Identification of a Novel Unbalanced t(4;8) (q12;q24) in Paediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia M2 with AML-ETO Negative Patient by Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization Technique

Case Report | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2768-0487/074

Identification of a Novel Unbalanced t(4;8) (q12;q24) in Paediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia M2 with AML-ETO Negative Patient by Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization Technique

  • Pina Trivedi 1*
  • Dharmesh Patel 1
  • Priya Varma 1
  • Mahnaz Kazi 1

Cytogenetic Lab, Department of Cancer Biology, Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Asarwa, Ahmedabad-380016, INDIA.

*Corresponding Author: Pina Trivedi, Senior Scientific office & Head, Cytogenetic Laboratory Department of Cancer Biology the Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Asarwa, Ahmedabad-380016, INDIA.

Citation: P Trivedi, D Patel, P Varma, M Kazi. (2022). Identification of a Novel Unbalanced t(4;8) (q12; q24) in Paediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia M2 with AML-ETO Negative Patient by Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization Technique. Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Research. 5(3); DOI:10.31579/2768-0487/074

Copyright: © 2022 Pina Trivedi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Received: 28 January 2022 | Accepted: 20 February 2022 | Published: 02 March 2022

Keywords: myeloid leukemia; situ hybridization technique; leukemogenesis

Abstract

Identification of chromosomal abnormalities in patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) has contributed substantially to our current understanding of the molecular pathogenesis underlying leukemogenesis, and risk-stratification. Based on molecular abnormalities both influences treatment strategies and aids in determining prognosis. While over 300 established mutations have been documented in AML, the enhanced availability of genetic analysis and the increase in awareness of uncommon chromosomal translocations have made it possible for rare, apparently unique translocations to become recognized and to ultimately gain prognostic significance. Hence, we present a case of AML with a novel, t(4;8) involving breakpoints previously undescribed. Although the patient required second induction, first remission was ultimately achieved. While the prognostic significance of this translocation is not fully elucidated, it is our hope that documentation of this patient’s presentation will help to characterize the significance of a yet undefined cytogenetic abnormality in AML.

Introduction

The most common form of the acute leukemias is an Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), with nature of complexity, heterogeneity and with marked genetic, epigenetic, and phenotypic variation [George M. Jehaa, Tiffany Wesley, Vince D. Cataldo 2020]. In most cases of AML, Chromosomes of malignant cells harbour specific, non-random, and often recurrent abnormalities which have important implications in terms of clinical and pathological presentation, prognosis, and therapeutic response. AML in children is a rare and heterogeneous disease, with an incidence of 7 cases per million children younger than 15 years. Survival rates increased upt to 70% due to intensive therapy in combination with effective supportive therapy in high-income countries, [Amanda de Lourdes Nunes et al,Ursula Creutzig et al 2012].

According to cytogenetic abnormalities chromosomes are grouped in three prognostic categories: favorable, intermediate, and adverse. Some of these abnormalities are common and others are rare. Rare cytogenetic abnormalities include aberrations of chromosomes 3, del (5q),- 5 and − 7 .Cytogenetic and molecular data are recognized as the most valuable prognostic factors in AML both in National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and European Leukemia Net (ELN) risk stratification models [ANUDISHI TYAGI et al 2018 & Matahi Moarii et al 2017]. 

In this case, we describe a report of AML-M2 patient with cytogenetic and FISH study using Bone marrow sample. Cytogenetic results revealed that there was a translocation between chromosome 4 and 8 in all 20 metaphases analyzed. Patient's karyotype analysis revealed 46, XY, t(4;8)(q12;q24)[20]. Karyotype results and FISH results were compared using Whole Chromosome Paint (WCP) FISH probes and Locus Specific Identifier (LSI) RUNX1/RUNX1T1fusion Dual color dual fusion (DCDF) probe. 

Case Details

We report a patient with AML-M2 who developed t(4;8)(q12;q24) prior  to the course of therapy. A 2-year-old male child suffering from low grade fever, weakness, join swelling of bilateral dorsum of hand to Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmadabad, India. 

On admission the laboratory investigations revealed White Blood Cell count 67.63 X103/cmm, Red Blood Cell count 4.34X106/cmm, Haemoglobin-8.8 gm/dl, and Platelets 231 X103/cmm, Myelocyte 14 %, Polymorphs 56%, and Lymphocytes 8%, Eosinophils 3%. Bone marrow report showed hypercellular with altered M: E ratio. PAS Stain Negative, Sudan Black Positive, Blast Cells 45 %, Promyelocytes 5 %, Myelocytes-M 10 %, Metamyelocytes- 2 %, Band Cells 2 %, Polymorphs- 4 %, Eosinophils- 3 %, Lymphocytes- 4 %, Inter Normoblasts5 %, Late Normoblasts 8 %, Reticulum Cells- 2 %. It shows proliferation of blast cells (45%). These blasts are medium to large in size, having high N:C ratio, fine chromatin & moderate amount of cytoplasm, having fine granules in few. Myeloid & erythroid precursors are suppressed. Megakaryocytes are present.  RBCs are Hypochromic microcytic. Marked leukocytosis with blast cells. Blast-11, Promyelocyte-05, Myelocyte-14, P-56, L-08, M-03, E-03. Platelets - Adequate. Diagnosis: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML-M2/M4). X-Ray Reports of chest was normal. Ultra-sonography reports of Abdomen pelvis were normal. FLT3/ITD mutation by RFLP method was negative from peripheral blood sample.

The patient was treated with Cytarabine 100 mg, Etoposide 100 mg, Filgrastim 300 mg, Mercaptopurine 50mg, Vincristine 1 mg, Doxorubicin 10mg and achieved remission.

Present study was  approved by the institutional review board and patients’ general consent was taken.

Materials and Methods

Conventional Cytogenetics

Bone marrow sample was collected ascetically in Sodium Heparinized vaccuate. For conventional cytogenetic study, short term culture was carried out as per standard protocol and slides were banded using Giemsa Trypsin G banding technique. Good morphology metaphases were captured in Zeiss automatic karyotyping system and analysis using IKAROS software and karyotype description was done using ISCN 2016 guidelines.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH):

Using Epi-fluorescence microscope (AXIO Imager.Z2, Zeiss, USA) equipped with appropriate filter sets, image capturing, and processing were carried out using an ISIS FISH imaging system (MetaSystems, Germany). FISH was performed using RUNX1/RUNX1T1 LSI probe. In LSI RUNX1/RUNX1T1 probe, RUNX1 gene was tagged with Spectrum green and RUNX1T1 gene tagged with Spectrum Orange. 

Results

Conventional Cytogenetic:
Conventional chromosome analyses at diagnosis of GTG banded metaphase were carried out. Total 20 metaphases were karyotyped. All metaphases showed 46,XY,t(4;8)(q12;q24)[20] (Figure.1 A). 

Figure1: (A) Conventional cytogenetic results of GTG banded karyotype showing t(4;8)( q12;q24) (B) Fluorescence in situ Hybridization results using Whole chromosome paint FISH probes. Spectrum orange #8 and spectrum green #4. Three green chromosomal materials indicate unbalanced translocation between chromosome 4 and 8. Part of chromosomal material from chromosome 4 is observed on q arm of chromosome 8.

FISH:

FISH results with RUNX1/RUNX1T1 probes results revealed metaphases with 2O2G signals which was observed which showed that there was no fusion for RUNX1/RUNX1T1 gene (Figure.2). FISH result was nuc ish(RUNX1/RUNX1T1) X2[200]. 

As this is an unknown translocation in AML, a gene specific probe for this specific translocation was not utilized. So, the WCP FISH was carried out to determine the nature of the translocation. The WCP FISH probes for chromosome 4 Spectrum Green (SG) and chromosomes 8 with Spectrum Orange (SO) were applied on metaphase cells as per manufactures instructions. Results of WCP FISH revealed that there was unbalanced translocation between chromosome 4 and 8. Part of q arm of chromosome 4 was observed attached to the q arm of chromosome 8 and confirmed that t(4;8)(Figure 1B).

Discussion

Conventional cytogenetics can detect structural and numerical cytogenetic abnormalities in 70%-80% of children with AML. Certain fusion genes, products from cryptic translocations, or loss of chromosome material can only be reliably detected using FISH. The diagnostic cytogenetic workup in children and adults is similar. The most frequent chromosomal abnormalities in children with AML include t(8;21)(q22;q22), inv(16)(p13.1q22) (together referred as core binding factor [CBF]-AML, t(15;17)(q22;q21)/PML-RARA, and 11q23/MLL-rearranged abnormalities (up to 25%), which together account for approx. 50% of pediatric AML, a much higher frequency than in adults. Additional abnormalities that are more predominant in pediatric AML are, for example, t(1;22)(p13;q13)/RBM15(OTT)-MKL1(MAL). Further types are the cryptic abnormalities t(7;12)(q36;p13)/ETV6(TEL)- HLXB9(MNX1), which are strongly associated with  +19 and t(5;11)(q35;p15.5)/NUP98-NDS1, predominantly found in cytogenetically normal AML (CN-AML). However, both translocations have not yet been included in the WHO 2008 classification [Creutzig et al 2012].

In present study we come across novel translocation (4;8)(q12;q22). The gene present on 4q12 is PDGFRA & several chromosomal rearrangements generating fusion genes causing PDGFRA activation have been described in a variety of uncommon hematologic disorders that are often accompanied with a related condition called hypereosinophilic syndrome. These rearrangements activate PDGFRA by fusion to various partner genes: STRN (2p24) in the , FIP1L1 (interstitial 4q12 deletion), CDK5RAP2 (9q33) in the , KIF5B (10p11) in the , ETV6 (12p13) in the , and BCR (22q11). [Baxter et al., 2002; Gotlib et al., 2008]. PDGFA has transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity and acts as a cell-surface receptor for members of the platelet-derived growth factor family: PDGFA, PDGFB and PDGFC, which are mitogens for fibroblasts and cells of mesenchymal origin. It plays an essential role in the regulation of many biological processes including cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, and cell migration & plays a role in platelet activation, wound healing, and angiogenesis [Demoulin et al., 2012; Heldin et al., 20103]. MYC gene located on 8q24 and present predominantly in the nucleus & expressed in almost all proliferating cells in embryonic and adult tissues; expression correlates with cell proliferation; abnormally high expression is found in a wide variety of human cancers. Its main role in Burkitt lymphoma, diffuse large cell Lymphoma, multiple myeloma, lung cancer, breast cancer colon cancer and prostate cancer & it’s expressed by different mechanisms like chromosomal translocation, amplifications, point mutations, epigenetic reprogramming, enhanced translation and increase protein stability. In 70% of cancers its expression is deregulated or elevated [Adrian Krygier et al 2020].

Outcome is of paediatric patients mainly depends on the initial response to treatment and chromosomal aberrations. Combinatorial therapy of Anthracycline- and Cytarabine-containing chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation in selected genetic high-risk cases or slow responders.  Relapse observed in, ~30% of all pediatric AML patients, whereas death is observed in 5%–10% of the patients due to disease complications or the side-effects of the treatment [Jasmijn D. E. de Rooij et al 2015].  Our patient received standard induction therapy and Etoposide and 6 thioguanine and achieved complete remission. Standard induction therapy comprises 3 days of an Anthracycline (e.g. Daunorubicin at least 60 mg/m2, idarubicin 10-12 mg/m2, or the Anthracenedione Mitoxantrone 10-12 mg/m2) and 7-10 days of Cytarabine (100-200 mg/m2 continuously or twice daily intravenously, ie, “3_7” or “3_10”). With these regimens, ~85% of children and adolescents achieve complete remission (CR). Although a third drug, such as Etoposide or 6-thioguanine, is commonly included in induction, their benefit has not been proven.

Age is an important factor among children, as indicated by the age-specific FAB/WHO subtypes. Infant AML was historically defined as AML occurring in children under 1 year of age, but it has now been extended to include all children under 2 years, because they share the same clinical and biological profiles [Julie Quesada et al 2021]. For example, they include a higher proportion of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL, M7), whereas certain cytogenetic abnormalities are exclusively identified in this age group, such as t(1;22)(p13;q13)/RBM15- MKL[Creutzig, U. et al 2012; De Rooij  et al 2015; Harrison et al 2010; Von Neuhoff et al 2010].

Till date in Mitelman database, 71,734cases and 32,721gene fusion for the chromosomal aberration have been reported [July 15, 2021]. Moreover, t(4;8)(q12;q24) with different regions have been observed in 11 cases in different malignancies but not observed in AML-M2.  So, our case is the novel finding. Although this patient required second induction, first remission was ultimately achieved. While the prognostic significance of this translocation is not fully elucidated, it is our hope that documentation of this patient’s presentation will help to characterize the significance of a yet undefined cytogenetic abnormality in AML.

To identify the exact breakpoints, present in AML and MDS and to identify fusion genes because of the unbalanced translocation array-CGH analysis required. 

Conclusion

Targeted therapy may enhance anti-leukemic efficacy and minimize treatment-related morbidity and mortality but requires detailed knowledge of the genetic abnormalities and aberrant pathways involved in leukemogenesis. So, the presence of certain genetic abnormalities, usually detected by Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH) analysis, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and next generation sequencing makes it possible to risk stratify patients at the time & these efforts towards future personalized therapy in pediatric AML.

References

Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.

img

Virginia E. Koenig

Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.

img

Delcio G Silva Junior

Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.

img

Ziemlé Clément Méda

Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.

img

Mina Sherif Soliman Georgy

We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.

img

Layla Shojaie

The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.

img

Sing-yung Wu

Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.

img

Orlando Villarreal

Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.

img

Katarzyna Byczkowska

Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.

img

Anthony Kodzo-Grey Venyo

Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.

img

Pedro Marques Gomes

Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.

img

Bernard Terkimbi Utoo

This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.

img

Prof Sherif W Mansour

Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.

img

Hao Jiang

As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.

img

Dr Shiming Tang

Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.

img

Raed Mualem

International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.

img

Andreas Filippaios

Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.

img

Dr Suramya Dhamija

Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.

img

Bruno Chauffert

I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!

img

Baheci Selen

"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".

img

Jesus Simal-Gandara

I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.

img

Douglas Miyazaki

We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.

img

Dr Griffith

I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.

img

Dr Tong Ming Liu

I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.

img

Husain Taha Radhi

I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.

img

S Munshi

Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.

img

Tania Munoz

“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.

img

George Varvatsoulias

Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.

img

Rui Tao

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.

img

Khurram Arshad

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.

img

Gomez Barriga Maria Dolores

The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.

img

Lin Shaw Chin

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.

img

Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.

img

Dr Maria Dolores Gomez Barriga

Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.

img

Dr Maria Regina Penchyna Nieto

Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.

img

Dr Marcelo Flavio Gomes Jardim Filho

Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”

img

Zsuzsanna Bene

Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner

img

Dr Susan Weiner

My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.

img

Lin-Show Chin

My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.

img

Sonila Qirko

My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.

img

Luiz Sellmann

I would like to offer my testimony in the support. I have received through the peer review process and support the editorial office where they are to support young authors like me, encourage them to publish their work in your esteemed journals, and globalize and share knowledge globally. I really appreciate your journal, peer review, and editorial office.

img

Zhao Jia