nevertheless, there are conflicting reports and little information available on the haematological characteristics of type 2 diabetes individuals in the research region. According to research by [15], a number of variables, such as elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the development of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) as a result of chronic hyperglycemia, can contribute to haematological alterations in diabetes. Oxidative stress, which is linked to tissue damage and haematological alterations like RBC malfunction, PLT hyperactivity, and endothelium dysfunction, is caused by increased ROS production [16]. Regular follow-up monitoring of haematological markers is not advised by current diabetes care guidelines. However, research on the haematological characteristics of diabetic patients conducted in various locations produced a variety of conflicting findings. Regarding RBC indices [17], WBC count, and platelet count, some research revealed no statistically significant difference between diabetic patients and healthy controls; however, another study found that diabetic patients had significantly higher RBC, WBC, and PLT indices than controls. Others noted that the diabetic group's WBC and PLT indices are much greater than those of the control group, but all RBC indices, with the exception of RDW, are significantly lower (Biadgo et al., 2015). Furthermore, there is a dearth of knowledge about haematological markers in type 2 diabetes in Nigeria, especially in the research area.
Although the veracity of the material has not been established, recent studies have suggested that changes in the serum lipid profile may also be linked to diabetes mellitus. Recently, the disease's rising incidence has shifted from high-income to middle- and low-income nations, particularly Nigeria, which has the highest disease burden in Africa, with over 1.2 million individuals affected. However, there is little information on the levels of cholesterol, white blood cell count, and fibrinogen in Nigerian diabetes patients. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate cholesterol, white blood cell count, and fibrinogen in diabetes individuals [18].
Thus, information regarding fibrinogen, WBC, and cholesterol levels will be crucial for the diagnosis and follow-up of diabetic patients.
The current study is intended to assess the level of the individual meters and ascertain whether there is any variation in its level with regard to age and gender because there is a dearth of data on the levels of fibrinogen, WBC, and cholesterol in diabetes patients.
Study Area
The study was carried out at Imo State Specialist Hospital, Umuguma, Imo State.
Study Design
A cross-sectional study was carried out from month of September to July 2024 and all eligible subjects who filled the questionnaire and give a written informed consent for the study period were sampled. The study population consisted of 50 diabetes mellitus patients who were recruited for the study. An equivalent number of healthy subjects (50) age matched non-diabetes mellitus subjects served as the controls. The procedure was carried out at the Federal University Teaching Hospital, Owerri. The results of the tests were analyzed using SPSS version 27.
A total of one hundred subjects (50 patients and 50 controls) were recruited for the study. The study participants were given an informed consent form. Subjects who agree to sign was recruited for the study and given a structured questionnaire to fill.
Selection Criteria
Inclusion criteria
1. Diabetes patients from18years and above.
2. Those without any other infection such as HIV, HBsAg, HCV, Syphilis etc.
3. Diabetes mellitus patients who gave informed consent.
4. Age-matched non diabetes mellitus subjects.
Exclusion criteria
1. Diabetes mellitus patients below 18years of age.
2. Diabetes mellitus patients whose informed consent could not be obtained because they were skeptical about the research.
3. Those with other infections such as HIV, HCV, HBsAg and syphilis.
Sample Collection
Ten millitres of venous blood sample was collected at the ante-cubital vein aseptically, 5ml was dispensed into Ethylene Di-amine Tetra Acetic Acid container, while 5ml was dispensed into plain container. The EDTA and plain container was properly labeled with the subject’s name, sample number and date of collection. The blood dispensed into the EDTA container was stored in a refrigerator at 40C while the serum was stored in a freezer at -200C prior to use.
Laboratory Analysis
The Determination of Fibrinogen, white blood cells (WBCS) and
Total Cholesterol (TC), were done using standard method
Statistical Analysis
Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 27. Mean, standard deviation, ttest and Pearson correlation were determined. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05.
Mean Values of Fibrinogen, WBC and Cholesterol in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Versus Controls
The mean values of fibrinogen (410.43±108.24)mg/dl, WBC (9.57±3.17) x109/L and cholesterol (234.80±66.69)mg/dl were significantly increased in type II diabetes patient when compared to controls (225.87±60.05)mg/dl, (6.95±2.17) x109/L and (146.50±37.29)mg/dl.(t=8.17 ,0.000 ;t=3.37,p=0.000; and t=6.33,p=0.000)
| Parameter | Test | Control | t-value | p-value |
Fibrinogen (mg/dl) | 410.43±108.24 | 225.87±60.05 | 8.17 | 0.000* |
| WBC (x109/L) | 9.57±3.17 | 6.95±2.17 | 3.73 | 0.000* |
Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 234.80±66.69 | 146.50±37.29 | 6.33 | 0.000* |
4.1: Mean Values of Fibrinogen, WBC and Cholesterol in Type II Diabetes
Mellitus Versus Control (Mean±SD)
*: Significant
Mean Values Fibrinogen, WBC and Cholesterol in Male Type II Diabetes Mellitus Versus Female Type II Diabetes Mellitus
There was no significant difference (p=0.143, p=0.322 and p=0.092) in the mean value of fibrinogen (374.75±111.36)mg/dl, WBC (8.85±3.29) x109/L and cholesterol (209.67±41.51)mg/dl in male type II diabetes patient when compared to female type II diabetes patient (434.22±102.29)mg/dl, (10.05±3.09) x109/L and (251.56±75.69)mg/
| Parameter | Male n=12 | Female n=18 | t-value | p-value |
Fibrinogen (mg/dl) | 374.75±111.36 | 434.22±102.29 | 1.51 | 0.143 |
| WBC (x109/L) | 8.85±3.29 | 10.05±3.09 | 1.01 | 0.322 |
Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 209.67±41.51 | 251.56±75.69 | 1.74 | 0.092 |
4.2: Mean Values of Fibrinogen, WBC and Cholesterol in Male Type II
Diabetes Mellitus Vs Female Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Comparison the Mean Values of Fibrinogen, WBC and Cholesterol in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patient Based on Age
There was no significant difference in the mean value of fibrinogen (384.12±120.09)mg/dl, WBC (9.78±3.11) x109/L and cholesterol (247.82±65.83)mg/dl in type II diabetes patient within the age of (40-60) yrs when compared to type II diabetes patient of age >60 yrs (444.85±82.58)mg/dl, (9.31±3.35) x109/L and (217.77±66.44)mg/dl.
(t=1.56,p=0.130; t=0.39,p=0.695 and t=0.227, p=0.227)
| Parameter | (40-60)yrs n=12 | (>60)yrs n=18 | t-value | p-value |
Fibrinogen (mg/dl) | 384.12±120.09 | 444.85±82.58 | 1.56 | 0.130 |
| WBC (x109/L) | 9.78±3.11 | 9.31±3.35 | 0.39 | 0.695 |
Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 247.82±65.83 | 217.77±66.44 | 1.23 | 0.227 |
4.3: Comparison of the Mean Values of Fibrinogen, WBC and Cholesterol in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patient Based on Age
Key WBC –White Blood Cell
*: Significant
Correlation Cholesterol with Fibrinogen and WBC in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patient
There was a significant negative correlation (r=-0.49, p=0.006) between cholesterol with fibrinogen in type II Diabetes Mellitus Patient.
There was a no significant negative correlation (r=--0.06, p=0.748) between cholesterol with WBC in type II Diabetes Mellitus Patient.
| Variable | N | R | p-value |
| Fibrinogen | 30 | -0.49 | 0.006 |
| WBC | 30 | -0.06 | 0.748 |
4.4: Correlation of Cholesterol with Fibrinogen and WBC in Type II
Key WBC – White Blood Cell
A diverse collection of metabolic disorders known as diabetes mellitus is typified by changes in carbohydrates and elevated blood glucose levels, or hyperglycemia. protein and lipid metabolism brought on by deficiencies in the secretion and/or action of insulin. Diabetes mellitus is the third most prevalent cause of end-stage renal disease, behind hypertensive nephrosclerosis and chronic glomerulonephritis, according to hospital-based research conducted throughout Nigeria [19].
According to the current study, diabetics' mean WBC values were noticeably higher than those of controls. In type 2 diabetes, a higher WBC count has been identified as a sign of chronic inflammation, which is linked to microvascular complications. Additionally, micro and macrovascular problems have been linked to elevated WBC counts, even when they fall within the normal range [20]. Epidemiological research indicates a correlation between the risk of diabetes and the WBC count, a non-specific inflammatory mediator. This study's findings are consistent with those of a study conducted by [21], which discovered that white blood cells are an independent predictor of diabetes mellitus. They added that increased WBC is a traditional indicator of inflammation and that it shows a correlation between inflammation and diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, and poor glucose metabolism.
The study's current results demonstrated that, in comparison to controls, diabetics had significantly higher mean fibrinogen readings. One of the many potential explanations for hyperfibronogenemia in diabetics is that procoagulant states are frequently seen in diabetics. Numerous coagulation factors, including plasminogena activator inhibitor I, von-willebrand factor, fibrinogen, factor VII, and thrombin antithrombin complexes, are elevated, especially in relation to glycaemic management and macrovascular and microvascular illness [22, 23]. Individuals with diabetes, especially those with inadequate glycaemic control, have higher plasma levels of lipoprotein (Lp). At least two main proteins come together to produce the Lp (a) molecule. One disulphide bond covalently joins the apoB100 molecule to the apoliprotein (a) {APO(a) } molecule [24,25]. In terms of protein and lipid composition, it is structurally similar to low density lipoprotein (LDL); the primary distinction between the two is APO(a). The glycoprotein APO (a) shares structural similarities with plasminogen. Plasma's precursor can attach itself to fibrin as well as the membrane proteins of monocytes and endothelial cells. This prevents plasminogen binding and plasmin production, which delays thrombolysis, reduces fibrinolysis, and increases the buildup of fibrin and Lp (a) at the sites of vascular damage. By lowering fibrinols and raising plasma fibrinogen levels, Lp(a) plays a significant part in diabetes and related vascular consequences [26]. This study's findings are consistent with the report by [27].
Type 11 Diabetes mellitus is associated with a significant increase in white blood cell, fibrinogen and cholesterol, therefore, routine screening of these indices is recommended to minimize diabetes mellitus – related complications
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Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
I would like to offer my testimony in the support. I have received through the peer review process and support the editorial office where they are to support young authors like me, encourage them to publish their work in your esteemed journals, and globalize and share knowledge globally. I really appreciate your journal, peer review, and editorial office.
Dear Agrippa Hilda- Editorial Coordinator of Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, "The peer review process was very quick and of high quality, which can also be seen in the articles in the journal. The collaboration with the editorial office was very good."
I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the support and efficiency provided by the editorial office throughout the publication process of my article, “Delayed Vulvar Metastases from Rectal Carcinoma: A Case Report.” I greatly appreciate the assistance and guidance I received from your team, which made the entire process smooth and efficient. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, contributing to the overall quality of the final article. I am very grateful for the high level of professionalism and commitment shown by the editorial staff, and I look forward to maintaining a long-term collaboration with the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
To Dear Erin Aust, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation for the opportunity to have my work published in this esteemed journal. The entire publication process was smooth and well-organized, and I am extremely satisfied with the final result. The Editorial Team demonstrated the utmost professionalism, providing prompt and insightful feedback throughout the review process. Their clear communication and constructive suggestions were invaluable in enhancing my manuscript, and their meticulous attention to detail and dedication to quality are truly commendable. Additionally, the support from the Editorial Office was exceptional. From the initial submission to the final publication, I was guided through every step of the process with great care and professionalism. The team's responsiveness and assistance made the entire experience both easy and stress-free. I am also deeply impressed by the quality and reputation of the journal. It is an honor to have my research featured in such a respected publication, and I am confident that it will make a meaningful contribution to the field.
"I am grateful for the opportunity of contributing to [International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews] and for the rigorous review process that enhances the quality of research published in your esteemed journal. I sincerely appreciate the time and effort of your team who have dedicatedly helped me in improvising changes and modifying my manuscript. The insightful comments and constructive feedback provided have been invaluable in refining and strengthening my work".
I thank the ‘Journal of Clinical Research and Reports’ for accepting this article for publication. This is a rigorously peer reviewed journal which is on all major global scientific data bases. I note the review process was prompt, thorough and professionally critical. It gave us an insight into a number of important scientific/statistical issues. The review prompted us to review the relevant literature again and look at the limitations of the study. The peer reviewers were open, clear in the instructions and the editorial team was very prompt in their communication. This journal certainly publishes quality research articles. I would recommend the journal for any future publications.
Dear Jessica Magne, with gratitude for the joint work. Fast process of receiving and processing the submitted scientific materials in “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. High level of competence of the editors with clear and correct recommendations and ideas for enriching the article.
We found the peer review process quick and positive in its input. The support from the editorial officer has been very agile, always with the intention of improving the article and taking into account our subsequent corrections.
My article, titled 'No Way Out of the Smartphone Epidemic Without Considering the Insights of Brain Research,' has been republished in the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The review process was seamless and professional, with the editors being both friendly and supportive. I am deeply grateful for their efforts.
To Dear Erin Aust – Editorial Coordinator of Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice! I declare that I am absolutely satisfied with your work carried out with great competence in following the manuscript during the various stages from its receipt, during the revision process to the final acceptance for publication. Thank Prof. Elvira Farina
Dear Jessica, and the super professional team of the ‘Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions’ I am sincerely grateful to the coordinated work of the journal team for the no problem with the submission of my manuscript: “Cardiometabolic Disorders in A Pregnant Woman with Severe Preeclampsia on the Background of Morbid Obesity (Case Report).” The review process by 5 experts was fast, and the comments were professional, which made it more specific and academic, and the process of publication and presentation of the article was excellent. I recommend that my colleagues publish articles in this journal, and I am interested in further scientific cooperation. Sincerely and best wishes, Dr. Oleg Golyanovskiy.
Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator of the journal - Psychology and Mental Health Care. " The process of obtaining publication of my article in the Psychology and Mental Health Journal was positive in all areas. The peer review process resulted in a number of valuable comments, the editorial process was collaborative and timely, and the quality of this journal has been quickly noticed, resulting in alternative journals contacting me to publish with them." Warm regards, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.
Dear Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, Auctores Publishing LLC. I appreciate the journal (JCCI) editorial office support, the entire team leads were always ready to help, not only on technical front but also on thorough process. Also, I should thank dear reviewers’ attention to detail and creative approach to teach me and bring new insights by their comments. Surely, more discussions and introduction of other hemodynamic devices would provide better prevention and management of shock states. Your efforts and dedication in presenting educational materials in this journal are commendable. Best wishes from, Farahnaz Fallahian.
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, Auctores Publishing LLC. I am delighted to have published our manuscript, "Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction (ACPO): A rare but serious complication following caesarean section." I want to thank the editorial team, especially Maria Emerson, for their prompt review of the manuscript, quick responses to queries, and overall support. Yours sincerely Dr. Victor Olagundoye.
Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. Many thanks for publishing this manuscript after I lost confidence the editors were most helpful, more than other journals Best wishes from, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The entire process including article submission, review, revision, and publication was extremely easy. The journal editor was prompt and helpful, and the reviewers contributed to the quality of the paper. Thank you so much! Eric Nussbaum, MD
Dr Hala Al Shaikh This is to acknowledge that the peer review process for the article ’ A Novel Gnrh1 Gene Mutation in Four Omani Male Siblings, Presentation and Management ’ sent to the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was quick and smooth. The editorial office was prompt with easy communication.
Dear Erin Aust, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice. We are pleased to share our experience with the “Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice”, following the successful publication of our article. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, helping to improve the clarity and quality of the manuscript. We are especially thankful to Ms. Erin Aust, the Editorial Coordinator, for her prompt communication and continuous support throughout the process. Her professionalism ensured a smooth and efficient publication experience. The journal upholds high editorial standards, and we highly recommend it to fellow researchers seeking a credible platform for their work. Best wishes By, Dr. Rakhi Mishra.
Dear Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, Auctores Publishing LLC. The peer review process of the journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions was excellent and fast, as was the support of the editorial office and the quality of the journal. Kind regards Walter F. Riesen Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Walter F. Riesen.
Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, Auctores Publishing LLC. Thank you for publishing our article, Exploring Clozapine's Efficacy in Managing Aggression: A Multiple Single-Case Study in Forensic Psychiatry in the international journal of clinical case reports and reviews. We found the peer review process very professional and efficient. The comments were constructive, and the whole process was efficient. On behalf of the co-authors, I would like to thank you for publishing this article. With regards, Dr. Jelle R. Lettinga.
Dear Clarissa Eric, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, I would like to express my deep admiration for the exceptional professionalism demonstrated by your journal. I am thoroughly impressed by the speed of the editorial process, the substantive and insightful reviews, and the meticulous preparation of the manuscript for publication. Additionally, I greatly appreciate the courteous and immediate responses from your editorial office to all my inquiries. Best Regards, Dariusz Ziora
Dear Chrystine Mejia, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neurodegeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Auctores Publishing LLC, We would like to thank the editorial team for the smooth and high-quality communication leading up to the publication of our article in the Journal of Neurodegeneration and Neurorehabilitation. The reviewers have extensive knowledge in the field, and their relevant questions helped to add value to our publication. Kind regards, Dr. Ravi Shrivastava.
Dear Clarissa Eric, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, Auctores Publishing LLC, USA Office: +1-(302)-520-2644. I would like to express my sincere appreciation for the efficient and professional handling of my case report by the ‘Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies’. The peer review process was not only fast but also highly constructive—the reviewers’ comments were clear, relevant, and greatly helped me improve the quality and clarity of my manuscript. I also received excellent support from the editorial office throughout the process. Communication was smooth and timely, and I felt well guided at every stage, from submission to publication. The overall quality and rigor of the journal are truly commendable. I am pleased to have published my work with Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, and I look forward to future opportunities for collaboration. Sincerely, Aline Tollet, UCLouvain.
Dear Ms. Mayra Duenas, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. “The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews represented the “ideal house” to share with the research community a first experience with the use of the Simeox device for speech rehabilitation. High scientific reputation and attractive website communication were first determinants for the selection of this Journal, and the following submission process exceeded expectations: fast but highly professional peer review, great support by the editorial office, elegant graphic layout. Exactly what a dynamic research team - also composed by allied professionals - needs!" From, Chiara Beccaluva, PT - Italy.
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, we have deeply appreciated the professionalism demonstrated by the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The reviewers have extensive knowledge of our field and have been very efficient and fast in supporting the process. I am really looking forward to further collaboration. Thanks. Best regards, Dr. Claudio Ligresti
