Impact on Patient Communication and Information after the Incorporation of white Boards in the Rooms of the Cardiology Hospitalization Units of four Hospitals

Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2641-0419/372

Impact on Patient Communication and Information after the Incorporation of white Boards in the Rooms of the Cardiology Hospitalization Units of four Hospitals

  • Maria Dolores Gómez Barriga 1*
  • Luisa Barrera Hernández 2
  • Alicia González Pozuelo 3
  • Christian Bengoa Terrero 4
  • M. ª Victoria Soriano Rodríguez 5

1 Nursing Supervisor at Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Spain.

2 Nursing Supervisor at Hospital Severo Ochoa, Spain.

3 Bachelor's Degree in Nursing, Hospital de Fuenlabrada, Nursing Supervisor in Cardiology, Spain.

4 Cardiored Coordinator at Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Spain.

5 Nursing Supervisor in Cardiology at Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Spain.

*Corresponding Author: Maria Dolores Gómez Barriga, Member of the Research Institute of Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IDISSC), Spain. mgbarriga@salud.madrid.org, ORCID: 0000-0001-5973-0823.

Citation: Gómez Barriga, MD, Barrera Hernández L., González Pozuelo A., Bengoa Terrero C., Soriano Rodríguez M. ª Victoria, (2024), Impact on Patient Communication and Information after the Incorporation of white Boards in the Rooms of the Cardiology Hospitalization Units of four Hospitals, J Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, 7(6); DOI: 10.31579/2641-0419/372

Copyright: © 2024, Maria Dolores Gómez Barriga. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Received: 18 April 2024 | Accepted: 14 May 2024 | Published: 04 June 2024

Keywords: communication; nurse; whiteboards; information; goals of care; complementary test

Abstract

Background/Aim: Effective communication between patients and healthcare professionals is crucial to ensuring optimal health outcomes. The study´s objective was to describe the impact on communication and information that patients have after the placement of white boards in the rooms of the Cardiology inpatient units of four hospitals.

Material and Methods: Quasi-experimental multicenter before-after study with a non-equivalent control group to evaluate the improvement in the information and communication received by the patient after the placement of whiteboards in the rooms of the cardiology hospitalization units of 4 hospitals, during the year 2021. All patients were included with the condition that they were over 18 years old of age with a minimum stay of 3 days. The variables to be collected were knowledge of the professionals responsible for their care, care objectives, procedures and/or tests to be performed, with a collection in two phases, and gender/age. The analysis is based on the characteristics of the variables.

Results: Total population =364, 176 prior phase and 188 after implantation, 39,8% women and 51,6% men. In the previous phase, the patients reported knowing the nurses 3,7% vs 96,3%, the nursing assistants 7,4% vs 92,6%, the doctors 31,4% vs 68,6%, the care goals 17% vs 83% and tests 13,8% compared to 86,2% later (p<0,001- Pearson's chi-squared value).

Discussion: The study confirms that whiteboards in patient rooms improve communication and healthcare staff knowledge. While the usefulness of whiteboards is acknowledged, the research couldn't directly compare their effects with other studies. Limitations such as incomplete patient satisfaction analysis and lack of sample randomization are noted. However, the multicenter design of the study strengthens its conclusions.

Conclusions: After placing whiteboards in patient rooms, there is an improvement in communication and in the information that patients admitted to the hospitalization units studied have.

Introduction

Effective communication between patients and healthcare professionals ensures effective patient care. Therefore, patient-centered communication is fundamental to guarantee optimal health outcomes. Achieving patient-centred care and communication in nurse-patient clinical interactions is complex due to the presence of institutional, communication, environmental, and personal/behavioural barriers.[1]

In this context, it is essential to highlight that effective communication fosters the establishment of trust, interaction, and the nurse-patient relationship[2], as this relationship enables joint decision-making and therefore has a positive impact on health outcomes.[ 3, 4].

Challenges still exist in this research area regarding new strategies that can diagnose and offer alternatives to improve communication between nurses and their patients in daily practice. [5].

The nurse-patient relationship is a helping relationship established with the patient and/or their family based on interaction, communication, respect for ethical values, acceptance, and empathy, aiming to foster introspection and behavior change. Key components include communication, active listening, and respect. Bioethical values and confidentiality must also be present to ensure that the relationship is built on equality and intimacy. [6] The nurse-patient interaction directly affects patient satisfaction and is essential for the delivery of nursing care. [7] 

Care today requires a vital reconsideration towards humanising health, where care is situated ethically and professionally.[6]

This professional care is structured and formalized and aimed at meeting the needs of human beings with the purpose of promoting, maintaining, or restoring health. In this sense, it is essential for nursing professionals to demonstrate a high sense of commitment, loyalty, values, and humanism in delivering care to all who require it.[7]

Given the risk of dehumanization in patient care due to the administrative restructuring of most healthcare systems worldwide, it is necessary to reclaim the human aspect in clinical, administrative, educational, and research practices by nursing professionals. Nurses encounter various phenomena in their daily work that focus on the realities of the patients they care for, where, due to various conditions, there often isn't an opportunity for feedback between patient and nurse that would allow for the growth of this dyad and the strengthening of the care provided.[8] Additionally, there is a need to review the conditions under which humanized care is offered, the behaviors, and the perceptions of those involved. [8]. In this sense, it is important to highlight the differences in nurse-patient interaction regarding communication, with significant variability depending on the professional. Therefore, implications for staff development include teaching strategies that enhance symmetric nurse-patient communication.[9,10] For some time now, several scientific publications have demonstrated demonstrating increased patient satisfaction regarding communication and information received from healthcare professionals through the placement of whiteboards in patient rooms during their hospital stay. These whiteboards include the names of the professionals responsible for their care, the tests or procedures to be performed, and even the daily care goals aimed at ensuring the patient's proper progress[11].

This study aimed to assess the impact on patient communication and information following the implementation of whiteboards in the cardiology hospitalization units of four hospitals.

Materials and Methods:

A multicenter quasi-experimental before-after study without a control group was conducted to evaluate the experience of patients treated in the cardiology hospitalization units of the four participating hospitals following the placement of whiteboards in patient rooms. Sample size calculation was based on a reference prevalence of 50% from previous studies[11, 15], anticipating a 15% increase in patient satisfaction after implementation, with a desired power of 80%. This required N=162 patients per group across the four hospitals, with a bilateral alpha error 0.05. All patients over 18 years old voluntarily participating, with a hospital stay of more than three days and willing to answer the provided questions voluntarily, were included. Patients with mental alterations, incapacitated to respond due to health status without caregiver assistance, or incapable or unwilling to understand and sign the informed consent were excluded.

Data collection periods were divided into two phases: the first phase took place from October to December 2019, and due to the Covid-19 pandemic, which caused a project suspension, the second phase was conducted from May to October 2021. Data were collected simultaneously in all four hospitals during both phases.

Variables including gender and age were collected before and after whiteboard placement, along with patient awareness of the healthcare professionals responsible for their care (physician, nurse, nursing assistant), knowledge of planned tests or procedures, and understanding of nursing care goals defined as agreed-upon actions with the patient for daily implementation to improve health status.

Once placed, the whiteboard was to be filled out and reviewed by responsible healthcare professionals during each shift to ensure proper evaluation. Before the intervention, all involved healthcare professionals underwent awareness sessions emphasizing the importance of communication and patient information to enhance the hospitalization experience. Three sessions with the same methodology were conducted in each hospital to achieve this goal.

Statistical analysis involved presenting categorical variables with frequency distributions and 95% confidence intervals. Comparison analysis of variables was conducted using Chi-Square tests. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0 software, with a significance level set at 5% (p<0>

All investigators and personnel involved in the project adhered to local and international ethical regulations for human experimentation, including the Declaration of Helsinki, the Belmont Report, and related documents. Approval was obtained from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Hospital 1 on 23/10/2019, with subsequent approval from the ethics committees of Hospitals 2, 3, and 4 in November of the same year.

Personal data handling complied with the European General Data Protection Regulation 2016/679 and the Spanish Data Protection Law 2018. Only the principal investigator accessed to the dataset, and databases were deleted upon study completion. The confidentiality of patient and third-party information was maintained as per Law 41/2002 on patient autonomy, rights, and obligations regarding clinical information and documentation. 

Informed consent and information sheets were provided to all study participants.

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Figure 1: Image of a whiteboard placed in patient rooms at the different participating hospitals. Created by the authors.

Results:

Responses were collected from a total of 364 patients, of which 188 were after the implementation of the intervention and 176 were before to the placement of the whiteboards, with 39.8 Percent sign being women and 60.2 Percent sign men. The age distribution of the sample was as follows: 5.8 Percent sign were under 40 years old, 19.5 Percent sign were between 41-60 years old, 26.1 Percent sign were between 61-70 years old, 28.6 Percent sign were between 71-80 years old, and those over 80 years old accounted for 20.1 Percent sign. The distribution among the four hospitals was 42.9 Percent sign for Hospital 1, 22 Percent sign of the patients belonged to Hospital 2, 20.9 Percent sign to Hospital 3, and 14.3 Percent sign to Hospital 4.

Before the whiteboards were placed, 81.8% of patients denied knowing the nurses responsible for their care, whereas after the placement, 96.3 Percent sign 

claimed to know them (p Less-than sign 0.001). Regarding nursing assistants, 82.4 Percent sign stated they did not know them before, while 92.6 Percent sign responded affirmatively after the placement of the whiteboards (p Less-than sign 0.001). After the interventions were implemented, 68.6 Percent sign of patients reported knowing their doctor, compared to 31.4 Percent sign before the whiteboards were installed (p Less-than sign 0.001). After placing the whiteboards, 86.2 Percent sign of patients reported knowing which tests would be performed during their hospital stay, whereas only 13.8 Percent sign previously knew this information (p Less-than sign 0.001). Additionally, 83 Percent sign of patients reported knowing the daily care goals after the whiteboards were placed in the rooms, compared to 17 Percent sign who claimed to know them before this implementation (p Less-than sign 0.001).

GENDERWhiteboard Implementation  
 NOYESTOTAL
WOMENAbsolute frequency7669145
Relative Frequency43,2%36,7%39,8%
MENAbsolute frequency100119219
Relative Frequency56,8%63,3%60,2%
TOTALAbsolute frequency176188364
Relative Frequency100%100%100%

Table 1: Distribution of the sample by gender. Self-made.

Table 2. Distribution of the sample by age. Self-made.

                                                                                Whiteboard Implementation

 

Total

 NOYES
AGEUnder 40 years oldAbsolute frequency12921
  Relative Frequency6,8%4,8%5,8%
Between 41-60Absolute frequency323971
Relative Frequency18,2%20,7%19,5%
Between 61-70Absolute frequency455095
Relative Frequency25,6%26,6%26,1%
Between 71-80Absolute frequency4856104
Relative Frequency27,3%29,8%28,6%
Over 80Absolute frequency393473
Relative Frequency22,2%18,1%20,1%
TotalAbsolute frequency176188364
Relative Frequency100,0%100,0%100,0%
       

Table 2: Distribution of the sample by age. Self-made.

Pearson Chi-square Value: p = 0.746

Table 3. Distribution by hospitals of the sample                                                                                     

 

Implementation

NOYES

 

Total

    
 HOSPITAL 1Count7581156
% Within implementation42,6%43,1%42,9%
HOSPITAL 3                                     Count404080
% Within implementation22,7%21,3%22,0%
   
 HOSPITAL 3Count354176
 % Within implementation19,9%21,8%20,9%
      
 HOSPITAL 4Count262652
%Within implementation14,8%13,8%14,3%
TotalCount176188364
% Within implementation100,0%100,0%100,0%
        

Table 3: Distribution of the sample by age. Self-prepared.

Pearson Chi-square Value: p = 0.95

Outcome variables 

Knowledge of nursing professionals by patients before and after the implementation of whiteboards in the rooms.     

Table:4 Patient awareness of nursing professionals pre and post implementation of whiteboards in the rooms

                Whiteboard implementation
 Does not know                   Yes, knows
NURSENOAbsolute frequency1447
% Within implementation81,8%3,7%
YESAbsolute frequency32181
% Within implementation18,2%96,3%
TotalCount176188
 % Within implementation100,0%100,0%

Table 4: Patient awareness of nursing professionals pre and post implementation of whiteboards in the rooms. Selfprepared. 

Pearson Chi-square Value: p < 0>

Table 5. Patient awareness of nursing care technicians (TCAEs) pre and post- implementation of whiteboards in the rooms. Self-prepared.

Whiteboard implementation
                                                                                                        Does not know                     Yes, knows
TCAENOAbsolute frequency14514
% Within implementation82,4%7,4%
YESAbsolute frequency31174
% Within implementation17,6%92,6%
TotalCount176188
% Within implementation100,0%100,0%

Table 5: Patient awareness of nursing care technicians (TCAEs) pre and post- implementation of whiteboards in the rooms. Self-prepared. 

Pearson Chi-square Value:

Table 6 : Knowledge of doctors by patients before and after the implementation of whiteboards in the rooms

                Whiteboard implementation
 Does not know                   Yes, knows
MédicoNOAbsolute frequency12859
 % Within implementation72,7%31,4%
YESAbsolute frequency48129
% Within implementation27,3%68,6%
TotalCount176188
% Within implementation100,0%100,0%

Table 6: Patient awareness of doctors pre and post implementation of whiteboards in the rooms. Self-prepared.

Pearson Chi-square Value:

Table 7: Knowledge of the tests being performed by patients before and after the implementation of whiteboards in the rooms. 

                Whiteboard implementation
 Does not know                   Yes, knows
TestNOAbsolute frequency7726
% Within implementation43,8%13,8%
YESAbsolute frequency99162
% Within implementation56,3%86,2%
TotalCount176188
% Within implementation100,0%100,0%

Table 7: Patient awareness of the tests to be performed pre and post implementation of whiteboards in the rooms. Self-prepared.

Pearson Chi-square Value:

Table 8: Knowledge of care goals by patients before and after the implementation of whiteboards in the rooms.

 Whiteboard implementation 
                                                                                                       Does not know                     Yes, knows

Care objectives

 

NOAbsolute frequency7932
% Within implementation44,9%17,0%
YESAbsolute frequency97156
% Within implementation55,1%83,0%
TotalCount176188
% Within implementation100,0%100,0%

Table 8: Patient awareness of the care objectives pre and post implementation of whiteboards in the rooms. Self-prepared.

Discussion:

Following the data analysis, the study´s initial hypothesis is accepted, allowing us to affirm that in the 4 participating hospitals where whiteboards were implemented in the rooms, patients felt better informed, and their knowledge of the healthcare professionals had significantly increased.

The distribution of the sample collected by sex and age is very similar to that reflected in other studies with similar characteristics, such as the one conducted by Goyal A. et al., where men accounted for 55% of the subjects and 69% were over 51 years old. [11], Similarly, these authors analyzed the knowledge of professionals by patients, as more than 95% of the patients found the valuable whiteboard in terms of information received upon whiteboard implementation. In another article by Singh S., et al. [12], they placed whiteboards in each patient room in the medicine wards of their hospital. They asked nurses and doctors to use them to improve communication with hospitalized patients. They subsequently analyzed the effect of these whiteboards by comparing patient satisfaction with communication from medical wards before and after whiteboard placement with patient satisfaction with communication from surgical wards that did not have whiteboards. Patient satisfaction scores (scale 0-100) with communication significantly improved in the medical wards: nursing communication, physician communication, and involvement in decision-making. Patient satisfaction scores did not change significantly in the surgical wards. There was no secular trend, and the authors ruled out a trend in overall patient satisfaction, concluding that whiteboards can be a simple and effective tool to increase hospitalized patient satisfaction with communication. [12]. The placement of electronic whiteboards has been analyzed in other studies, such as the one conducted by Randell R. et al., titled "Electronic whiteboards:a review of the literature," published in Stud Health Technol Inform. 2015; 210:389-93., [13] in a systematic review conducted by Randell R. et al., they analyze the impact of electronic whiteboards on the care process, concluding that there is a lack of evidence regarding the impact on patient outcomes. Therefore, we cannot directly compare the data reflected in our study. However, they identify that white boards can contribute to improved information dissemination. In another article published by Skaggs M. et al., they analyze the importance of simultaneous interventions to enhance these outcomes. This recommendation is also being implemented in these hospitals but has not been analyzed for the current study [14].

Many limitations exist, methodological Biases mainly of our study would be the analysis of satisfaction among professionals and patients regarding the implementation of the whiteboards and their utility, as analyzed by the authors Sehgal NL. et al..[15], While the analysis of patient satisfaction is underway as part of the complete study, the decision to implement the whiteboards was made by the nursing teams themselves and not by unit leaders. Similarly, our study would have gained greater robustness through sample randomization and the inclusion of a control group. One of the strengths of our study lies in its multicenter design, which was conducted simultaneously in the four hospitalization units of the four hospitals. Additionally, hospital 1 is the only hospital with patients from a single medical specialty in its unit; the other hospitals have hospitalization units with various medical services, allowing us to analyze responses from patients with different health issues.

Conclusion

The placement of whiteboards in patient rooms achieved a dual objective. Firstly, it significantly impacted on patient communication with healthcare professionals and reduced variability in how information was conveyed to hospitalized patients. This led to the humanization of care and improved patient experience during their hospital stay. Similarly, the involvement of the entire healthcare team is a fundamental pillar for the tool's effectiveness, requiring action plans to be developed within the team rather than imposed by management 

 

Acknowledgments

To all healthcare professionals (physicians, nurses, and nursing assistants) in the hospitalization units of the four hospitals who participated in the development of this work and made its successful implementation possible

To the cardiology research foundation for their support, which made it possible to develop the entire project. Without their assistance, this project would not have been possible. To the research unit of Hospital Number 1 for their assistance with the analysis of all the statistical data.

Funded by:

Cardiovascular Research Foundation.

References

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George Varvatsoulias

Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.

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Rui Tao

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.

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Khurram Arshad

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.

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Gomez Barriga Maria Dolores

The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.

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Lin Shaw Chin

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.

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Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.

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Dr Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.

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Dr Maria Regina Penchyna Nieto

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.

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Dr Marcelo Flavio Gomes Jardim Filho

Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”

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Zsuzsanna Bene

Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner

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Dr Susan Weiner