Case Report | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2692-9759/079
1 Cardiology Service of the Regional University Hospital of Malaga. Spain.
2 Department of Pediatric Cardiology of the Regional University Hospital of Malaga. Spain.
*Corresponding Author: Patricia Ruiz Martín, Cardiology Service of the Regional University Hospital of Malaga. Spain.
Citation: Patricia R. Martín, Almudena O. Garrido, Juan I. Z. Argüelle, (2023), Isolated Left Ventricular Apical Hypoplasia: A Case Report, Cardiology Research and Reports. 5(4); DOI:10.31579/2692-9759/079
Copyright: © 2023, Patricia Ruiz Martín. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 08 November 2022 | Accepted: 26 June 2023 | Published: 10 July 2023
Keywords: left ventricle; right ventricle; chest x-ray; cardiac magnetic resonance; patients
We show the images of two cases of this rare pathology from our congenital heart disease unit.
The first patient is a 14-year-old, asmathic male, whose only family history is an ostium secundum atrial septal defect in his mother. During echocardiographic screening performed during pregnancy, a spheroidal left ventricle (LV) and an elongated right ventricle (RV) were observed, confirming these findings at birth.
The second patient is an 8-year-old male, whose diagnostic suspicion also began at fetal screening and was confirmed at birth.
Both remain asymptomatic during follow-up, presenting with a normal physical examination, electrocardiogram, chest x-ray and Holter monitoring, so they do not receive any treatment. In addition, a cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) was performed that confirmed the suspected diagnosis.
Isolated LV hypoplasia is a rare congenital pathology, characterized by the absence of the LV apex, resulting in a spheroidal ventricle, surrounded by the RV that forms the cardiac apex. It can be associated with an abnormal origin of the papillary muscles and the replacement of the apical myocardium by adipose tissue.
The clinic varies from the absence of symptoms to heart failure, arrhythmias and even sudden death. The differential diagnosis should be made with aneurysms, ventricular diverticulum and hypoplasic LV syndrome. Treatment consists of treat the signs and symptoms of heart failure and arrhythmias if they occur. Its etiology, treatment and prognosis are uncertain since there are few cases published in the literature.
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