AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Review Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2766-2314/120
Laboratory for Immunology and Hematology Research, Rabin Medical Center, Hasharon Hospital, Petah-Tiqva, the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel.
*Corresponding Author: Meir Djaldetti, Laboratory for Immunology and Hematology Research, Rabin Medical Center, Hasharon Hospital, Petah-Tiqva, the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel.
Citation: Meir Djaldetti, (2023), Immunomodulatory and Carcinopreventer Activities of Coffee and Caffeine, J, Biotechnology and Bioprocessing, 4(6); DOI:10.31579/2766-2314/120
Copyright: © 2023, Meir Djaldetti. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 18 September 2023 | Accepted: 29 September 2023 | Published: 09 October 2023
Keywords: coffee; caffeine; immunity; cytokines; cancer; chemoprevention
The energizing effect of a cup of coffee combined with its distinctive flavor and test are well known and highly regarded. These coffee characteristics are due to a number of polyphenols, the principal one being caffeine. The usefulness of coffee as a potential adjuvant in medicine is increased when the health benefits of coffee drinking are added to a list of chronic disorders, such as the prevention of cancer and chronic inflammation. Consideration is warranted given the importance of chronic inflammation as a heralder of cancer development and the immunomodulatory effects of caffeine and coffee on immunological and cancer cells. In this regard, caffeine's ability to alter the release of inflammatory cytokines by cancer cells as well as peripheral blood and tumor microenvironment mononuclear cells plays a critical role in the tumor development. The ways coffee or caffeine may exert carcinoprevention and particularly their impact on the cross talk between immune and cancer cells is the purpose of the present review.
The world's widespread use of coffee can be easily explained by the aroma, the taste, and the comfort it brings after drinking. Furthermore, coffee's health advantages have long been known to exist. In addition to providing pleasure, coffee has beneficial effects on the progression of chronic diseases such type II diabetes, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and liver ailments as well as chronic inflammation [1,2]. Coffee drinkers showed lower levels of inflammatory markers such as CX3CL1, CCL4/MIP-1β, IFNγ and FGF-2 [3]. Caffeine (CA) is the most significant of the several polyphenols found in coffee; there fore investigations are typically conducted using CA alone or in combination with other polyphenols or medications. Treatment of PBMC with CA reduced T-cell proliferation and suppressed IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IFNγ production [4]. Those and other studies [5] indicate that CA exerts a significant anti-inflammatory activity. In addition, frequent coffee consumption was associated with a decreased death rate and a lower risk of cancer in a large sample of both men and women. [6]. Comprehensive meta-analyses showed that 3-4 cups of coffee consumption per day is linked with a decreased risk of breast, colorectal, endometrial and prostate cancer [7, 8]. However, according to some studies the relationship between coffee and cancer prevention is less evident with the exception of hepatocellular carcinoma and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women mostly in those carrying a BRCA1 mutation. [9, 10]. The type and method of coffee beans cultivation, the time of coffee brewing, the amount of beverages consumed daily, the duration of its use, and individual behaviors could all be factors in the disparity in the studies' findings. Given the close link between chronic inflammation and the development of cancer, the protective impact of coffee drinking on reducing the risk of cancer deserves attention [11]. Reviewing the link between the immunomodulatory capacity of coffee and CA and their carcinopreventive effect was the goal of the current study.
Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of CA
Despite the fact that there have been many in vitro studies exploring the immunomodulatory effects of CA, investigations using both animal models and humans are infrequent [5]. In two out of five studies of coffee trials reviewed by Pavia et al. [12] CA increased the anti-inflammatory IL-10 production. Notably, the mode and the degree of PBMC stimulation affect the impact of CA on cytokine generation. Thus, non-stimulated PBMC incubated with CA did enhance IL-1 production but not that of IL-6, IL-10, or TNF, whereas PBMC stimulated by co-incubation with HT-29 or RKO colon cancer cells significantly raised the production of all of them, including IL-1ra and IFN [13]. CA induced a decreased secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 secretion in LPS stimulated human monocytic leukemia derived macrophages due to inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation [14]. Macrophages stimulated with conditioned medium of mesenchymal stem cells treated with CA showed increased phagocytic capacity, inhibited ROS and NO expression compared to macrophages treated with conditioned medium alone [15]. Six mg/kg body mass of CA supplemented to athletes before exercise increased plasma concentration of IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 levels without having any impact on PBMC production of theses cytokines [16]. Interestingly, different subpopulations of human macrophages respond in a different way to coffee and CA. In contrast to macrophages activated by GM-CSF, coffee was able to promote the secretion of IL-8, IL-6, and IL-1β in macrophages treated with macrophage colony-stimulated factor. TNF-generation, however, was reduced in both cell types [17]. It appears that how coffee is brewed and consumed affects its ability to reduce inflammation. According to Castaldo et al. [18], brewed coffee contains more polyphenols and has higher anti-oxidant activity on HT-29 cells after simulated gastrointestinal intake, than non-digested samples. Additionally, the expression of the NF-kB p65 subunit and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 were inhibited by digested coffee samples, whereas the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased. Notably, higher CA doses suppress the macrophage and NK cells immune activity by a decreased synthesis of the anti- inflammatory cytokines, as well as TLR1, TLR2, and TLR4 receptors, while lower doses promoted their secretion [5]. One cup of coffee's worth of CA exposure to PBMC caused a downregulation of the inflammatory pathways STAT1, TNF, and IFN as well as lower levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. [19].
Caffeine and cancer development
Coffee and its polyphenols gained the title of chemopreventers by modulating the immune system, the course of chronic inflammation and the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Montenegro et al. [20] reported that coffee prompted prostate cancer prevention by lowering the production of the inflammatory mediators IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, C reactive protein, and modulation of the NF-kB pathway. In a carcinogen-induced model, CA was found to inhibit immunological mechanisms that contribute to the development of cancer by increasing the infiltration of CD8+T lymphocytes while decreasing that of CD+CD25+ regulatory cells. The PD-1 activity decreased in each group. IFNγ- and IL-6 production was boosted by CA combined with anti-PD1mAb and increased anti-tumor activity against B16F10 melanoma cells [21]. Acting on cytokine receptors, CA amplified the antitumor properties of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, and increased the activity of macrophages and natural killer cells, thus reducing the development of colorectal cancer cells [22]. The production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-12, and TNFα was found to be reduced in a mouse colon carcinogenesis model when CA and its ester, chlorogenic acid, were administered together as opposed to when the coffee polyphenols were given alone. Additionally, the production of non-coding miR molecules was modified, thus reducing cancer development [23]. Tryptophan-induced coffee extracts prevented the production of IL-8, IL-12, TNFα and IL1-β in colon carcinoma HT-29 cells [24]. CA affects cancer cells in a variety of ways, including mitotic arrest, autophagocytosis, enhanced macrophage phagocytosis, and necrosis as depicted in Figure. 1.
Figure 1: Caffeine affects the proliferation and viability of cancer cells (C) by a mitotic cycle arrest (M), increased apoptosis (A) and phagocytosis (P) and necrosis (N). In addition it modulates the immune activity of the mononuclear cells.
Digestive tract cancers
Esophageal cancer
The effect of CA on the digestive tract malignancies has attracted researchers’ attention, but it appears that CA's efficacy in preventing esophageal cancer is uncertain. In a retrospective analysis of patients with Barrett’s esophagus, CA was found to be a risk factor for developing into esophageal cancer along with other factors like age and abdominal obesity [25]. In vitro studies have shown that CA inhibits the proliferation rate of esophagus squamous carcinoma KYSE-30 cells in a dose-dependent matter [26]. On the other hand, a meta-analysis of a large sample of coffee drinkers revealed that East Asians, but not Euro-Americans, were protected from esophageal cancer by coffee [27].
Gastric cancer
The prevalence of coffee consumption raises the potential of a connection between coffee intake and the risk of gastric cancer. Studies on the subject failed to demonstrate an association between coffee beverage and carcinogensis [28]; moreover, reports suggested that coffee polyphenols and in particular CA may lower the risk of gastric cancer development [29,30]. CA treatment of MGC-803 and SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells resulted in lowered growth and enhanced apoptosis due to activation of the caspase-9/-3 pathway, enzymes actively involved in the apoptotic progression [31]. In the same type of cells CA suppressed cell proliferation and migration and prompted autophagy trough PTEN activation and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibition [32]. CA had the ability to boost the effectiveness of gastric anti-cancer medications. The combination of CA with cisplatin significantly improved cisplatin cytotoxicity on STKM-1 gastric cancer cells [33] and the survival time of STKM-1 cancer bearing mice compared to the effect of each of the substances alone [34].
Colorectal cancer
Coffee intake was found to be inversely associated with progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer [35] and with a reduced the risk of its development by about 13% [23]. According to prospective studies, drinking 2-4 cups or more per day dramatically reduced stage III colorectal cancer risk and mortality [36-38]. CA’s effect on the proliferation and apoptosis of the malignant cells of colorectal cancer bearing mice was greatly enhanced when combined with another coffee polyphenol, i.e. chlorogenic acid [23]. Emile et al. [39] conclude that further research is needed to determine whether coffee drinking has any influence on colorectal cancer in a recent review that included 14 systematic studies on the topic.
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma risk has been shown to be decreased by coffee drinking [40- 42]. CA supplementation significantly increased the apoptotic effect of 5-fluorouracil and decreased the growth of malignant cells, which was attributed to the activation of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins and amplified PARP enzyme cleavage [43]. A further route by which CA reduces hepatocellular carcinoma cells is PI3K/Akt inhibition [44]. Incubation of HrpG2 and Huh7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells with CA at doses 0-600 µM reduced proliferation, migration and invasion via Akt signaling pathway. When HrpG2 carcinoma bearing mice were fed with CA the number and progression of the tumors was reduced [45].
Breast cancer
There isn't much clear evidence from studies on the role of coffee and CA in preventing breast cancer. Analyses on a large number of patients failed to demonstrate an association between coffee consumption and incidence of invasive cancer risk in postmenopausal women [46-48]. Lafraconi et al. [49] reported that four cups of coffee a day may reduce the incidence of breast cancer in those patients by 10%. Treatment of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with various doses of CA caused an inhibited cell proliferation and viability, as well as a burst of oxidative stress. The generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) damaged the DNA in the MCF-7 cells but not in those of the MDA-MB-231 line indicating that the toxicity of CA varied depending on the subtype of cancer cells [10,50].
Genital tract cancers
Although research on the impact of CA on the development of genital tract cancer is, at best, classified as unreliable [51,52] , it has been found that overall CA consumption from coffee and tea was associated with a lower risk of ovarian cancer in a case-control study done in Denmark [53]. Four cups of coffee per day were linked to a 20% lower risk of endometrial cancer, according to a meta-analysis on the topic [49]. Other cohort studies and meta-analyses support these observations [54,55]. These and additional reports [7,54] indicate that the relationship between CA and the development of genital cancer is still uncertain and additional research is advised to elucidate the situation. Likewise, the reports as for the effect of CA on ovarian cancer development are rather inconclusive. In an analysis of data comprising 44,062 individuals, Ong et al. [56] concluded that there was no link between coffee consumption and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer, findings supported by other studies [57,58]
Lung cancer
Considering the habit of coffee drinking with cigarette smocking the association of CA intake with lung cancer development is difficult to assess. Guertin at al. [59], based on a sizable group of individuals have concluded that six cups of coffee per day was positively associated with the occurrence of lung cancer. However an adjustment regarding smocking attenuated the linkage between coffee consumption and cancer development. Studies done in vitro showed more encouraging results. In NCI-H23 lung cancer cells, p-FaK and p-Akt kinase activity were reduced, metastasis-promoting integrins were downregulated, and the cell cycle was arrested at the G0/G1 phase [60]. Claudin-2, a protein that is abundantly expressed in A549 lung cancer cells, was significantly downregulated by CA together with Nrf 2 factor. Additionally, CA boosted the doxorubicin cytotoxicity [61]. CA alone and in combination with artemisinin, a product of Artemisia annua, caused an attenuation of the tumor lesions in several organs in mice with dimethyl-benzene-anthracene induced cancer by reducing P53 expression and nitric oxide levels [62].
Prostate cancer
There is conflicting evidence about CA's relationship to the risk of prostate cancer. Prostate cancer cells PC-3 and DU145 that have been treated with CA had significantly less ability to proliferate and spread. Additionally, cohort studies conducted concurrently with the in vitro tests found that men who drank more than three cups of coffee per day had a 53% lower risk of developing prostate cancer than those who drank 0–2 cups. [63]. In a population case control study, Geybels et al. [64] attained comparable outcomes. Notably, when combined with atorvastatin, the effect of CA on the migratory capacity, invasion, and death of prostate cancer cells was dramatically enhanced [65]. A combination of CA and atorvastatin decreased the activity of phosphorylated Akt and Erk1/2, two proteins crucial for the survival of prostate cancer cells, and increased the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2. [65].
Malignant melanoma
Patients studies revealed that high coffee consumption or CA intake - ≥ 393 mg/day as opposed to <60>
Other cancers
Although it has been advised to further examine the potential benefit of coffee as a preventer of renal cancer, based on meta-analyses [73], earlier studies have revealed that consumption of coffee was inversely associated with the incidence of renal carcinoma [74,75].
CA affects the cross between immune and cancer cells.
The monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes with all their subtypes in the peripheral blood and the tumor microenvironment play a crucial role in maintaining chronic inflammation prior to carcinogenesis. In this regard the role of inflammatory cytokines in the proceeding of caner development has been thoroughly studied [76]. It has been demonstrated that TGF-β, TNF, and a number of interleukins, including IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, and IL-23, are involved in the growth and proliferation of cancer cells [77]. Certain interleukins such as IL-5, IL-6 and IL-27 enhance cancer spread and suppress apoptosis [78]. Cytokines generated by tumor cells may promote tumor development and migration as well to stimulate tumor microenvironment for production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-8 [79]. Tumor cell-produced TGF, TNF, IL-6, and IL-12 may stimulate the generation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages and mononuclear cells [76], inciting the existence of an immune cross-talk between cancer, innate immune cells and those in the tumor microenvironment [78,80, 81]. Chen et al. [82] reported that MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, T-47D and BT-474 human breast cancer cells release a great number of inflammatory cytokines resulting in a cross-talk between immune and cancer cells. Some of them, such as IL-1β are closely connected with the spreading capacity of breast cancer cells to the bones that could be inhibited by drug administration [83]. Alteration of the cross-talk between immune and cancer cells induced by CA has been reported by Bessler et al. [13].
Figure 2: Caffeine affects the cross-talk between macrophages (Ma) and lymphocytes (Ly) and cancer cell Ca) stimulating the cells for pro-inflammatory (red stars) and anti-inflammatory (blue stars) cytokine production.
Figure. 2 illustrates the crucial interactions between mononuclesrs and cancer cells. TGF-β performs two functions in cancer development: in the early stages of it induces apoptosis and interact with the cell cycle; in the later stages, it stimulates tumor migration and metastasis [84, 85]. Studies have shown that CA may impair tumor progress by modulating immune responses through inhibition of cAMP–phosphodiesterase, inhibition of adenosine receptors and modulation of HIF-1α, IL-8 and VEGF expression by cancer cells [86]. CA decreased tumor incidence and growth by inhibition of PD1 receptors in CD4+CD5+ regulatory T lymphocytes [21].
Taken together, the findings from meta-analyses, prospective and laboratory research indicate that coffee and CA exert a protective effect against significant types of malignancies through a variety of molecular mechanisms. Immunomodulation expressed by decreased pro-inflammatory interleukins production and enhanced activity of the anti-inflammatory ones is a key factor in the regulation of tumor microenvironment and cancer development [23]. Moreover, it has been proposed that CA may act as an additive to anticancer medications by targeting the pro-inflammatory cytokines [87]. The data presented support the assertion made in the majority of publications on the subject that further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms of CA carcinopreventer effect and to introduce it as an important adjuvant to anticancer drugs.
none
Ethical approval:
not applicable
Funding:
none
A2aR: protein recognition adenosine receptor
BCL-2: cell cycle regulator
CX3CL1: transmembrane adhesion protein
FGF: fibroblast growth factor
GM-CSF: granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor
HIF-1α Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha,
MIP: macrophage inflammatory proteins
mTOR: mammalian rapamycin target
NLRP: pattern recognition adapter
NO: nitric oxide
Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor
pAk7: protein kinase
PARP: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase
PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cells
pFaK: focal adhesion kinase
PI3K: Akt phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PTEN: phosphatase tensin homologue
ROS: reactive oxygen species
STAT: Signal transducers and activators of transcription
TLR: immune recognition receptor
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
I would like to offer my testimony in the support. I have received through the peer review process and support the editorial office where they are to support young authors like me, encourage them to publish their work in your esteemed journals, and globalize and share knowledge globally. I really appreciate your journal, peer review, and editorial office.
